Air Quality Effects Of Alternative Fuels

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Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution

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Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309046319
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

Book Synopsis Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution by : National Research Council

Download or read book Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite more than 20 years of regulatory efforts, concern is widespread that ozone pollution in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, threatens the health of humans, animals, and vegetation. This book discusses how scientific information can be used to develop more effective regulations to control ozone. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution discusses: The latest data and analysis on how tropospheric ozone is formed. How well our measurement techniques are functioning. Deficiencies in efforts to date to control the problem. Approaches to reducing ozone precursor emissions that hold the most promise. What additional research is needed. With a wealth of technical information, the book discusses atmospheric chemistry, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ozone formation, monitoring and modeling the formation and transport processes, and the potential contribution of alternative fuels to solving the tropospheric ozone problem. The committee discusses criteria for designing more effective ozone control efforts. Because of its direct bearing on decisions to be made under the Clean Air Act, this book should be of great interest to environmental advocates, industry, and the regulatory community as well as scientists, faculty, and students.

Fuels to Drive Our Future

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Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309041422
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

Book Synopsis Fuels to Drive Our Future by : National Research Council

Download or read book Fuels to Drive Our Future written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American love affair with the automobile is powered by gasoline and diesel fuel, both produced from petroleum. But experts are turning more of their attention to alternative sources of liquid transportation fuels, as concerns mount about U.S. dependence on foreign oil, falling domestic oil production, and the environment. This book explores the potential for producing liquid transportation fuels by enhanced oil recovery from existing reservoirs, and processing resources such as coal, oil shale, tar sands, natural gas, and other promising approaches. Fuels to Drive Our Future draws together relevant geological, technical, economic, and environmental factors and recommends specific directions for U.S. research and development efforts on alternative fuel sources. Of special interest is the book's benchmark cost analysis comparing several major alternative fuel production processes. This volume will be of special interest to executives and engineers in the automotive and fuel industries, policymakers, environmental and alternative fuel specialists, energy economists, and researchers.

WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality

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Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241548878
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

Book Synopsis WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality by : World Health Organization

Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2014 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Built on existing WHO indoor air quality guidelines for specific pollutants, these guidelines bring together the most recent evidence on fuel use, emission and exposure levels, health risks, intervention impacts and policy considerations, to provide practical recommendations to reduce this health burden.

The Power of Renewables

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Author : Chinese Academy of Engineering
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309160006
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

Book Synopsis The Power of Renewables by : Chinese Academy of Engineering

Download or read book The Power of Renewables written by Chinese Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States and China are the world's top two energy consumers and, as of 2010, the two largest economies. Consequently, they have a decisive role to play in the world's clean energy future. Both countries are also motivated by related goals, namely diversified energy portfolios, job creation, energy security, and pollution reduction, making renewable energy development an important strategy with wide-ranging implications. Given the size of their energy markets, any substantial progress the two countries make in advancing use of renewable energy will provide global benefits, in terms of enhanced technological understanding, reduced costs through expanded deployment, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to conventional generation from fossil fuels. Within this context, the U.S. National Academies, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), reviewed renewable energy development and deployment in the two countries, to highlight prospects for collaboration across the research to deployment chain and to suggest strategies which would promote more rapid and economical attainment of renewable energy goals. Main findings and concerning renewable resource assessments, technology development, environmental impacts, market infrastructure, among others, are presented. Specific recommendations have been limited to those judged to be most likely to accelerate the pace of deployment, increase cost-competitiveness, or shape the future market for renewable energy. The recommendations presented here are also pragmatic and achievable.

Clearer Skies Over China

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Author : Chris P. Nielsen
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262315424
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

Book Synopsis Clearer Skies Over China by : Chris P. Nielsen

Download or read book Clearer Skies Over China written by Chris P. Nielsen and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking U.S.–Chinese inquiry into the effects of recent air pollution controls and prospective carbon taxes on China's economy and environment. China's carbon dioxide emissions now outstrip those of other countries and its domestic air quality is severely degraded, especially in urban areas. Its sheer size and its growing, fossil-fuel-powered economy mean that China's economic and environmental policy choices will have an outsized effect on the global environmental future. Over the last decade, China has pursued policies that target both fossil fuel use and atmospheric emissions, but these efforts have been substantially overwhelmed by the country's increasing energy demands. With a billion citizens still living on less than $4,000 per year, China's energy and environmental policies must be reconciled with the goals of maintaining economic growth and raising living standards. This book, a U.S.–Chinese collaboration of experts from Harvard and Tsinghua University, offers a groundbreaking integrated analysis of China's economy, emissions, air quality, public health, and agriculture. It first offers essential scientific context and accessible summaries of the book's policy findings; it then provides the underlying scientific and economic research. These studies suggest that China's recent sulfur controls achieved enormous environmental health benefits at unexpectedly low costs. They also indicate that judicious implementation of carbon taxes could reduce not only China's carbon emissions but also its air pollution more comprehensively than current single-pollutant policies, all at little cost to economic growth.

Health Effects of Transport-related Air Pollution

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Author : Michal Krzyzanowski
Publisher : WHO Regional Office Europe
ISBN 13 : 9289013737
Total Pages : 205 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (89 download)

Book Synopsis Health Effects of Transport-related Air Pollution by : Michal Krzyzanowski

Download or read book Health Effects of Transport-related Air Pollution written by Michal Krzyzanowski and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 2005 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diseases related to the air pollution caused by road transport affect tens of thousands of people in the WHO Europe region each year. This publication considers the policy challenges involved in the need to reduce the related risks to public health and the environment, whilst meeting socio-economic requirements for effective transport systems. It sets out a systematic review of the literature and a comprehensive evaluation of the health hazards of transport-related air pollution, including factors determining emissions, the contribution of traffic to pollution levels, human exposure and the results of epidemiological and toxicological studies to identify and measure the health effects, and suggestions for policy actions and further research.

WHO global air quality guidelines

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Author : Weltgesundheitsorganisation
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9240034226
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

Book Synopsis WHO global air quality guidelines by : Weltgesundheitsorganisation

Download or read book WHO global air quality guidelines written by Weltgesundheitsorganisation and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In addition, the guidelines provide interim targets to guide reduction efforts of these pollutants, as well as good practice statements for the management of certain types of PM (i.e., black carbon/elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, particles originating from sand and duststorms). These guidelines are not legally binding standards; however, they provide WHO Member States with an evidence-informed tool, which they can use to inform legislation and policy. Ultimately, the goal of these guidelines is to help reduce levels of air pollutants in order to decrease the enormous health burden resulting from the exposure to air pollution worldwide.

Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility

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Author : Wael Al-Delaimy
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030311252
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

Book Synopsis Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility by : Wael Al-Delaimy

Download or read book Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility written by Wael Al-Delaimy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-13 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book not only describes the challenges of climate disruption, but also presents solutions. The challenges described include air pollution, climate change, extreme weather, and related health impacts that range from heat stress, vector-borne diseases, food and water insecurity and chronic diseases to malnutrition and mental well-being. The influence of humans on climate change has been established through extensive published evidence and reports. However, the connections between climate change, the health of the planet and the impact on human health have not received the same level of attention. Therefore, the global focus on the public health impacts of climate change is a relatively recent area of interest. This focus is timely since scientists have concluded that changes in climate have led to new weather extremes such as floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and fires, in turn leading to more than 600,000 deaths and the displacement of nearly 4 billion people in the last 20 years. Previous work on the health impacts of climate change was limited mostly to epidemiologic approaches and outcomes and focused less on multidisciplinary, multi-faceted collaborations between physical scientists, public health researchers and policy makers. Further, there was little attention paid to faith-based and ethical approaches to the problem. The solutions and actions we explore in this book engage diverse sectors of civil society, faith leadership, and political leadership, all oriented by ethics, advocacy, and policy with a special focus on poor and vulnerable populations. The book highlights areas we think will resonate broadly with the public, faith leaders, researchers and students across disciplines including the humanities, and policy makers.

The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska

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Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309182751
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

Book Synopsis The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Ongoing Challenge of Managing Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Fairbanks, Alaska written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-22 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon monoxide (CO) is a toxic air pollutant produced largely from vehicle emissions. Breathing CO at high concentrations leads to reduced oxygen transport by hemoglobin, which has health effects that include impaired reaction timing, headaches, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, clouding of consciousness, coma, and, at high enough concentrations and long enough exposure, death. In recognition of those health effects, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as directed by the Clean Air Act, established the health-based National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for CO in 1971. Most areas that were previously designated as "nonattainment" areas have come into compliance with the NAAQS for CO, but some locations still have difficulty in attaining the CO standards. Those locations tend to have topographical or meteorological characteristics that exacerbate pollution. In view of the challenges posed for some areas to attain compliance with the NAAQS for CO, congress asked the National Research Council to investigate the problem of CO in areas with meteorological and topographical problems. This interim report deals specifically with Fairbanks, Alaska. Fairbanks was chosen as a case study because its meteorological and topographical characteristics make it susceptible to severe winter inversions that trap CO and other pollutants at ground level.

Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research

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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309440998
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

Book Synopsis Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.

WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality

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Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

Book Synopsis WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality by :

Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.

For Greener Skies

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Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309169631
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

Book Synopsis For Greener Skies by : National Research Council

Download or read book For Greener Skies written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-24 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each new generation of commercial aircraft produces less noise and fewer emissions per passenger-kilometer (or ton-kilometer of cargo) than the previous generation. However, the demand for air transportation services grows so quickly that total aircraft noise and emissions continue to increase. Meanwhile, federal, state, and local noise and air quality standards in the United States and overseas have become more stringent. It is becoming more difficult to reconcile public demand for inexpensive, easily accessible air transportation services with concurrent desires to reduce noise, improve local air quality, and protect the global environment against climate change and depletion of stratospheric ozone. This situation calls for federal leadership and strong action from industry and government. U.S. government, industry, and universities conduct research and develop technology that could help reduce aircraft noise and emissions-but only if the results are used to improve operational systems or standards. For example, the (now terminated) Advanced Subsonic Technology Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) generally brought new technology only to the point where a system, subsystem model, or prototype was demonstrated or could be validated in a relevant environment. Completing the maturation process-by fielding affordable, proven, commercially available systems for installation on new or modified aircraft-was left to industry and generally took place only if industry had an economic or regulatory incentive to make the necessary investment. In response to this situation, the Federal Aviation Administration, NASA, and the Environmental Protection Agency, asked the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board of the National Research Council to recommend research strategies and approaches that would further efforts to mitigate the environmental effects (i.e., noise and emissions) of aviation. The statement of task required the Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Environmental Compatibility to assess whether existing research policies and programs are likely to foster the technological improvements needed to ensure that environmental constraints do not become a significant barrier to growth of the aviation sector.

Air Pollution and Alternative Fuels

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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

Book Synopsis Air Pollution and Alternative Fuels by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce

Download or read book Air Pollution and Alternative Fuels written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Non-Exhaust Emissions

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Author : Fulvio Amato
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128117516
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

Book Synopsis Non-Exhaust Emissions by : Fulvio Amato

Download or read book Non-Exhaust Emissions written by Fulvio Amato and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Exhaust Emissions: An Urban Air Quality Problem for Public Health comprehensively summarizes the most recent research in the field, also giving guidance on research gaps and future needs to evaluate the health impact and possible remediation of non-exhaust particle emissions. With contributions from some of the major experts and stakeholders in air quality, this book comprehensively defines the state-of-the-art of current knowledge, gaps and future needs for a better understanding of particulate matter (PM) emissions, from non-exhaust sources of road traffic to improve public health. PM is a heterogeneous mix of chemical elements and sources, with road traffic being the major source in large cities. A significant part of these emissions come from non-exhaust processes, such as brake, tire, road wear, and road dust resuspension. While motor exhaust emissions have been successfully reduced by means of regulation, non-exhaust emissions are currently uncontrolled and their importance is destined to increase and become the dominant urban source of particle matter by 2020. Nevertheless, current knowledge on the non-exhaust emissions is still limited. This is an essential book to researchers and advanced students from a broad range of disciplines, such as public health, toxicology, atmospheric sciences, environmental sciences, atmospheric chemistry and physics, geochemistry, epidemiology, built environment, road and vehicle engineering, and city planning. In addition, European and local authorities responsible for air quality and those in the industrial sectors related to vehicle and brake manufacturing and technological remediation measures will also find the book valuable. - Acts as the first book to explore the health impacts of non-exhaust emissions - Authored by experts from several sectors, including academia, industry and policy - Gathers the relevant body of literature and information, defining the current knowledge, gaps and future needs

Urbanization, Energy, and Air Pollution in China

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Author : Chinese Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309182123
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

Book Synopsis Urbanization, Energy, and Air Pollution in China by : Chinese Academy of Sciences

Download or read book Urbanization, Energy, and Air Pollution in China written by Chinese Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-04 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In October 2003, a group of experts met in Beijing under the auspices of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, and National Academy of Engineering (NAE)/National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies to continue a dialogue and eventually chart a rational course of energy use in China. This collection of papers is intended to introduce the reader to the complicated problems of urban air pollution and energy choices in China.

World Energy Outlook 2016

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Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher : Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development
ISBN 13 : 9789264264946
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (649 download)

Book Synopsis World Energy Outlook 2016 by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Download or read book World Energy Outlook 2016 written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest World Energy Outlook offers the most comprehensive analysis of what this transformation of the energy sector might look like, thanks to its energy projections to 2040. It reviews the key opportunities and challenges ahead for renewable energy, the central pillar of the low- carbon energy transition, as well as the critical role for energy efficiency.

Alternative Fuels

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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

Book Synopsis Alternative Fuels by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection

Download or read book Alternative Fuels written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: