Anaerobic Digester Fluid Rheology and Process Efficiency

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Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176850862
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digester Fluid Rheology and Process Efficiency by : Luka Šafari?

Download or read book Anaerobic Digester Fluid Rheology and Process Efficiency written by Luka Šafari? and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions continue imposing stress on our environment, it is becoming increasingly important to identify and implement new renewable technologies. Biogas production through anaerobic digestion has a great potential, since it links waste treatment with extraction of renewable energy, enabling circular bio-economies that are vital for a sustainable future. For biogas to have an important role as a renewable energy carrier in society, the scale of its production will need to be increased substantially. New substrates need to be introduced along with raising organic loading rates of the reactors to increase the rate of biogas production. This contributes to challenges in maintaining process stability, thus increasing the risk for process disturbances, including problems that were not commonly encountered before. These difficulties may be particularly pronounced when a broad range of new, largely untested substrates are introduced, leading to an increased heterogeneity of organic material entering the reactors. In the case of currently the most common reactor type; the continuous stirred-tank biogas reactor (CSTBR); such problems may include shifts in rheology (i.e. fluid behaviour) of the anaerobic digester sludge. This may lead to increased energy consumption and decreased digester mixing efficiencies, which in turn may lead to inefficient biogas processes, ultimately decreasing the economic and environmental viability of biogas production. Much is still unknown regarding how rheology shifts happen in biogas reactors, particularly when it comes to what role the substrate plays in rheological dynamics, as compared to the microbial community during varying levels of biogas process stability. This thesis elucidates the interactions between substrate type, microbial community and its metabolic activity, and anaerobic sludge rheology. A number of sludge samples from mesophilic and thermophilic CSTBRs digesting a broad range of substrates was analysed for their rheology. The specific effects of individual substrate types on CSTBR sludge rheology and the resulting implications for stirring power requirements and mixing efficiency were investigated. In order to also asses to which extent the microbial metabolism affects rheology at different levels of process disturbance, an experiment with a trace-element-induced inhibition of specific metabolic pathways under mesophilic reactor conditions was performed. This was used to identify the sequence of different interactions that occur in the reactor after the process begins to fail, and to evaluate how these interactions link to changes in digester sludge rheology. Finally, a case study of a disturbed thermophilic anaerobic digestion process was performed, including the monitoring of the response of rheology in relation to process stability, which was modified by changing trace element concentrations. The use of artificial substrate without polymeric compounds in both cases allowed for an evaluation of effects of the microbial community and its metabolic products on rheology without including the effects of complex substrates. The results showed that substrate type has a large effect on how different process parameters correlate with fluid behaviour. This was particularly apparent in the case of total solids and total volatile solids, which correlated well with rheological parameters for samples from reactors digesting agricultural waste, sewage sludge, paper mill waste, or food waste, but not for mesophilic co-digesters. Among the different substrates investigated, food waste was generally observed to lead to the highest limit viscosities (i.e. apparent viscosities at high shear rates, where it becomes linear and constant) of the anaerobic sludge, while digestion of paper mill waste and thermophilic co-digestion led to some of the lowest. No fluid type could be clearly coupled to a specific substrate, but it could be observed that increased solids content could generally be associated with more complex, non-Newtonian rheological behaviour. The differences in fluid characteristics between reactors corresponded to large differences in modelled stirring power requirements and mixing efficiency. The results indicated that fluids with high values of rheological parameters, such as the consistency index (K) or yield stress (?0), would likely require more power or an adapted stirring system to achieve complete mixing. The substrates generally contributed more to the rheology characteristics of the anaerobic sludge than microbial cells on their own. Trace element-induced process disturbance initially led to the inhibition of specific microbial groups among methanogenic archaea or their syntrophic partners, which later escalated to broader inhibition of many microbial groups due to the accumulation of fermentation products. This resulted in microbial cell washout with a corresponding decrease of the contribution of the cells to anaerobic sludge rheology. A recovery of the thermophilic anaerobic digestion process was possible after the supplementation of selenium and tungsten was increased, resulting in increased propionate turnover rates, growing cell densities, and higher viscosity. Major shifts in the methanogenic community were observed, corresponding to the level of process stability. It could be concluded based on these experiments that the specific effect of microbial cells and their activity on sludge rheology were linked to cell density, which corresponded to process stability. A conceptual scheme was developed based on the studies in this thesis, defining complex interactions between substrate, microbial metabolism, and anaerobic sludge rheology in biogas processes. The possible causes of rheology shifts are visualised and discussed. Med anledning av att antropogena utsläpp av växthusgaser fortsätter att påverka vår miljö negativt, blir det allt viktigare att identifiera och implementera förnybara teknologier. Biogasproduktion, genom anaerob rötning, bidrar till att sammanlänka avfallshantering med förnybar energiomvandling samt möjliggör för cirkulära bioekonomier, avgörande för en hållbar framtid. För att biogas ska utgöra en central roll som förnybar energibärare i samhället måste omfattningen av dess produktion ökas avsevärt. Nya substrat behöver introduceras, samtidigt som den organiska belastningen i existerande biogasreaktorer ökas, med syfte att öka produktionshastigheten. Detta bidrar emellertid till utmaningar avseende att upprätthålla processtabilitet, med ökad risk för processtörningar, inklusive nya typer av problem. Dessa svårigheter kan vara särskilt uttalade när nya, i stort sett otestade substrat, introduceras, vilket leder till ökad heterogenitet av organiskt material till reaktorerna. I tankreaktorer med omrörning (CSTBR), som i nuläget är den vanligast förekommande reaktortypen, kan sådana processförändringar innebära förändringar i reologiska egenskaper hos rötvätskor. Detta kan i sin tur leda till ökad energiförbrukning och lägre omrörningseffektivitet, vilket kan försämra biogasprocessens effektivitet samt bidra till minskad ekonomisk avkastning och minskade miljömässiga vinster. Det råder fortfarande oklarheter gällande reologiska förändringar av rötkammarmaterial i biogasreaktorer, särskilt med avseende på val av substrat i jämförelse med mikroorganismernas roll under varierade betingelser av processtabilitet. Denna avhandling belyser interaktioner mellan typ av substrat, mikrobiella samhällen och deras metaboliska aktivitet och reologiska egenskaper av rötslam. Reologisk karaktärisering av rötvätskor från mesofila och termofila CSTBRs, som rötade ett brett spektrum av substrat, genomfördes. De specifika effekterna av individuella substrattyper på korresponderande rötvätskors reologiska egenskaper och dess implikationer för omrörning undersöktes. För att även kunna bedöma i vilken utsträckning den mikrobiella metabolismen inverkar på rötvätskors reologi, vid olika nivåer av processtörning, genomfördes en fallstudie med spårelement-inducerad inhibering av specifika metaboliska vägar, under mesofila reaktorbetingelser. Denna studie användes för att identifiera sekvensen av olika interaktioner som uppträder i reaktorn när processtörningar uppstår och för att utvärdera hur dessa interaktioner kopplar till förändringar i slamreologi. Slutligen genomfördes en fallstudie av en termofil biogasprocess innefattande karaktärisering av reaktormaterialets reologi i respons till förändringar i processtabilitet orsakad av förändrade spårelementkoncentrationer. I båda dessa fallstudier, möjliggjorde användningen av ett artificiellt substrat utan komplexa polymerer, att mikrobiella effekter på förändringar i rötvätskans reologi kunde studeras frånkopplat effekter av komplexa substrat. Resultaten visade att substrattyp har stor inverkan på hur olika processparametrar korrelerar med rötvätskors reologiska egenskaper. Detta var särskilt tydligt med avseende på andelen totala respektive organiska fasta ämnen, vilka korrelerade väl med reologiska parametrar för rötvätskor från reaktorer som rötade jordbruksrester, avloppsslam, avfall från pappersbruk, respektive matavfall, men ej för rötvätskor från mesofila samrötningsanläggningar. Av de undersökta substrattyperna bidrog rötning av matavfall generellt till anaerobt slam med högst uppmätta värdena för gränsviskositet (dvs när viskositeten blir linjär och konstant vid ökade skjuvhastigheter), medan rötning av avfall från pappersbruk respektive termofil samrötning av olika substrat bidrog till de lägsta värdena för gränsviskoistet. Ingen reologisk vätsketyp kunde tydligt kopplas till en specifik substrattyp, men ökad mängd torrsubstans i rötvästkan kunde generellt associeras med komplexa, icke-newtonska, flödesegenskaper. Skillnaderna i flödesegenskaper motsvarade stora skillnader i behov av omrörningskraft och omrörningseffektivitet. Resultaten indikerade att rötvätskor med höga reologiska värden, exempelvis för konsistensindex (K) eller flytgräns (?0), sannolikt kräver mer energi eller ett anpassat system för effektivare omrörning. Generellt bidrog substratet mer till rötvätskans reologiska egenskaper än de mikrobiella cellerna på egen hand. Inducerad spårämnesbrist i genomfört reaktorförök ledde i början till en hämning av specifika mikrobiella grupper inom metanogena arkéer och deras syntrofa partners, vilket i sin tur bidrog till en bredare hämning av flera mikrobiella grupper orsakad av ackumulering av olika fermentationsprodukter. Detta resulterade i ursköljning av cellbiomassa vilket i sin tur minskade deras effekt på slammets reologiska egenskaper. En återhämtning av den termofila biogasprocessen var möjlig efter ökade tillsatser av spårelementen selen och volfram, vilket resulterade i snabbare omsättning av propionsyra, förhöjd celldensitet och viskositet. Stora förändringar observerades samtidigt inom det metanogena samhället, vilka var kopplade till olika nivåer av processtabilitet. Den specifika effekten av mikroorganismerna och deras aktivitet med avseende på slammens reologiska egenskaper var kopplad till celldensitet, vilket motsvarade processtabiliteten. Ett konceptuellt schema utvecklades baserat på resultat av beskrivna studier för att visualisera komplexa interaktioner mellan substrat, mikrobiell metabolism, och reologi av anaerobt slam i biogasprocesser. De möjliga orsakerna till reologiska förändringar visualiseras och diskuteras.

Pathogen Destruction Efficiency In High Temperature Digestion

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Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843396963
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Pathogen Destruction Efficiency In High Temperature Digestion by : Donald M. D. Gray (Gabb)

Download or read book Pathogen Destruction Efficiency In High Temperature Digestion written by Donald M. D. Gray (Gabb) and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare various thermophilic anaerobic digestion processes for meeting U.S. EPA biosolids Class A pathogen standards. The project was split into three phases. Phase 1 screened three bench-scale thermophilic anaerobic process configurations at three different thermophilic temperatures based on their fecal coliform destruction efficiency. All three of the thermophilic process configurations tested were capable of achieving the Class A fecal coliform standard and were included in Phase 2. In Phase 2, bench-scale anaerobic digesters were fed primary sludge seeded with E.coli, helminth ova, poliovirus, and Salmonella to evaluate pathogen destruction. Two process configurations, the thermophilic single-stage and the two-stage mesophilic acid-phase/thermophilic methane-phase system, met Class A requirements at 50oC. In Phase 3, the single-stage thermophilic anaerobic digestion process was compared to the single-stage mesophilic process at full scale (1.5-MG digesters) based on fecal coliform and pathogen destruction, process performance, digested sludge dewaterability, and odor generation. Pathogen destruction and process performance comparisons of the various process configurations are presented for each phase of the study. Based on the fecal coliform data presented here, an empirical model was developed for quantitatively comparing multiple stage and single-stage thermophilic anaerobic digester performance. The model demonstrates that various combinations of thermophilic temperatures, staging, and residence times can achieve the Class A fecal coliform requirement. This study also suggests that anaerobic digesters operating in the lower thermophilic temperature range (approximately 50?C) are not only capable of achieving Class A requirements but may also produce digested sludges with less odor and lower volatile solids than digesters operating at higher thermophilic temperatures.

Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1)

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Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1900222787
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) by : IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) written by IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-02-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes was created with the aim to produce a generic model and common platform for dynamic simulations of a variety of anaerobic processes. This book presents the outcome of this undertaking and is the result of four years collaborative work by a number of international experts from various fields of anaerobic process technology. The purpose of this approach is to provide a unified basis for anaerobic digestion modelling. It is hoped this will promote increased application of modelling and simulation as a tool for research, design, operation and optimisation of anaerobic processes worldwide. This model was developed on the basis of the extensive but often disparate work in modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion systems over the last twenty years. In developing ADM1, the Task Group have tried to establish common nomenclature, units and model structure, consistent with existing anaerobic modelling literature and the popular activated sludge models (See Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, IWA Publishing, 2000, ISBN: 1900222248). As such, it is intended to promote widespread application of simulation from domestic (wastewater and sludge) treatment systems to specialised industrial applications. Outputs from the model include common process variables such gas flow and composition, pH, separate organic acids, and ammonium. The structure has been devised to encourage specific extensions or modifications where required, but still maintain a common platform. During development the model has been successfully tested on a range of systems from full-scale waste sludge digestion to laboratory-scale thermophilic high-rate UASB reactors. The model structure is presented in a readily applicable matrix format for implementation in many available differential equation solvers. It is expected that the model will be available as part of commercial wastewater simulation packages. ADM1 will be a valuable information source for practising engineers working in water treatment (both domestic and industrial) as well as academic researchers and students in Environmental Engineering and Science, Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Biotechnology, and Chemical and Process Engineering departments. Contents Introduction Nomenclature, State Variables and Expressions Biochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Model Implementation in a Single Stage CSTR Suggested Biochemical Parameter Values, Sensitivity and Estimation Conclusions References Appendix A: Review of Parameters Appendix B: Supplementary Matrix Information Appendix C: Integration with the ASM Appendix D: Estimating Stoichiometric Coefficients for Fermentation Scientific & Technical Report No.13

Anaerobic Digestion

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031693787
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion by : Guangxue Wu

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion written by Guangxue Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Defect-Interface Interactions: Volume 319

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Defect-Interface Interactions: Volume 319 by : Eric Peter Kvam

Download or read book Defect-Interface Interactions: Volume 319 written by Eric Peter Kvam and published by . This book was released on 1994-03-10 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.

Anaerobic Digestion Processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642712150
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion Processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment by : Sandra M. Stronach

Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment written by Sandra M. Stronach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been many significant microbiological, biochemical and technological advances made in the understanding and implementation of anaerobic digestion processes with respect to industrial and domestic wastewater treatment. Elucida tion of the mechanisms of anaerobic degradation has permitted a greater control over the biological parameters of waste conversion and the technical advances achieved have reduced the time and land area requirements and increased the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of the various processes presently in use. By product recovery in the form of utilisable methane gas has become increasingly feasible, while the development of new and superior anaerobic reactor designs with increased tolerance to toxic and shock loadings of concentrated effiuents has established a potential for treating many extremely recalcitrant industrial wastestreams. The major anaerobic bioreactor systems and their applications and limitations are examined here, together with microbiological and biochemical aspects of anaerobic wastewater treatment processes. London, June 1986 S. M. Stronach T. Rudd J. N. Lester v Table of Contents 1 The Biochemistry of Anaerobic Digestion 1 1. 1 Kinetics of Substrate Utilisation and Bacterial Growth 3 1. 1. 1 COD Fluxes and Mean Carbon Oxidation State 3 1. 1. 2 Bacterial Growth and Biokinetics 4 1. 1. 2. 1 Growth and Single Substrate Kinetics 4 1. 1. 2. 2 Multisubstrate Systems . 8 1. 2 Kinetics and Biochemistry of Hydrolysis 8 1. 3 Kinetics and Biochemistry of Fermentation and J1-0xidation . 11 1.

Biological Strategies to Enhance the Anaerobic Digestion Performance: Fundamentals and Process Development

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889719375
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Strategies to Enhance the Anaerobic Digestion Performance: Fundamentals and Process Development by : Shanfei Fu

Download or read book Biological Strategies to Enhance the Anaerobic Digestion Performance: Fundamentals and Process Development written by Shanfei Fu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Process Monitoring in Biogas Plants

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781910154021
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Process Monitoring in Biogas Plants by : Bernhard Drosg

Download or read book Process Monitoring in Biogas Plants written by Bernhard Drosg and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Computational Fluid Dynamics

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Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535137905
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Fluid Dynamics by : Adela Ionescu

Download or read book Computational Fluid Dynamics written by Adela Ionescu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-02-14 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of a careful selection of contributors in the field of CFD. It is divided into three sections according to the purpose and approaches used in the development of the contributions. The first section describes the "high-performance computing" (HPC) tools and their impact on CFD modeling. The second section is dedicated to "CFD models for local and large-scale industrial phenomena." Two types of approaches are basically contained here: one concerns the adaptation from global to local scale, - e.g., the applications of CFD to study the climate changes and the adaptations to local scale. The second approach, very challenging, is the multiscale analysis. The third section is devoted to "CFD in numerical modeling approach for experimental cases." Its chapters emphasize on the numerical approach of the mathematical models associated to few experimental (industrial) cases. Here, the impact and the importance of the mathematical modeling in CFD are focused on. It is expected that the collection of these chapters will enrich the state of the art in the CFD domain and its applications in a lot of fields. This collection proves that CFD is a highly interdisciplinary research area, which lies at the interface of physics, engineering, applied mathematics, and computer science.

The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471468959
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (714 download)

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Book Synopsis The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters by : Michael H. Gerardi

Download or read book The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-09-19 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical degradation process that converts complex organic material, such as animal manure, into methane and other byproducts. Part of the author's Wastewater Microbiology series, Microbiology of Anareboic Digesters eschews technical jargon to deliver a practical, how-to guide for wastewater plant operators.

Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology

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Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 303650222X
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology by : Marcell Nikolausz

Download or read book Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology written by Marcell Nikolausz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Hydrodynamics of Mixed Anaerobic Digester

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Hydrodynamics of Mixed Anaerobic Digester by : Daniel Asrat Balcha

Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Hydrodynamics of Mixed Anaerobic Digester written by Daniel Asrat Balcha and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Non-Newtonian Flow and Applied Rheology

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080564933
Total Pages : 750 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-Newtonian Flow and Applied Rheology by : R. P. Chhabra

Download or read book Non-Newtonian Flow and Applied Rheology written by R. P. Chhabra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-08 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book bridges the gap between the theoretical work of the rheologist, and the practical needs of those who have to design and operate the systems in which these materials are handled or processed. It is an established and important reference for senior level mechanical engineers, chemical and process engineers, as well as any engineer or scientist who needs to study or work with these fluids, including pharmaceutical engineers, mineral processing engineers, medical researchers, water and civil engineers. This new edition covers a considerably broader range of topics than its predecessor, including computational fluid dynamics modelling techniques, liquid/solid flows and applications to areas such as food processing, among others. * Written by two of the world's leading experts, this is the only dedicated non-Newtonian flow reference in print. * Since first publication significant advances have been made in almost all areas covered in this book, which are incorporated in the new edition, including developments in CFD and computational techniques, velocity profiles in pipes, liquid/solid flows and applications to food processing, and new heat/mass transfer methods and models. * Covers both basic rheology and the fluid mechanics of NN fluids ? a truly self-contained reference for anyone studying or working with the processing and handling of fluids

Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes

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Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1900222140
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes by : J. Mata-Alvarez

Download or read book Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes written by J. Mata-Alvarez and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-08-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes is a comprehensive introduction to both the fundamentals and the more practical aspects of the anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes, particularly those derived from households, that is, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). It can be used as a textbook for specialized courses and also as a guide for practitioners. In the first part, the book covers the relevant aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. The fundamentals and kinetic aspects of AD are reviewed with particular emphasis on the aspects related to solid wastes. This introduction is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the AD process and to understand the practical principles as well as the origin of possible problems arising from the management of the process. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role of kinetics in designing the reactor, paying special attention to existing models, particularly the dynamic ones. Through this introduction, it is intended to facilitate the technology transfer from laboratory or pilot plant experiences to full-scale process, in order to implement improvements in current digesters. Laboratory methods are described for the analysis and optimization of reactor performance, such as methanogenic activity tests or experimental evaluation of the biodegradation kinetics of solid organic waste. The different reaction patterns applied to industrial reactors are outlined. Industrial reactors are classified in accordance with the system they use, pointing out advantages and limitations. Co-digestion, enabling the co-treatment of organic wastes of different origin in a more economically feasible way, is described in detail. Examples of co-digestion are given, with OFMSW as a base-substrate. Finally, full-scale co-digestion plants are discussed. Various types (mechanical, biological, physico-chemical) of pre-treatment to increase the biodegradability, and thus the yields of the process, are reviewed in detail. The use of the fermentation products of anaerobic digesters for biological nutrient removal processes in wastewater treatment plants is described. This constitutes an example of integrated waste management, a field in which both economic and technical advances can be achieved. Balances are given to justify the approach, and a full-scale case study is presented. The important topic of economics and the ecological advantages of the process are emphasized. The use of compost, the integration with composting technology, and advantages over other technologies are detailed in the framework of an environmental impact assessment of biowaste treatment. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of MSW in landfills is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on landfill process enhancement and strategies for its application.

Fossil Energy Update

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 826 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Fossil Energy Update by :

Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Membrane Bioreactor Processes

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482255847
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Membrane Bioreactor Processes by : Seong-Hoon Yoon

Download or read book Membrane Bioreactor Processes written by Seong-Hoon Yoon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grasp the Essential Principles of Membrane Bioreactor ProcessesEvolved from the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process, membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes have become the next-generation solution for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment and recycle. Membrane Bioreactor Processes: Principles and Applications explores nearly all the th

Comparative Process Stability and Efficiency of Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (496 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative Process Stability and Efficiency of Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion by : Moonil Kim

Download or read book Comparative Process Stability and Efficiency of Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion written by Moonil Kim and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: