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Access To High Income Countries And Product Innovation
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Book Synopsis Access to High-Income Countries and Product Innovation by : Wenshuang Yu
Download or read book Access to High-Income Countries and Product Innovation written by Wenshuang Yu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, I study the effect of access to markets in high-income countries on firms' product innovation in developing countries. To do so, I exploit a reform that exogenously increased market access for firms in the world's largest developing country, China. Applying an instrumental variables strategy to rich firm-level administrative data, I show that exporting to high-income countries leads firms to innovate new products. These gains were driven primarily by privately-owned firms. My estimates show that a ten percentage point increase in market access to richer countries caused a 1.8 percentage point increase in product innovation for privately-owned firms. These effects are induced by the increase in revenue produced by exporting to high-income countries.
Book Synopsis Access to Finance, Product Innovation and Middle-Income Traps by : Pierre-Richard Agénor
Download or read book Access to Finance, Product Innovation and Middle-Income Traps written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper studies interactions between access to finance, product innovation, and labor supply in a two-period overlapping generations model with an endogenous skill distribution and credit market frictions. In the model lack of access to finance (induced by high monitoring costs) has an adverse effect on innovation activity not only directly but also indirectly, because too few individuals may choose to invest in skills. If monitoring costs fall with the number of successful projects, multiple equilibria may emerge, one of which, a middle-income trap, characterized by low wages in the design sector, a low share of the labor force engaged in innovation activity, and low growth. A sufficiently ambitious policy aimed at alleviating constraints on access to finance by innovators may allow a country to move away from such a trap by promoting the production of ideas and improving incentives to invest in skills"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development by : Arkebe Oqubay
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development written by Arkebe Oqubay and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrialization supported by industrial hubs has been widely associated with structural transformation and catch-up. But while the direct economic benefits of industrial hubs are significant, their value lies first and foremost in their contribution as incubators of industrialization, production and technological capability, and innovation. The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development adopts an interdisciplinary approach to examine the conceptual underpinnings, review empirical evidence of regions and economies, and extract pertinent lessons for policy reasearchers and practitioners on the key drivers of success and failure for industrial hubs. This Handbook illustrates the diverse and complex nature of industrial hubs and shows how they promote industrialization, economic structural transformation, and technological catch-up. It explores the implications of emerging issues and trends such as environmental protection and sustainability, technological advancement, shifts in the global economy, and urbanization.
Book Synopsis Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation - Intersections between Public Health, Intellectual Property and Trade by : World Intellectual Property Organization
Download or read book Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation - Intersections between Public Health, Intellectual Property and Trade written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2013 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has emerged from an ongoing program of trilateral cooperation between WHO, WTO and WIPO. It responds to an increasing demand, particularly in developing countries, for strengthened capacity for informed policy-making in areas of intersection between health, trade and IP, focusing on access to and innovation of medicines and other medical technologies.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Regional Innovation and Growth by : Philip Cooke
Download or read book Handbook of Regional Innovation and Growth written by Philip Cooke and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, economic growth is widely understood to be conditioned by productivity increases which are, in turn, profoundly affected by innovation. This volume explores these key relationships between innovation and growth, bringing together experts from both fields to compile a unique Handbook. The Handbook considers innovation from fresh perspectives, encompassing topics such as services innovation, inward investment and innovation, creative industry innovation and green innovation. It is divided into seven sections, dealing with regional innovation and growth theory, dynamics, evolution, agglomeration, innovation 'worlds', innovation system institutions, and innovation governance and policy. This definitive compendium on regional innovation and growth will undoubtedly appeal to teachers, students, researchers and practitioners of innovation and growth dynamics worldwide.
Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Ensuring Quality to Gain Access to Global Markets by : Martin Kellermann
Download or read book Ensuring Quality to Gain Access to Global Markets written by Martin Kellermann and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a modern world with rapidly growing international trade, countries compete less based on the availability of natural resources, geographical advantages, and lower labor costs and more on factors related to firms' ability to enter and compete in new markets. One such factor is the ability to demonstrate the quality and safety of goods and services expected by consumers and confirm compliance with international standards. To assure such compliance, a sound quality infrastructure (QI) ecosystem is essential. Jointly developed by the World Bank Group and the National Metrology Institute of Germany, this guide is designed to help development partners and governments analyze a country's quality infrastructure ecosystems and provide recommendations to design and implement reforms and enhance the capacity of their QI institutions.
Book Synopsis Leveraging Data Science for Global Health by : Leo Anthony Celi
Download or read book Leveraging Data Science for Global Health written by Leo Anthony Celi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book explores ways to leverage information technology and machine learning to combat disease and promote health, especially in resource-constrained settings. It focuses on digital disease surveillance through the application of machine learning to non-traditional data sources. Developing countries are uniquely prone to large-scale emerging infectious disease outbreaks due to disruption of ecosystems, civil unrest, and poor healthcare infrastructure – and without comprehensive surveillance, delays in outbreak identification, resource deployment, and case management can be catastrophic. In combination with context-informed analytics, students will learn how non-traditional digital disease data sources – including news media, social media, Google Trends, and Google Street View – can fill critical knowledge gaps and help inform on-the-ground decision-making when formal surveillance systems are insufficient.
Book Synopsis Harnessing Public Research for Innovation in the 21st Century by : Anthony Arundel
Download or read book Harnessing Public Research for Innovation in the 21st Century written by Anthony Arundel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to maximizing the impact of work done at public research institutions and universities to boost innovation and growth.
Download or read book Innovation Policy written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-05-25 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a detailed conceptual framework for understanding and learning about technology innovation policies and programs, and their implementation in the context of different countries.
Book Synopsis New Frontiers in the Philosophy of Intellectual Property by : Annabelle Lever
Download or read book New Frontiers in the Philosophy of Intellectual Property written by Annabelle Lever and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-05 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the justification of patents, copyrights and trademarks in light of the political controversy over the TRIPS agreement.
Book Synopsis Research for Universal Health Coverage by : Christopher Dye
Download or read book Research for Universal Health Coverage written by Christopher Dye and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The World Health Report: research for universal health coverage" focuses on the importance of research in advancing progress towards universal health coverage. In addition, it identifies the benefits of increased investment in health research by low- and middle-income countries using case studies from around the world, and proposes ways to further strengthen this type of research.
Book Synopsis Product Innovation by Incumbent Firms in Developing Economies: the Roles of Research and Development Expenditures, Trade Policy, and the Investment Climate by : Daniel Lederman
Download or read book Product Innovation by Incumbent Firms in Developing Economies: the Roles of Research and Development Expenditures, Trade Policy, and the Investment Climate written by Daniel Lederman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A model of firm innovation illustrates the effects of the threat of imitation and product varieties on a representative firm's decision to invest in research and development to produce new product varieties. The model motivates two empirical questions: (1) Is research and development partially correlated with firms' propensity to introduce new products or product innovation in developing countries? (2) Do trade policies and the national investment climate affect firms' propensity for product innovation? The econometric evidence suggests that the answers are yes and yes, but the investment climate affects product innovation in a manner that is consistent with the presence of market failures and state capture. National trade-policy distortions appear to reduce the probability of product innovation, and the density of exporting firms at the national level also seems to positively affect the propensity to introduce new products by individual firms. The paper discusses some policy implications.
Book Synopsis Global Cardiac Surgery Capacity Development in Low and Middle Income Countries by : Jacques Kpodonu
Download or read book Global Cardiac Surgery Capacity Development in Low and Middle Income Countries written by Jacques Kpodonu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a focused resource on how cardiac surgery capacity can be developed and how it assists in the sustainable development and strengthening of associated health systems. Background is provided on the extent of the problems that are experienced in many nations with suggestions for how suitable frameworks can be developed to improve cardiac healthcare provision. Relevant aspects of governance, financial modelling and disease surveillance are all covered. Guidance is also given on how to found and nurture cardiac surgery curriculum and residency programs. Global Cardiac Surgery Capacity Development in Low and Middle Income Countries provides a practically applicable resource on how to treat cardiac patients with limited resources. It identifies the key challenges and presents strategies on how these can be managed, therefore making it a critical tool for those involved in this field.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation by : Célestin Monga
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation written by Célestin Monga and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation addresses the economics of structural transformation around the world. It deals with major themes, which include history and context, critical issues and concepts, methodological foundations, main theoretical approaches, policy issues, some illuminating country experiences of structural transformation, and important debates on the respective roles of the market and the state in that process. The historical record provides a challenge for economists to understand the success of the rising economic powers (some of them initially considered unlikely candidates for prosperity) and the stagnation or decline of others. Five major questions emerge: DT Why has so much divergence occurred among nations of the world since the Industrial Revolution, and particularly during the 20th century? DT Why has the pattern changed recently with the emergence of a few developing economies (e.g. the multi-polar world), and can it be sustained? DT What are the key drivers, strategies, and policies, to foster structural transformation in various different country contexts and in a constantly evolving global economy? DT How could low- and middle-income countries avoid development traps and learn from past experiences whilst exploiting the new opportunities offered by the Fourth Industrial Revolution? DT What is the role of various development stakeholders and other important players in facilitating sustained economic convergence among nations? This book addresses these questions, bringing the rigor, usefulness, and multi-disciplinary scope of the Oxford Handbook series to a critical topic in economics. The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation is an essential reference work and a stimulus to new research and creativity across all branches of the social sciences.
Book Synopsis Globalization, Economic Growth and Innovation Dynamics by : Paul J.J. Welfens
Download or read book Globalization, Economic Growth and Innovation Dynamics written by Paul J.J. Welfens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-10-19 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the new global economy, more countries have opened up to international competition and rapid capital flows. However, in the triad the process of globalization is rather asymmetric. With a rising role of multinational companies there are favorable prospects for higher global growth and economic catching-up, respectively. Theoretical analysis suggests key ingredients of sustained growth, but there is also a new concept of a long-term equilibrium income gap in which convergence is rather unlikely. The analysis also picks up European and US labor market issues in the context of economic globalization and raises the question of which EU policies in the field of labor market reform and of innovation policies are adequate.
Book Synopsis Happiness, Technology and Innovation by : Gaël Brulé
Download or read book Happiness, Technology and Innovation written by Gaël Brulé and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-27 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book asks what kind of impacts innovations and technology have on subjective well-being and happiness. It presents the state of the art both in terms of results and theoretical questioning on these topics. It proposes a new concept: innovation that leads to greater happiness, and highlights new research in this area. In so doing, it addresses a less researched area in the field of well-being research. The authors state that notwithstanding the indisputable positive contributions of innovation and technology, there are also drawbacks, which need equal attention in research. This book is of interest to students and researchers of quality of life and well-being, as well as innovation research.
