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Altruism Welfare And The Law
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Book Synopsis Altruism, Welfare and the Law by : Charles Foster
Download or read book Altruism, Welfare and the Law written by Charles Foster and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-16 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an assault on the notion that it is empirically accurate and legally and philosophically satisfactory to see humans as atomistic entities. It contends that our welfare is inextricably entangled with that of others, and accordingly law and ethics, in determining our best interests, should recognise the central importance of relationality, the performance of obligations, and (even apparently injurious) altruism.
Book Synopsis Beyond Altruism by : Willard C. Richan
Download or read book Beyond Altruism written by Willard C. Richan and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "When one is dealing with matters like the welfare poor and control of threatening behavior and abuse of young children and teenage pregnancy, there are few neutrals." So begins Willard Richan's challenging new book on social welfare policy. Beyond Altruism proceeds from the assumption that social welfare policy is not formulated in an environment free from politics and special interests. The allocation and redistribution of resources, the setting of policy priorities, and even the licensing of social workers are issues that are highly charged and are of enormous signficance to both the parts and the whole of society.
Book Synopsis Altruism in Law and Economics by : William M. Landes
Download or read book Altruism in Law and Economics written by William M. Landes and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classic example of external benefits is the rescue of the person or property of strangers in high transaction cost settings. To illustrate, A sees a flowerpot about to fall on B's (a stranger's) head; if he shouts, B will be saved. A thus has in his power to confer a considerable benefit on B. The standard economic reaction to a situation in which there are substantial potential external benefits and high transaction costs is to propose legal intervention. In the example given, this would mean either giving A a right to a reward or punishing A if he fails to save B. Either method, we show, is costly and may result in misallocative effects. These objections to using the law to internalize the external benefits of rescue would be much less imposing were it not for altruism, a factor ignored in most discussion of externalities. Altruism may be an inexpensive substitute for costly legal methods of internalizing external benefits, though this depends on the degree of altruism, the costs of rescue, and the benefits to the rescuee. Although the general legal rule is not to reward the rescuer (nor to impose liability), the law recognizes the fragility of altruism and entitles the rescuer to a reward in certain instances. These include rewards to professional rescuers on land (normally a physician) and to rescuers at sea. In both instances the costs of rescue are likely to be sufficiently high to discourage rescue unless the rescuer anticipates compensation.
Book Synopsis The Law of Service by : James Prentice Kelley
Download or read book The Law of Service written by James Prentice Kelley and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Altruism and the British Welfare State by : Robert M. Page
Download or read book Altruism and the British Welfare State written by Robert M. Page and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph on the influence of altruism on British social policy covers such topics as the historic roots of altruism and social welfare in Britain; altruism during and after World War II; and the performance and prospects of the altruistic welfare state.
Book Synopsis Sociobiology and the Law by : John H. Beckstrom
Download or read book Sociobiology and the Law written by John H. Beckstrom and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Does Altruism Exist? by : David Sloan Wilson
Download or read book Does Altruism Exist? written by David Sloan Wilson and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-01 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that altruism is an inherent factor of group functionality and discusses how studying group function can promote positive changes to the human condition.
Book Synopsis Welfare's Forgotten Past by : Lorie Charlesworth
Download or read book Welfare's Forgotten Past written by Lorie Charlesworth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That ‘poor law was law’ is a fact that has slipped from the consciousness of historians of welfare in England and Wales, and in North America. Welfare's Forgotten Past remedies this situation by tracing the history of the legal right of the settled poor to relief when destitute. Poor law was not simply local custom, but consisted of legal rights, duties and obligations that went beyond social altruism. This legal ‘truth’ is, however, still ignored or rejected by some historians, and thus ‘lost’ to social welfare policy-makers. This forgetting or minimising of a legal, enforceable right to relief has not only led to a misunderstanding of welfare’s past; it has also contributed to the stigmatisation of poverty, and the emergence and persistence of the idea that its relief is a 'gift' from the state. Documenting the history and the effects of this forgetting, whilst also providing a ‘legal’ history of welfare, Lorie Charlesworth argues that it is timely for social policy-makers and reformists – in Britain, the United States and elsewhere – to reconsider an alternative welfare model, based on the more positive, legal aspects of welfare’s 400-year legal history.
Book Synopsis The How of Happiness by : Sonja Lyubomirsky
Download or read book The How of Happiness written by Sonja Lyubomirsky and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2007-12-27 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to achieve the happiness you deserve "A guide to sustaining your newfound contentment." —Psychology Today "Lyubomirsky's central point is clear: a significant portion of what is called happiness . . . is up for grabs. Taking some pages out of the positive psychology playbook, she coaches readers on how to snag it." —The New York Review of Books You see here a different kind of happiness book. The How of Happiness is a comprehensive guide to understanding the elements of happiness based on years of groundbreaking scientific research. It is also a practical, empowering, and easy-to-follow workbook, incorporating happiness strategies, excercises in new ways of thinking, and quizzes for understanding our individuality, all in an effort to help us realize our innate potential for joy and ways to sustain it in our lives. Drawing upon years of pioneering research with thousands of men and women, The How of Happiness is both a powerful contribution to the field of positive psychology and a gift to people who have sought to take their happiness into their own hands.
Book Synopsis Effective Altruism by : Hilary Greaves
Download or read book Effective Altruism written by Hilary Greaves and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-12 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first collective study of the thinking behind the effective altruism movement. This movement comprises a growing global community of people who organise significant parts of their lives around the two key concepts represented in its name. Altruism is the idea that if we use a significant portion of the resources in our possession—whether money, time, or talents—with a view to helping others then we can improve the world considerably. When we do put such resources to altruistic use, it is crucial to focus on how much good this or that intervention is reasonably expected to do per unit of resource expended (as a gauge of effectiveness). We can try to rank various possible actions against each other to establish which will do the most good with the resources expended. Thus we could aim to rank various possible kinds of action to alleviate poverty against one another, or against actions aimed at very different types of outcome, focused perhaps on animal welfare or future generations. The scale and organisation of the effective altruism movement encourage careful dialogue on questions that have perhaps long been there, throwing them into new and sharper relief, and giving rise to previously unnoticed questions. In this volume a team of internationally recognised philosophers, economists, and political theorists present refined and in-depth explorations of issues that arise once one takes seriously the twin ideas of altruistic commitment and effectiveness.
Book Synopsis Behavioral Law and Economics by : Eyal Zamir
Download or read book Behavioral Law and Economics written by Eyal Zamir and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic analysis of law: an overview -- Behavioral studies -- An overview of behavioral law and economics -- Normative implications -- Behavioral insights and basic features of the law -- Property law -- Contract law -- Consumer contracts -- Tort law -- Commercial law -- Administrative, constitutional, and international law -- Criminal law and enforcement -- Tax law and redistribution -- Litigants' behavior -- Judicial decision-making -- Evidence law
Book Synopsis Taking Rights Seriously by : Ronald Dworkin
Download or read book Taking Rights Seriously written by Ronald Dworkin and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-10-21 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A landmark work of political and legal philosophy, Ronald Dworkin's Taking Rights Seriously was acclaimed as a major work on its first publication in 1977 and remains profoundly influential in the 21st century. A forceful statement of liberal principles - championing the legal, moral and political rights of the individual against the state - Dworkin demolishes prevailing utilitarian and legal-positivist approaches to jurisprudence. Developing his own theory of adjudication, he applies this to controversial public issues, from civil disobedience to positive discrimination. Elegantly written and cuttingly insightful, Taking Rights Seriously is one of the most important works of public thought of the last fifty years.
Book Synopsis Who Benefits from the Nonprofit Sector? by : Charles T. Clotfelter
Download or read book Who Benefits from the Nonprofit Sector? written by Charles T. Clotfelter and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-10-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over a million nonprofit organizations, from day-care centers and neighborhood churches to major research universities and metropolitan hospitals, are currently relied upon to deliver an array of essential social services. This is in keeping with a historical conviction that private voluntary action, as opposed to government intervention, should address as many of the nation's social needs as possible. But just how much to rely on the nonprofit sector is the question at the center of a growing debate. Critics challenge the assumption that nonprofit organizations have successfully directed much of their benefits toward the poor and disadvantaged - an assumption that has to date justified favorable tax treatment for donations and nonprofit operations. Who Benefits from the Nonprofit Sector? examines all the major elements of the nonprofit sector - health services, educational and research institutions, religious organizations, social services, arts and cultural organizations, and foundations - describing each institution and its function, and then exploring how their benefits are distributed across various economic classes. The book's findings indicate that while few institutions serve primarily the poor, there is no evidence of a gross distribution of benefits upwards toward the more affluent. The source of an institution's funding is also shown to be an important determinant in how its benefits are distributed. They show, for example, that: . Nonprofit nursing homes and drug treatment centers have a lower concentration of Medicaid patients than their for-profit public counterparts do. Twenty-seven percent of social service agencies serve primarily the poor, and the large majority ofthese received most of their income from the federal government. The effective educational subsidy (i.e., cost of education less tuition) per person at both public and private univenities increases with income. The analysis of this data makes for a book with profound implications for future social and tax policy.
Book Synopsis Altruism in Humans by : Charles Daniel Batson
Download or read book Altruism in Humans written by Charles Daniel Batson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2011 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by the world's leading scholar on altruism, and based on decades of research, this landmark work is an authoritative scholarly resource on the theory surrounding altruism and its potential contribution to better interpersonal relations and a greater society. --Book Jacket.
Book Synopsis Cultivating Conscience by : Lynn Stout
Download or read book Cultivating Conscience written by Lynn Stout and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the science of unselfish behavior can promote law, order, and prosperity Contemporary law and public policy often treat human beings as selfish creatures who respond only to punishments and rewards. Yet every day we behave unselfishly—few of us mug the elderly or steal the paper from our neighbor's yard, and many of us go out of our way to help strangers. We nevertheless overlook our own good behavior and fixate on the bad things people do and how we can stop them. In this pathbreaking book, acclaimed law and economics scholar Lynn Stout argues that this focus neglects the crucial role our better impulses could play in society. Rather than lean on the power of greed to shape laws and human behavior, Stout contends that we should rely on the force of conscience. Stout makes the compelling case that conscience is neither a rare nor quirky phenomenon, but a vital force woven into our daily lives. Drawing from social psychology, behavioral economics, and evolutionary biology, Stout demonstrates how social cues—instructions from authorities, ideas about others' selfishness and unselfishness, and beliefs about benefits to others—have a powerful role in triggering unselfish behavior. Stout illustrates how our legal system can use these social cues to craft better laws that encourage more unselfish, ethical behavior in many realms, including politics and business. Stout also shows how our current emphasis on self-interest and incentives may have contributed to the catastrophic political missteps and financial scandals of recent memory by encouraging corrupt and selfish actions, and undermining society's collective moral compass. This book proves that if we care about effective laws and civilized society, the powers of conscience are simply too important for us to ignore.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Economics and the Law by : Eyal Zamir
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Economics and the Law written by Eyal Zamir and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2014 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Economics and Law' brings together leading scholars of law, psychology, and economics to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of this field of research, including its strengths and limitations as well as a forecast of its future development. Its twenty-nine chapters are organized into four parts.
Book Synopsis Doing Good Better by : William MacAskill
Download or read book Doing Good Better written by William MacAskill and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of us want to make a difference. We donate our time and money to charities and causes we deem worthy, choose careers we consider meaningful, and patronize businesses and buy products we believe make the world a better place. Unfortunately, we often base these decisions on assumptions and emotions rather than facts. As a result, even our best intentions often lead to ineffective—and sometimes downright harmful—outcomes. How can we do better? While a researcher at Oxford, trying to figure out which career would allow him to have the greatest impact, William MacAskill confronted this problem head on. He discovered that much of the potential for change was being squandered by lack of information, bad data, and our own prejudice. As an antidote, he and his colleagues developed effective altruism, a practical, data-driven approach that allows each of us to make a tremendous difference regardless of our resources. Effective altruists believe that it’s not enough to simply do good; we must do good better. At the core of this philosophy are five key questions that help guide our altruistic decisions: How many people benefit, and by how much? Is this the most effective thing I can do? Is this area neglected? What would have happened otherwise? What are the chances of success, and how good would success be? By applying these questions to real-life scenarios, MacAskill shows how many of our assumptions about doing good are misguided. For instance, he argues one can potentially save more lives by becoming a plastic surgeon rather than a heart surgeon; measuring overhead costs is an inaccurate gauge of a charity’s effectiveness; and, it generally doesn’t make sense for individuals to donate to disaster relief. MacAskill urges us to think differently, set aside biases, and use evidence and careful reasoning rather than act on impulse. When we do this—when we apply the head and the heart to each of our altruistic endeavors—we find that each of us has the power to do an astonishing amount of good.
