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Affordability
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Book Synopsis A Guide to Impact Fees and Housing Affordability by : Arthur C. Nelson
Download or read book A Guide to Impact Fees and Housing Affordability written by Arthur C. Nelson and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impact fees are one-time charges that are applied to new residential developments by local governments that are seeking funds to pay for the construction or expansion of public facilities, such as water and sewer systems, schools, libraries, and parks and recreation facilities. In the face of taxpayer revolts against increases in property taxes, impact fees are used increasingly by local governments throughout the U.S. to finance construction or improvement of their infrastructure. Recent estimates suggest that 60 percent of all American cities with over 25,000 residents use some form of impact fees. In California, it is estimated that 90 percent of such cities impose impact fees. For more than thirty years, impact fees have been calculated based on proportionate share of the cost of the infrastructure improvements that are to be funded by the fees. However, neither laws nor courts have ensured that fees charged to new homes are themselves proportionate. For example, the impact fee may be the same for every home in a new development, even when homes vary widely in size and selling price. Data show, however, that smaller and less costly homes have fewer people living in them and thus less impact on facilities than larger homes. This use of a flat impact fee for all residential units disproportionately affects lower-income residents. The purpose of this guidebook is to help practitioners design impact fees that are equitable. It demonstrates exactly how a fair impact fee program can be designed and implemented. In addition, it includes information on the history of impact fees, discusses alternatives to impact fees, and summarizes state legislation that can infl uence the design of local fee programs. Case studies provide useful illustrations of successful programs. This book should be the first place that planning professionals, public officials, land use lawyers, developers, homebuilders, and citizen activists turn for help in crafting (or recrafting) proportionate-share impact fee programs.
Book Synopsis Pursuing Quality, Access, and Affordability by : Stephen C. Ehrmann
Download or read book Pursuing Quality, Access, and Affordability written by Stephen C. Ehrmann and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether they recognize it or not, virtually all colleges and universities face three GrandChallenges:·Improve the learning outcomes of a higher education: A large majority of college graduates are weak in capabilities that faculty and employers both see as crucial.·Extend more equitable access to degrees: Too often, students from underserved groups and poor households either don’t enter college or else drop out without a degree. The latter group may be worse off economically than if they’d never attempted college.·Make academic programs more affordable (in money and time) for students and other important stakeholder groups: Many potential students believe they lack the money or time needed for academic success. Many faculty believe they don’t have time to make their courses and degree programs more effective. Many institutions believe they can’t afford to improve outcomes.These challenges are global. But, in a higher education system such as that in the United States, the primary response must be institutional. This book analyzes how, over the years, six pioneering colleges and universities have begun to make visible, cumulative progress on all three fronts.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309468086 Total Pages :235 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Making Medicines Affordable by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Making Medicines Affordable written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.
Book Synopsis Understanding Affordability by : Meen, Geoffrey
Download or read book Understanding Affordability written by Meen, Geoffrey and published by Bristol University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many younger and lower-income people, housing affordability continues to worsen. Based on the academic research of two distinguished housing economists – and stimulated by working with governments across the world - this wide-ranging book sets out clear theoretical and empirical frameworks to tackle one of today’s most important socio-economic issues. Housing unaffordability arises from complex forces and a prerequisite to effective policy is understanding the causes of rising house prices and rents and the interactions between housing, housing finance and the macroeconomy. The authors challenge many of the conventional wisdoms in housing policy and offer innovative recommendations to improve affordability.
Book Synopsis Understanding Affordability by : Geoffrey Meen
Download or read book Understanding Affordability written by Geoffrey Meen and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many younger and lower-income people, housing affordability continues to worsen. Based on the academic research of two distinguished housing economists – and stimulated by working with governments across the world - this wide-ranging book sets out clear theoretical and empirical frameworks to tackle one of today’s most important socio-economic issues. Housing unaffordability arises from complex forces and a prerequisite to effective policy is understanding the causes of rising house prices and rents and the interactions between housing, housing finance and the macroeconomy. The authors challenge many of the conventional wisdoms in housing policy and offer innovative recommendations to improve affordability.
Book Synopsis Information for States on Developing Affordability Criteria for Drinking Water by :
Download or read book Information for States on Developing Affordability Criteria for Drinking Water written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Affordability by : Paul Walter Odomirok, Sr.
Download or read book Affordability written by Paul Walter Odomirok, Sr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Affordability is a new concept that allows the implementation of Continuous Improvement for any organization. It encapsulates contemporary methods that improve product and service profitability, increases market share, value, speed, quality and capability, and cuts down on cost. This new method addresses the needs of growing, improving, and sustaining an organization. It provides a framework and foundation for launching improvement initiatives, deploying continuous improvement, and maintaining the cultural habits and behaviors required to continue such efforts. Case studies from a variety of industries, businesses, and institutions are provided.
Book Synopsis Housing Affordability: A New Dataset by : Nina Biljanovska
Download or read book Housing Affordability: A New Dataset written by Nina Biljanovska and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-12 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid increase in house prices in the past few years, including during the COVID-19 pandemic, raises concerns about housing affordability. The price-to-income ratio is a widely-used indicator of affordability, but does not take into account important factors such as the cost of financing. The aim of this paper is to construct a measure of housing affordability that takes these factors into account for a large set of countries and long period of time. The resulting dataset covers an unbalanced panel of 40 countries over the period from 1970Q1 to 2021Q4. For each country, the index measures the extent to which a median-income household can qualify for a mortgage loan to purchase an average-priced home. To gauge the performance of the constructed indices, we compare them to other readily-available mesures of affordability and examine the evolution of the indices over time to understand the relevant drivers, including in a regression analysis to assess the extent to which government housing programs could contribute to improving affordability.
Book Synopsis Strengthening Latvia’s Housing Affordability Fund by : OECD
Download or read book Strengthening Latvia’s Housing Affordability Fund written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2023-06-15 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Latvian government established the Housing Affordability Fund in mid-2022, a long-term self-sustaining financing model to channel investment into affordable housing. The fund is now being scaled up to ensure lasting impact on the Latvian housing market. This report identifies options for institutional arrangements, funding and financing opportunities, and operational tools to achieve this aim.
Book Synopsis The measurement and monitoring of water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) affordability by :
Download or read book The measurement and monitoring of water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) affordability written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-05-03 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309380804 Total Pages :151 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Affordability of National Flood Insurance Program Premiums by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Affordability of National Flood Insurance Program Premiums written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Congress authorized the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in 1968, it intended for the program to encourage community initiatives in flood risk management, charge insurance premiums consistent with actuarial pricing principles, and encourage the purchase of flood insurance by owners of flood prone properties, in part, by offering affordable premiums. The NFIP has been reauthorized many times since 1968, most recently with the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (BW 2012). In this most recent reauthorization, Congress placed a particular emphasis on setting flood insurance premiums following actuarial pricing principles, which was motivated by a desire to ensure future revenues were adequate to pay claims and administrative expenses. BW 2012 was designed to move the NFIP towards risk-based premiums for all flood insurance policies. The result was to be increased premiums for some policyholders that had been paying less than NFIP risk-based premiums and to possibly increase premiums for all policyholders. Recognition of this possibility and concern for the affordability of flood insurance is reflected in sections of the Homeowner Flood Insurance Affordability Act of 2014 (HFIAA 2014). These sections called on FEMA to propose a draft affordability framework for the NFIP after completing an analysis of the efforts of possible programs for offering "means-tested assistance" to policyholders for whom higher rates may not be affordable. BW 2012 and HFIAA 2014 mandated that FEMA conduct a study, in cooperation with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, which would compare the costs of a program of risk-based rates and means-tested assistance to the current system of subsidized flood insurance rates and federally funded disaster relief for people without coverage. Production of two reports was agreed upon to fulfill this mandate. This second report proposes alternative approaches for a national evaluation of affordability program policy options and includes lessons for the design of a national study from a proof-of-concept pilot study.
Book Synopsis Accessibility and Affordability of Tertiary Education in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Puru Within a Global Context by :
Download or read book Accessibility and Affordability of Tertiary Education in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Puru Within a Global Context written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Promoting Rental Housing Affordability in European Cities by : Marco Peverini
Download or read book Promoting Rental Housing Affordability in European Cities written by Marco Peverini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-20 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates policies for the promotion of housing affordability in the rental sector of attractive cities in Europe. Affordability links the housing situation to the economic situation of households, referring to conditions of access to housing and to the role of housing in determining poverty or wealth. The book examines the current affordability crisis and frames it in the ongoing process of urban restructuring and devolution of welfare. From the perspective of the Foundational Economy, the book calls for a proactive and effective role of public administrations in making the rental sector an affordable and stable alternative to housing financialization and commodification. By intertwining theory construction and real-world data collected through case studies in Milan and Vienna, the book provides an original framework for the analysis of public policies that promote rental affordability in a multi-level setting. Through the analysis, it highlights critical nodes of the different (housing, urban, and social) policy domains at stake in the promotion of rental affordability in attractive cities. The book proposes a shift from the currently dominant supply-side argument to an integrated, intersectoral and multi-scalar policy system for making cities more affordable.
Author :Margot Freeman Saunders Publisher :American Water Works Association ISBN 13 :0898679125 Total Pages :302 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (986 download)
Book Synopsis Water Affordability Programs by : Margot Freeman Saunders
Download or read book Water Affordability Programs written by Margot Freeman Saunders and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1998 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Malaysian Housing Affordability by : Santha Vaithilingam
Download or read book Malaysian Housing Affordability written by Santha Vaithilingam and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-12-16 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Housing affordability remains a concern for Malaysia and there is a growing mismatch between supply and demand. Affordability needs to be examined not just through the lens of price and income, but also the connectivity and access to amenities of affordable developments. The future supply of affordable homes should match the requirements of buyers and strike a balance between the cost of supply and the value of demand.
Book Synopsis Housing Affordability and Housing Investment Opportunity in Australia by : Muharem Karamujic
Download or read book Housing Affordability and Housing Investment Opportunity in Australia written by Muharem Karamujic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-18 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contrary to other developed economies, Australia has experienced a long-term deterioration in housing affordability even between housing price booms. The house price boom that came after the global financial crisis has intensified the stress on Australian housing affordability to yet higher levels, and is likely to continue to be a concern for some time to come. This book reviews a range of available approaches for the measurement of housing affordability, and examines recent empirical evidence on housing affordability in Australia. It begins by explaining the relevance of housing to governments at different levels, the emergence of the housing affordability problem, and the global importance of housing affordability. It then explores the causes of the recent explosion in the number of institutions offering home loan products, analysing features such as the size, composition and changes in total lending and home lending in Australia. The author goes on to investigate the consequences of the two most recent rounds of financial deregulation, as well as the trends in interest rate and property prices, and recent changes in typical borrower behaviour. The book concludes by reviewing a range of available approaches in the measurement of housing affordability. It assesses whether there is a level of adjustment in housing affordability, and finally analyses which housing market segment represents the better investment opportunity during housing boom periods.
Book Synopsis Housing Affordability and Housing Policy in Urban China by : Zan Yang
Download or read book Housing Affordability and Housing Policy in Urban China written by Zan Yang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-25 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive analysis of housing affordability under the economic reforms and social transformations in urban China. It also offers an overall review of the current government measures on the housing market and affordable housing policies in China. By introducing a dynamic affordability approach and residual income approach, the book allows us to capture the size of the affordability gap more accurately, to better identify policy targets, and to assess the effectiveness of current public policy. The unique database on urban household surveys and regional information on affordable housing projects serve to strengthen the analysis. The book offers theoretical and empirical insights for in-depth affordability studies and helps readers to understand the social impacts of market reforms and the role of government on the Chinese housing market.
