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Algorithms For Purchasing Aids Vaccines
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Book Synopsis Algorithms for Purchasing AIDS Vaccines by : David Bishai
Download or read book Algorithms for Purchasing AIDS Vaccines written by David Bishai and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Demand" for AIDS vaccines varies by level of risk and by national wealth. At-risk individuals in poor countries suffer on both counts. Providing funds to develop and distribute AIDS vaccines should be a global concern.
Book Synopsis Algorithms for Purchasing Aids Vaccines by : David Bishai
Download or read book Algorithms for Purchasing Aids Vaccines written by David Bishai and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for AIDS vaccines varies by level of risk and by national wealth. At-risk individuals in poor countries suffer on both counts. Providing funds to develop and distribute AIDS vaccines should be a global concern.Bishai, Lin, and Kiyonga delineate two different algorithms for the purchase of AIDS vaccines, to show how differences in policy objectives can greatly affect projections of the number of courses of vaccine that will be needed.They consider a hypothetical vaccine costing $10 to produce, and offering 60 percent, 75 percent, and 90 percent reductions in the risk of HIV for 10 years. For each of the world`s 10 major geographic divisions, they use published estimates of the risk of AIDS, the value of medical costs averted, and the value of potential productivity losses.Under the health sector algorithm - in which purchases are made to minimize the impact of AIDS/HIV on government health spending - 766 million courses of vaccine would be purchased. Under the societal algorithm - in which purchases are made to minimize the impact of AIDS/HIV on health spending and GDP - more than 3.7 billion courses of vaccine would be purchased.Under an equity model - allocating vaccines to everyone in the world at high risk as if they had the financial resources of Western Europeans - vaccine would be offered to 4.7 billion people. For a Western European man, reducing the risk of HIV/AIDS would be a $789 concern; in Africa, the comparable risk would be a $48,577 crisis.The authors conclude that financing AIDS vaccines solely on the fixed budget of a ministry of health means large vulnerable populations wouldn't receive the vaccine. Allocating the vaccine based on society's ability to pay would still exclude many poor infants who would probably be immunized if they were born in more developed regions.Policymakers concerned about equity in health care must redouble efforts to making the financing of development and distribution of AIDS vaccines a global, not a regional, concern.This paper was commissioned by the World Bank AIDS Vaccine Task Force, co-chaired by Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group and the Health, Nutrition, and Population Team, Human Development Network. David Bishai may be contacted at [email protected].
Book Synopsis Reducing Structural Dominance and Entry Barriers in Russian Industry by : Harry G. Broadman
Download or read book Reducing Structural Dominance and Entry Barriers in Russian Industry written by Harry G. Broadman and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The absence of new business in Russia is striking. Reforms to make Russia more competitive should start with eliminating regulatory and institutional barriers to the entry of new competitors.
Book Synopsis How Urban Concentration Affects Economic Growth by : J. Vernon Henderson
Download or read book How Urban Concentration Affects Economic Growth written by J. Vernon Henderson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If urban overconcentration really is an issue, it ought to affect economic growth rates in a robust, consistent fashion. And it does. Not only is there an optimal degree of urban concentration that varies with country income, but departures from optimal concentration result in substantial growth losses. Overconcentrated countries can reduce concentration by investing in interregional transport infrastructure, in particular, increasing the density of road networks.
Book Synopsis Give Growth and Macroeconomic Stability in Russia a Chance by : Brian Pinto
Download or read book Give Growth and Macroeconomic Stability in Russia a Chance written by Brian Pinto and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Russia, implicit subsidies amounting to 10 percent of GDP per year in the form of nonpayments have stifled growth, contributed to the August 1998 macroeconomic crisis through their impact on public debt, and made at best a questionable contribution to equity. Hardening budgets requires that these nonpayments - or mutual arrears and noncash settlements among the government, the energy monopolies, and manufacturing firms - be eliminated with energy bills, taxes and budgetary spending settled on time and in cash.
Book Synopsis Optimizing HIV testing algorithms by :
Download or read book Optimizing HIV testing algorithms written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A standardized HIV testing strategy and quality-assured products are critical for accurate diagnosis, while poorly chosen testing algorithms can lead to misdiagnosis. Verification of testing algorithms provides objective evidence, before widespread implementation, that a specific combination of products will accurately diagnose HIV infection, thus reducing the risk of misdiagnosis. The toolkit aims to provide countries with the tools and content needed to effectively conduct a local verification assessment to update national HIV testing algorithms following WHO recommendations on HIV testing strategies. The toolkit consists of (1) a generic assessment protocol that can be adapted and submitted for local ethical clearance; (2) a test selection tool to assist with the selection of WHO prequalified HIV assays based on performance and operational characteristics; (3) a Gantt chart to plan and schedule the different project implementation activities; (4) a general budget required to conduct this assessment; (5) a checklist of test kits, consumables and supplies needed for placing a purchase order and; (6) a database to assist with data analysis.
Book Synopsis Building Subnational Debt Markets in Developing and Transition Economies by : Michel Noël
Download or read book Building Subnational Debt Markets in Developing and Transition Economies written by Michel Noël and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the trend toward decentralization in more than 70 countries where the World Bank is active, subnational entities (states regions, provinces, counties and municipalities, and the local utility companies owned by them) are now responsible for delivering services and investing in infrastructure. And infrastructure investments are growing rapidly to meet increasing urban demand. How should the World Bank Group help?
Book Synopsis Self-targeted Subsidies by : Richard H. Adams
Download or read book Self-targeted Subsidies written by Richard H. Adams and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By gradually reducing the number of subsidized foods, and by focusing subsidies on foods consumed more by the poor than by the rich (like coarse baladi bread) Egyptian policymakers have found a way to self-target food subsidies to the urban poor. Yet because the rural poor do not consume as much baladi bread, this system is not as well-targeted to the rural poor.
Book Synopsis Reducing Structural Dominance and Entry Barriers in Russian Industry by : Harry G. Broadman
Download or read book Reducing Structural Dominance and Entry Barriers in Russian Industry written by Harry G. Broadman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The absence of new business in Russia is striking. Reforms to make Russia more competitive should start with eliminating regulatory and institutional barriers to the entry of new competitors.
Book Synopsis Obstetric Clinical Algorithms by : Errol R. Norwitz
Download or read book Obstetric Clinical Algorithms written by Errol R. Norwitz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-10-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical management algorithms for common and unusual obstetric problems have been developed to help guide practitioners to the best treatment options for patients. In this quick-reference guide, clear diagrams and concise notes show treatment options and evidence for over 80 high-risk obstetric complications, presented in two-page full color spreads to promote quick decision making in time-pressed situations. This new edition includes sections on obesity, late-preterm and early term delivery, and pregnancy termination. As a clinical manual, the book provides guidance to many common and less common obstetric situations in which either the mother or her fetus is at risk. An algorithm for each situation provides obstetric care providers with a step-by-step guide of necessary actions for any given clinical case. Written by internationally renowned experts, Clinical Obstetric Algorithms enables all obstetrics care providers to ensure delivery of a healthy mother and a healthy baby.
Book Synopsis Financial Intermediary Distress in the Republic of Korea by : Paola Bongini
Download or read book Financial Intermediary Distress in the Republic of Korea written by Paola Bongini and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During a systemic financial crisis in Korea, the probability of financial distress was greater for large financial intermediaries (such as commercial banks and merchant banking corporations) than it was for tiny mutual savings and finance companies.
Book Synopsis How the Republic of Korea's Financial Structure Affects the Volatility of Four Asset Prices by : Hong G. Min
Download or read book How the Republic of Korea's Financial Structure Affects the Volatility of Four Asset Prices written by Hong G. Min and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Korea's financial structure affects the volatility of Korea's real effective exchange rate, money market rate, government bond yields, and stock prices.
Book Synopsis The Geography of International Investment by : Howard J. Shatz
Download or read book The Geography of International Investment written by Howard J. Shatz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multinationals have become increasingly important to the world economy. Overseas production by U.S. affiliates is three times U.S. exports, for example. Who is investing where, for sales where?
Book Synopsis Currency Substitution in Latin America by : Pedro Gomis-Porqueras
Download or read book Currency Substitution in Latin America written by Pedro Gomis-Porqueras and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What causes currency substitution (foreign money substituting for domestic money)? What significance has it had in recent banking crises? And what is the relationship between currency conversion and macroeconmic volatility in Latin America?
Book Synopsis Endogenous Enforcement and Effectiveness of China's Pollution Levy System by : Hua Wang
Download or read book Endogenous Enforcement and Effectiveness of China's Pollution Levy System written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How well air and water pollution regulation is implemented depends very much on both the level of economic development and the actual environmental quality. Pollution pricing is closer to the dictates of environmental economics than China's formal regulatory statutes would suggest, and there is considerable scope for using economic instruments to reduce China's industrial pollution problems.
Book Synopsis Pollution Charges, Community Pressure, and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China by : Hua Wang
Download or read book Pollution Charges, Community Pressure, and Abatement Cost of Industrial Pollution in China written by Hua Wang and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community pressure may be as strong an incentive for industrial firms to control pollution in China as pollution levies are.
Book Synopsis Globalization ans firms financing choices by :
Download or read book Globalization ans firms financing choices written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
