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Acceleration Mechanisms For Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays
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Book Synopsis Acceleration Mechanisms for Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays by : Ahmed Saleh
Download or read book Acceleration Mechanisms for Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Ahmed Saleh and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery and detection of ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) of energy up to 10 DEGREES20 eV have posed a serious challenge to the astrophysicists about their origin as well as the physical acceleration mechanisms. Some theoretical approaches in the past assuming elastic scatterings of cosmic charged particles with magnetic clouds then developed by assuming the presence of shock waves originated from supernova remnant succeeded to explain the existence of energies up to 10 DEGREES15 eV. The assumption of particle-electromagnetic field interaction with constant fields succeeded to interpret the possibility of finding cosmic particles of energies up to 10 DEGREES20 eV. From the astrophysical plasma aspects, the interaction of cosmic charged particles with the time varying magnetic field, like that present in the magnetosphere of pulsar and magnetar, as potent sources can lead to higher energies. Moreover, the coupling of the cosmic charged particle-spatially varying electromagnetic field interaction and the well-known Fermi mechanisms furnish a reasonable theoretical approach to interpret the existence of UHECRs of ener
Book Synopsis Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and Monte Carlo Simulation by : Umananda Dev Goswami
Download or read book Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and Monte Carlo Simulation written by Umananda Dev Goswami and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of cosmic rays by Victor Hess in 1912, it has contributed immensely to understand many fundamental problems in physics. However the problems related with high energy cosmic rays sources and acceleration mechanisms are not solved yet. The source and acceleration mechanism of UHE cosmic rays is still a mystery. There is a glorious possibility that in the UHE cosmic ray interactions the Higgs bosons may produce by thermofield mechanism. It has been established that other heavy short lived particles like charmed hadrons are produced in the high energy cosmic rays interactions. So cosmic rays provide a useful mechanisms to study the high or ultra high energy particle interactions, that are beyond the capability of the human made accelerators. To study the high or ultra high energy cosmic rays in the different perspectives it is very much essential to use Monte Carlo simulation technique, which is a technique of doing virtual experiment based on probability distributions. In this work Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to study few ultra high energy cosmic ray phenomena and the primary particle detection by an unconventional method.
Book Synopsis Constraining Sources of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays and Shear Acceleration Mechanism of Particles in Relativistic Jets by : Ruoyu Liu
Download or read book Constraining Sources of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays and Shear Acceleration Mechanism of Particles in Relativistic Jets written by Ruoyu Liu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Energy Astrophysics by : Malcolm S. Longair
Download or read book High Energy Astrophysics written by Malcolm S. Longair and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-03 with total page 885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing students with an in-depth account of the astrophysics of high energy phenomena in the Universe, the third edition of this well-established textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in high energy astrophysics. Building on the concepts and techniques taught in standard undergraduate courses, this textbook provides the astronomical and astrophysical background for students to explore more advanced topics. Special emphasis is given to the underlying physical principles of high energy astrophysics, helping students understand the essential physics. The third edition has been completely rewritten, consolidating the previous editions into one volume. It covers the most recent discoveries in areas such as gamma-ray bursts, ultra-high energy cosmic rays and ultra-high energy gamma rays. The topics have been rearranged and streamlined to make them more applicable to a wide range of different astrophysical problems.
Book Synopsis Plasma Wake Field Acceleration for Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Rays by :
Download or read book Plasma Wake Field Acceleration for Ultra High-Energy Cosmic Rays written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Coherent Acceleration of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and the Galactic Dynamo by :
Download or read book The Coherent Acceleration of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays and the Galactic Dynamo written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to accelerate cosmic rays to ultra high energy,>10[sup 18] ev, requires that the step size in energy in a diffusive process be very much larger than occurs in galactic or extra galactic hydrodynamic mechanisms where [Delta]E/F [approximately] v/c[approximately]1/300 per step. This step size requires>10[sup 5] scatterings per doubling in energy (the shock mechanism) and therefore
Book Synopsis Physics and Astrophysics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays by : M. Lemoine
Download or read book Physics and Astrophysics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays written by M. Lemoine and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physics and Astrophysics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays by : M. Lemoine
Download or read book Physics and Astrophysics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays written by M. Lemoine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-14 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International School on Physics and Astrophysics of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR2000) was held at the Observatoire de Paris–Meudon on June 26-29, 2000. This was the ?rst international school speci?cally dedicated to ultra high energy cosmic rays. Its aim was to familiarize with and attract students, physicists and astronomers into this quickly developing newresearch ?eld. The mysterious and currently unknown origin of the most energetic par- cles observed in Nature has triggered in recent years theoretical speculations ranging from electromagnetic acceleration to as yet undiscovered physics - yond the Standard Model. It has also lead to the development of several new detection concepts and experimental projects, some of which are currently - der construction. By its nature, the ?eld of ultra high energy cosmic rays is therefore highly interdisciplinary and borrows from astrophysics and cosmology, via particle physics, to experimental physics and observational astronomy. One main aspect of the school was to emphasize and take advantage of this interd- ciplinarity. The lectures were grouped into subtopics and are reproduced in this volume in the following order: After a general introductory lecture on cosmic rays follow two contributions on experimental detection techniques, followed by three lectures on acceleration in astrophysical objects. The next four contri- tions cover all major aspects of propagation and interactions of ultra high energy radiation, including speculative issues such as newinteractions.
Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays, Supernova, and the Origin of Ultrahigh Energy Particles by :
Download or read book Cosmic Rays, Supernova, and the Origin of Ultrahigh Energy Particles written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The acceleration of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, greater than or equal to10/sup 15 -20/ eV, is still an unsolved problem in high-energy astrophysics. The now classical mechanism of stochastic acceleration of cosmic rays in a strong shock in the interstellar or intergalactic medium is limited in time and dimension for all likely acceleration sites, particularly for the highest energies. Acceleration of cosmic rays across a plasma shock of velocity, .beta./sub s/ (.beta./sub s/ = v/sub shock//c), requires 1/.beta./sub s/ number of crossings and therefore (1/.beta./sub s/)2 number of scatterings for doubling the energy of a particle. This requires a space of the order of 1/.beta./sub s/ x the scattering length, or a multiple of the Larmor radius and hence, the space requirements to cosmic ray acceleration are very many Larmor orbits in dimension, as well as times that are larger by (1/.beta./sub s/)2 x t/sub Larmor/. The acceleration of cosmic rays by the shock in the envelope of a Type 1 supernova is reviewed, and the interaction of the accelerated matter with the nearby ISM is considered. The spectrum of relativistic ejected matter is preferentially trapped in the ISM. Further acceleration of each energy group should take place in both the near relativistic shock wave and the compression by the following matter. The possible acceleration of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays in the accretion disk of a near-stationery magnetic neutron star such as Cyg-X3 is another strong possibility. Here the diffusion of magnetic flux radially outwards opposite to the viscous diffusion of mass radially inwards is considered as a likely topology for a unipolar generator acceleration of ultrahigh energy particles.
Book Synopsis High Energy Radiation from Black Holes by : Charles D. Dermer
Download or read book High Energy Radiation from Black Holes written by Charles D. Dermer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-21 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bright gamma-ray flares observed from sources far beyond our Milky Way Galaxy are best explained if enormous amounts of energy are liberated by black holes. The highest- energy particles in nature--the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays--cannot be confined by the Milky Way's magnetic field, and must originate from sources outside our Galaxy. Understanding these energetic radiations requires an extensive theoretical framework involving the radiation physics and strong-field gravity of black holes. In High Energy Radiation from Black Holes, Charles Dermer and Govind Menon present a systematic exposition of black-hole astrophysics and general relativity in order to understand how gamma rays, cosmic rays, and neutrinos are produced by black holes. Beginning with Einstein's special and general theories of relativity, the authors give a detailed mathematical description of fundamental astrophysical radiation processes, including Compton scattering of electrons and photons, synchrotron radiation of particles in magnetic fields, photohadronic interactions of cosmic rays with photons, gamma-ray attenuation, Fermi acceleration, and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism for energy extraction from rotating black holes. The book provides a basis for graduate students and researchers in the field to interpret the latest results from high-energy observatories, and helps resolve whether energy released by rotating black holes powers the highest-energy radiations in nature. The wide range of detail will make High Energy Radiation from Black Holes a standard reference for black-hole research.
Book Synopsis Ultra-high Energy Particle Astrophysics by : Shigeru Yoshida
Download or read book Ultra-high Energy Particle Astrophysics written by Shigeru Yoshida and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many kinds of radiation exist in the universe, including photons and particles with a wide range of energies. Some of the radiation is produced in stars and galaxies, and some is cosmological background radiation, a relic from the history of cosmic evolution. Among all this radiation, the most energetic are cosmic ray particles: nucleons, nuclei, and even extremely energetic gamma rays. There are some observational facts about cosmic rays to give suggestions on their origin. The most important one among them is that the energy spectrum of high energy cosmic rays above 10 GeV (where the magnetic field of the sun is no longer a concern) is well represented by a power law form. This indicates cosmic ray particles are products of non-thermal processes. Their energy extends over more than 13 decades from 107 eV up to 1020 eV. In terms of its structure, the spectrum can be divided into three regions: two 'knees' and one 'ankle'. The first 'knee' appears around 3×1015 eV where the spectral power law index changes from -2.7 to -3.0. The second 'knee' is somewhere between 1017 eV and 1018 eV where the spectral slope changes from -3.0 to around -3.3. The 'ankle' is seen at or after 3×1018 eV. Above that energy the spectral slope is around -2.7, but with a large uncertainty because of poor statistics and resolution. This book deals with the final and most energetic population, the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs).
Book Synopsis Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics by : Pierre Sokolsky
Download or read book Introduction To Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Physics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-03-08 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic ray physics has recently attracted a great deal of attention from the high energy physics community because of the discovery of new sources and the advent of new techniques. The result of a series of lectures prepared for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, this book is a general introduction to experimental techniques and results in the field of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. It succinctly summarizes the rapidly developing field, and provides modern results that include data from newer detectors. Combining experiment and theory, the text explores the results of a single, easy-to-understand experiment to tie together various issues involved in the physics of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays.
Book Synopsis Very High Energy Cosmic Gamma Radiation by : Felix A. Aharonian
Download or read book Very High Energy Cosmic Gamma Radiation written by Felix A. Aharonian and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma ray astronomy, the branch of high energy astrophysics that studies the sky in energetic ?-ray photons, is destined to play a crucial role in the exploration of nonthermal phenomena in the Universe in their most extreme and violent forms. The great potential of this discipline offers impressive coverage of many OC hot topicsOCO of modern astrophysics and cosmology, such as the origin of galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays, particle acceleration and radiation processes under extreme astrophysical conditions, and the search for dark matter."
Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics by : Thomas K. Gaisser
Download or read book Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics written by Thomas K. Gaisser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over recent years there has been marked growth in interest in the study of techniques of cosmic ray physics by astrophysicists and particle physicists. Cosmic radiation is important for the astrophysicist because in the farther reaches of the universe. For particle physicists, it provides the opportunity to study neutrinos and very high energy particles of galactic origin. More importantly, cosmic rays constitue the background, and in some cases possibly the signal, for the more exotic unconfirmed hypothesized particles such as monopoles and sparticles. Concentrating on the highest energy cosmic rays, this book describes where they originate, acquire energy, and interact, in accreting neutron stars, supernova remnants, in large-scale shock waves. It also describes their interactions in the atmosphere and in the earth, how they are studied in surface and very large underground detectors, and what they tell us.
Book Synopsis The ubiquitous mechanism accelerating cosmic rays at all the energies by : Antonio Codino
Download or read book The ubiquitous mechanism accelerating cosmic rays at all the energies written by Antonio Codino and published by Società Editrice Esculapio. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanism accelerating Cosmic rays in the milky way galaxy and galaxy clusters is identified and described. The acceleration of Cosmic rays is a purely electrostatic process which operate up to the maximum energies of 1023 ev in galaxy clusters. Galactic Cosmic rays are accelerated in a pervasive electrostatic field active in the whole galaxy except in restricted regions shielded by Interstellar and stellar plasma as, for instance, the region occupied by the Solar system. It is proved that the Energy spectrum of the Cosmic radiation in the milky way galaxy, in the region where the Solar system resides, has a constant Spectral index comprised between 2.64-2.68 and the maximum energies of galactic protons are 3.0 × 1019 ev. The agreement of these results with the experimental data is discussed in detail and highlighted. The various physical processes that maintain the stability of the electrostatic structure in the milky way galaxy are the same that generate the galactic magnetic field. Accordingly, the intensity, orientation and direction of the galactic magnetic field are evaluated. The results of the calculation are compared with the observation data, optical and mostly radio astronomi data. The accord of the intensity, orientation and direction of the observed magnetic field with calculation is excellent.
Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics by : Thomas K. Gaisser
Download or read book Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics written by Thomas K. Gaisser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-02 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully updated for the second edition, this book introduces the growing and dynamic field of particle astrophysics. It provides an overview of high-energy nuclei, photons and neutrinos, including their origins, their propagation in the cosmos, their detection on Earth and their relation to each other. Coverage is expanded to include new content on high energy physics, the propagation of protons and nuclei in cosmic background radiation, neutrino astronomy, high-energy and ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, sources and acceleration mechanisms, and atmospheric muons and neutrinos. Readers are able to master the fundamentals of particle astrophysics within the context of the most recent developments in the field. This book will benefit graduate students and established researchers alike, equipping them with the knowledge and tools needed to design and interpret their own experiments and, ultimately, to address a number of questions concerning the nature and origins of cosmic particles that have arisen in recent research.
Book Synopsis Magnetowave Induced Plasma Wakefield Acceleration for Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays by :
Download or read book Magnetowave Induced Plasma Wakefield Acceleration for Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetowave induced plasma wakefield acceleration (MPWA) in a relativistic astrophysical outflow has been proposed as a viable mechanism for the acceleration of cosmic particles to ultrahigh energies. Here we present simulation results that clearly demonstrate the viability of this mechanism for the first time. We invoke the high frequency and high speed whistler mode for the driving pulse. The plasma wakefield obtained in the simulations compares favorably with our newly developed relativistic theory of the MPWA. We show that, under appropriate conditions, the plasma wakefield maintains very high coherence and can sustain high-gradient acceleration over hundreds of plasma skin depths. Invoking active galactic nuclei as the site, we show that MPWA production of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays beyond ZeV (1021 eV) is possible.
