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Advanced Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging To Study The Physiopathology Of Multiple Sclerosis
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Book Synopsis Advanced Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Study the Physiopathology of Multiple Sclerosis by : Guillaume Bonnier
Download or read book Advanced Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Study the Physiopathology of Multiple Sclerosis written by Guillaume Bonnier and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thèse. Biologie. Médecine. 2015
Book Synopsis Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Nicole Seiberlich
Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches
Book Synopsis Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Multiple Sclerosis by : M. Filippi
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Multiple Sclerosis written by M. Filippi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have witnessed dramatic advances in the development and use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that can provide quantitative measures with some degree of pathological specificity for the heterogeneous substrates of multiple sclerosis (MS). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is one of the most promising of these techniques. Thanks to MRS, axonal damage is no longer considered an end-stage phenomenon typical of only the most destructive lesions and the most unfortunate cases, but rather as a major component of the MS pathology of lesions and normal-appearing white matter at all the phases of the disease. This new concept is rapidly changing our understanding of MS pathophysiology and, as a consequence, the therapeutic strategies to modify the disease course favorably. Many of the authors have pionereed the use of MRS in MS, thus contributing to the foundation of the "axonal hypothesis".
Book Synopsis Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cortical Multiple Sclerosis Pathology by : Christine Lucas Tardif
Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cortical Multiple Sclerosis Pathology written by Christine Lucas Tardif and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Frontiers of MR-based Techniques in Multiple Sclerosis by : Massimo Filippi
Download or read book New Frontiers of MR-based Techniques in Multiple Sclerosis written by Massimo Filippi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few years there have been impressive advances in the implementation of modern MRI techniques for the assessment of MS patients with the ultimate goal to define MRI markers of MS evolution. The authors of this volume not only review these new techniques, such as magnetization transfer (MT) MRI, diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI and proton MR spectroscopy (MRS), that are increasingly being used to monitor MS evolution, but also those, such as functional MRI (fMRI), cell-specific MRI, perfusion MRI, and microscopic imaging with ultra-high field MRI, that are emerging as additional promising tools for improving our understanding of MS pathophysiology. Strengths and weaknesses of all these modern quantitative MRI techniques for the study of MS are extensively covered in this book. The book also provides a valuable summary of the state of the art.
Book Synopsis Magnetic Resonance Techniques in Clinical Trials in Multiple Sclerosis by : M. Filippi
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Techniques in Clinical Trials in Multiple Sclerosis written by M. Filippi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have entered an exciting period in the study of multiple sclerosis and its treatment. Central to this progress has been the introduction of magnetic reso nance techniques. When Young and his colleagues published the first images of the brain in multiple sclerosis at the end of 1981, it was at once obvious that magnetic resonance imaging would playa major role in diagnosis. Intuitively one felt that it would also have a role in increasing our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and in monitoring treatment. And so it has proved. Important problems however remain, perhaps the most important of which at present is the weak predictive power of standard magnetic resonance ima ging methods in determining the possibility of progression of impairment and disability. Recently, there have been advances which promise to overcome some of these problems, but decisions about what approach to adopt in selecting patients for clinical trials and which techniques to use in monitoring treatment during their course are still difficult. In this book, Dr. Filippi and his colleagues have assembled an outstanding group of contributors whose work is central to the progress that is being made. The coverage of the issues involved in the use of magnetic resonance techniques in assessing therapeutic effect is comprehensive and, though the field is chan ging rapidly, the principles and much of the detail in the book are likely to have lasting value.
Book Synopsis The Use of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques to Study the Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis and Its Response to Treatment by : Allyson Parry
Download or read book The Use of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques to Study the Pathology of Multiple Sclerosis and Its Response to Treatment written by Allyson Parry and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Magnetic Resonance in Multiple Sclerosis by : David H. Miller
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance in Multiple Sclerosis written by David H. Miller and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-07-17 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy are powerful tools for demonstrating and monitoring pathological processes of the brain and spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a common and as yet incurable disease of the brain and spinal cord, is being studied intensively using these techniques. They perform a major role in facilitating the diagnosis, understanding the mechanisms of symptoms, and monitoring the effect of new treatments. Written by experts in the field, this extensively illustrated text provides a comprehensive review of the benefits and limitations of MR in the study of MS. Coverage ranges through the contributions of MR, the variety of techniques available, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, MR as a predictor of the clinical course, MR views of pathophysiology, and finally monitoring new treatment efficacy.
Book Synopsis Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis by : M. Filippi
Download or read book Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis written by M. Filippi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by world-renowned scientists, the volume provides a state-of-the-art on the most recent MRI techniques related to MS, and it is an indispensable tool for all those working in this field. The context in which this book exists is that there is an increasing perception that modern MR methodologies should be more extensively employed in clinical trials to derive innovative information.
Book Synopsis Gradient Echo-based Quantitative Myelin Water Imaging by : Eva Alonso Ortiz
Download or read book Gradient Echo-based Quantitative Myelin Water Imaging written by Eva Alonso Ortiz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality for the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, diagnosis of MS often involves qualitative interpretation of images that, although highly sensitive, are not particularly specific to the underlying pathology. Advanced quantitative MRI methods could greatly benefit the study of both normal myelin development and its pathological degradation in diseases such as MS where it could aid in diagnosis as well as treatment monitoring. The challenge is that the MRI signal from myelin itself decays too quickly for direct detection using conventional imaging methods. An alternative to direct myelin imaging is to image myelin-associated water. This approach is called myelin water imaging (MWI). A number of MRI acquisition techniques have been proposed for MWI, the most thoroughly researched is the Multi-Echo Spin-Echo (MESE) method. Unfortunately, conventional MESE has a long acquisition time (5-10 minutes for 1 slice), severely limiting its clinical applicability. Several alternatives have been proposed, including the Multi-Gradient Recalled-Echo (MGRE) technique. The first goal of this thesis was to improve the performance of the MGRE-based approach to MWI in areas of the brain that experience large field inhomogeneities, where myelin water metrics exhibit significant errors. To address this issue, we developed an algorithm that corrects MGRE data, acquired specifically for the purpose of MWI, for the effects of macroscopic magnetic field inhomogeneities. The second goal was to evaluate the impact of myelin's orientation-dependent magnetic susceptibility on MGRE-based MWI. This was done by simulating realistic white matter signals and then evaluating different fitting models to estimate myelin water. To conclude this work, we compared the MGRE and MESE techniques in the same subject group, to assess whether the two methods are in agreement. Overall, this thesis shows that the MGRE-based technique for MWI is highly promising and time efficient, and could potentially replace MESE-MWI." --
Book Synopsis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies in Multiple Sclerosis by : Luc L.A. Truyen
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies in Multiple Sclerosis written by Luc L.A. Truyen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An experimental and clinical study of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis by : David Barnes
Download or read book An experimental and clinical study of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis written by David Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multiple Sclerosis by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-08-10 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and often disabling disease of the nervous system, affecting about 1 million people worldwide. Even though it has been known for over a hundred years, no cause or cure has yet been discovered-but now there is hope. New therapies have been shown to slow the disease progress in some patients, and the pace of discoveries about the cellular machinery of the brain and spinal cord has accelerated. This book presents a comprehensive overview of multiple sclerosis today, as researchers seek to understand its processes, develop therapies that will slow or halt the disease and perhaps repair damage, offer relief for specific symptoms, and improve the abilities of MS patients to function in their daily lives. The panel reviews existing knowledge and identifies key research questions, focusing on: Research strategies that have the greatest potential to understand the biological mechanisms of recovery and to translate findings into specific strategies for therapy. How people adapt to MS and the research needed to improve the lives of people with MS. Management of disease symptoms (cognitive impairment, depression, spasticity, vision problems, and others). The committee also discusses ways to build and financially support the MS research enterprise, including a look at challenges inherent in designing clinical trials. This book will be important to MS researchers, research funders, health care advocates for MS research and treatment, and interested patients and their families.
Book Synopsis Echoes of Pathology by : Hugo Vrenken
Download or read book Echoes of Pathology written by Hugo Vrenken and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis by : M Filippi
Download or read book Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis written by M Filippi and published by . This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is an up-to-date report of the most recent advances in the research on primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) - a variant of MS - and of the considerable progress made in understanding it. The reviews, written by leading scientists in this field, clearly demonstrate that the advances in understanding the natural history, pathophysiology, pathogenesis and pathology of PPMS are being extended by ongoing studies of the MS plaque and normal appearing white matter using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic techniques. This confluence of thought provides insight into possible disease mechanisms.
Book Synopsis Quantitatively Studying Tissue Damage in Multiple Sclerosis Using Gradient Recalled Echo MRI Sequences by : Biao Xiang (Chemist)
Download or read book Quantitatively Studying Tissue Damage in Multiple Sclerosis Using Gradient Recalled Echo MRI Sequences written by Biao Xiang (Chemist) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an unpredictable, often disabling disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain the body. MS is the most common progressive neurologic disease of young adults, affecting approximately 2.3 million people worldwide. It is estimated that more than 700,000 individuals are affected by MS in United States. While MS has been studied for decades, the cause of it is still not definite and a fully effective treatment for MS is not yet available. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used extensively in MS diagnosis and for monitoring disease. Clinical T1W, T2W and Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) images are able to detect focal WM lesions with high accuracy and are used in MS diagnosis. However, standard clinical MRI lacks specificity to MS pathology and correlates only modestly with MS disability. Many studies have been devoted to the development and experimental validation of quantitative methods sensitive to myelin damage (hallmark of MS), primarily by means of multiexponential T2 imaging of water trapped between myelin layers, magnetization transfer (MT) and diffusion tensor imaging. These techniques have not gained traction in clinical practice, prompting searches for novel, more pathologically specific and efficient approaches. In this thesis, two novel MRI techniques developed in our lab, quantitative Gradient Recalled Echo (qGRE) and Multi-Angular-Relaxometry of Tissue (SMART), were used to quantitatively study MS tissue damage. Our qGRE technique (which is an advanced version of GEPCI -- gradient echo plural contrast imaging) is based on quantitative measurements of the transverse relaxation properties of the Gradient Recalled Echo (GRE) MRI signal. This quantitative qGRE approach allows estimation of tissue damage in MS lesions and normal appearing WM and GM. An innovative qGRE method of data analysis allows separation of tissue-cellular-specific (R2t* relaxation rate constant) from Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) contributions to the total GRE MRI signal decay rate constant (R2*). Since BOLD effect causes variations in MRI signal that occur with physiological state-dependent changes in blood flow and/or oxygen consumption, the R2t* values more specifically reflect the tissue-cellular component of R2*. The tissue-cellular-specific (R2t*) MRI relaxation parameter depends on the environment of water molecules (the main source of MRI signal): higher concentrations of proteins, lipids, and other constituents of biological tissue and cellular constituents (sources of MRI signal relaxation) leading to higher relaxation rate constants. Our results showed that R2t* can sensitively detect MS-related pathology in cortical NAGM, subcortical NAWM and WM lesions. The method demonstrated tissue damage patterns in the CNS of the MS cohort. Our data shed light on the interrelationships of damage throughout the brain and cervical spinal cord, while supporting the idea of MS as a global CNS disease. In addition, our data demonstrated that while spinal cord CSA is a reliable marker for changes in motor functions, the reduction in the R2t* of GM and WM is a reliable indicator of cognitive dysfunction. The SMART technique is also based on a GRE MRI sequence (but with multiple flip angles) and a model of GRE signal that accounts for cross-relaxation effects between "free" and "bound" water proton pools. Importantly, no MT pulses are used in SMART approach, thus overcoming high RF energy deposition associated with existing qMT approaches for evaluation of tissue macromolecular content. From a single protocol this technique can generate quantitative macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) images along with naturally co-registered quantitative images of longitudinal (R1=1/T1) and transverse (R2*=1/T2*) signal relaxation rate constants, and spin density. The SMART technique allows quantitative assessments of central nervous system (CNS) simultaneously using several tissue contrasts. Our results showed that the SMART metrics can distinguish progressive MS from relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and correlate with clinical assessments. Without applying either MT or 180° radiofrequency pulses, SMART MRI generates high resolution quantitative images with various contrasts, and is safe for high-field MRI, making it a useful outcome measure in clinical trials
Book Synopsis Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord by : Julien Cohen-Adad
Download or read book Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord written by Julien Cohen-Adad and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-01-16 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord is the first book focused on quantitative MRI techniques with specific application to the human spinal cord. This work includes coverage of diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, relaxometry, functional MRI, and spectroscopy. Although these methods have been successfully used in the brain for the past 20 years, their application in the spinal cord remains problematic due to important acquisition challenges (such as small cross-sectional size, motion, and susceptibility artifacts). To date, there is no consensus on how to apply these techniques; this book reviews and synthesizes state-of-the-art methods so users can successfully apply them to the spinal cord. Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord introduces the theory behind each quantitative technique, reviews each theory's applications in the human spinal cord and describes its pros and cons, and suggests a simple protocol for applying each quantitative technique to the spinal cord. - Chapters authored by international experts in the field of MRI of the spinal cord - Contains "cooking recipes—examples of imaging parameters for each quantitative technique—designed to aid researchers and clinicians in using them in practice - Ideal for clinical settings
