AA Women in Architecture, 1917-2017

Download AA Women in Architecture, 1917-2017 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781907896910
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (969 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis AA Women in Architecture, 1917-2017 by : Elizabeth Darling

Download or read book AA Women in Architecture, 1917-2017 written by Elizabeth Darling and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction / Elizabeth Darling & Lynne Walker ; Chapter 1: An irresistible movement / Lynne Walker ; Chapter 2: Becoming truly alive / Elizabeth Darline ; Chapter 3: A collection of scimitar minds / Gillian Darley ; Chapter 4: Beyond the drawing board / Edward Bottoms ; Chapter 5: Why are there so few women architects? / Elain Harwood ; Chapter 6: A transnational assemblage / Rachel Lee ; Chapter 7: The antipodean diaspora, 1920-2000 / Julie Willis & Karen Burns ; Chapter 8: Tributaries, flow and an extraordinary alchemy / Rosa Ainley ; Epilogue: Diagram of relative positions / Helen Thomas ; Appendix

Women Architects and Politics

Download Women Architects and Politics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : transcript Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3839456304
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (394 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Women Architects and Politics by : Mary Pepchinski

Download or read book Women Architects and Politics written by Mary Pepchinski and published by transcript Verlag. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1960s, the feminist scholar Kate Millet broadly defined »politics« as arrangements of power which enable individuals collectively to assert authority over others. Taking this definition, case studies by scholars from Europe, Israel and the United States explore the gendered professional in the 20th century as she navigated arrangements of power including organised religion, emancipation movements, cultural norms and shifting forms of government to practice architecture. Additional contributions reflect upon power structures in contemporary architectural education, practice and history to propose other means of architectural knowledge, representation and professional activity.

The Routledge Companion to Women in Architecture

Download The Routledge Companion to Women in Architecture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000387364
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to Women in Architecture by : Anna Sokolina

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Women in Architecture written by Anna Sokolina and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Companion to Women in Architecture illuminates the names of pioneering women who over time continue to foster, shape, and build cultural, spiritual, and physical environments in diverse regions around the globe. It uncovers the remarkable evolution of women’s leadership, professional perspectives, craftsmanship, and scholarship in architecture from the preindustrial age to the present. The book is organized chronologically in five parts, outlining the stages of women’s expanding engagement, leadership, and contributions to architecture through the centuries. It contains twenty-nine chapters written by thirty-three recognized scholars committed to probing broader topographies across time and place and presenting portraits of practicing architects, leaders, teachers, writers, critics, and other kinds of professionals in the built environment. The intertwined research sets out debates, questions, and projects around women in architecture, stimulates broader studies and discussions in emerging areas, and becomes a catalyst for academic programs and future publications on the subject. The novelty of this volume is in presenting not only a collection of case studies but in broadening the discipline by advancing an incisive overview of the topic as a whole. It is an invaluable resource for architectural historians, academics, students, and professionals.

Women in Architecture

Download Women in Architecture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hatje Cantz Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3775748571
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (757 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Women in Architecture by : Ursula Schwitalla

Download or read book Women in Architecture written by Ursula Schwitalla and published by Hatje Cantz Verlag. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Warum erhalten Architektinnen nicht die Anerkennung, die ihr Werk verdient? Women in Architecture ist ein Manifest für die großartigen Leistungen von Frauen in der Architektur. 36 international tätige Architektinnen kommen mit einem eigenen Projekt zu Wort. Dieses vielfältige Panorama wird ergänzt von Essays zu Pionierinnen in der Architektur und Analysen, die der strukturellen Diskriminierung von Architektinnen auf den Grund gehen. Mit Mona Bayr, Odile Decq, Elke Delugan-Meissl, Julie Eizenberg, Manuelle Gautrand, Annette Gigon, Silvia Gmür, Cristina Guedes, Melkan Gürsel, Itsuko Hasegawa, Anna Heringer, Fabienne Hoelzel, Helle Juul, Karla Kowalski, Anupama Kundoo, Anne Lacaton, Regine Leibinger, Lu Wenyu, Dorte Mandrup, Rozana Montiel, Kathrin Moore, Farshid Moussavi, Carme Pinós, Nili Portugali, Paula Santos, Kazuyo Sejima, Annabelle Selldorf, Pavitra Sriprakash, Siv Helene Stangeland, Brigitte Sunder-Plassmann, Lene Tranberg, Billie Tsien, Elisa Valero, Natalie de Vries, Andrea Wandel und Helena Weber.

Reconstruction

Download Reconstruction PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350152951
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reconstruction by : Neal Shasore

Download or read book Reconstruction written by Neal Shasore and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-02-23 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commendation, the Colvin Prize 2023 (Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain) Reconstruction explores the impact of the First World War on the built environment – examining the immediate and longer term aftermath of the Great War on the architecture of Britain and the British Empire during the interwar years. While much attention has been paid by historians to post-war architectural reconstruction after 1945, the earlier developments of the interwar period (1919-1939) have been comparatively overlooked. This volume reveals how the architectural developments of this period not only provided important foundations for what happened after 1945 – they are also of real significance in their own right. Sixteen essays written by leading and emerging scholars bring together new and diverse approaches to the period – a period of reconstruction, fraught with the challenges of modernity and democratisation. The collection considers the complex effects of reconstruction on design, discourse, practice, and professionalism, and deals with the full spectrum of architectural styles and approaches, privileging neither Modernism nor traditional styles like the neo-Georgian. It brings to the fore social and political histories of the built environment, and makes important postcolonial interventions into the architectural history of British Imperialism at home and in its far reaches; in Cairo, South Africa, Australia, and India.

Suffragette City

Download Suffragette City PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351333917
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Suffragette City by : Elizabeth Darling

Download or read book Suffragette City written by Elizabeth Darling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SHORTLISTED FOR THE COLVIN PRIZE 2021! Awarded by the Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain, the Colvin Prize is one of the world's most prestigious honors in the field of architectural history. The medal is awarded annually to the author or authors of an outstanding work of reference of broad importance to the discipline; all modes of publication are eligible, including catalogues, gazetteers, digital databases and online resources. Suffragette City was nominated due to the new ways in which its contributors cast light on the work of women to shape the architecture of communities around the English-speaking world. Suffragette City brings together a collection of illustrated essays dedicated to exploring and analysing cases in which women have resourcefully leveraged or defied the politics of gender to form and reform architecture and urbanism. Throughout much of modern history, women have been assigned to the margins and expected to play passive social roles. Suffragette City draws on nineteenth- and twentieth-century architectural case studies from the English-speaking world, including the USA, South Africa, Scotland, India and England, to examine places and moments when women stepped into the centre of public life and claimed opportunities to shape the fabrics of their communities. Their engagements with the built environment consistently transcended architecture to achieve the level of urbanism, as whole networks of relationships came into their purview, transforming the architecture of socio-political connection as well as the confronting the physical divisions that have historically lain along racial, economic and gendered lines. Academics, researchers and students engaged in architectural history, theory, urbanism, gender studies and social and cultural history will be interested in this fascinating, politically-charged text.

Women's Creativity since the Modern Movement (1918-2018)

Download Women's Creativity since the Modern Movement (1918-2018) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Založba ZRC
ISBN 13 : 9610501060
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Women's Creativity since the Modern Movement (1918-2018) by : Helena Seražin

Download or read book Women's Creativity since the Modern Movement (1918-2018) written by Helena Seražin and published by Založba ZRC. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive work is a result of four year research within the international project Women's Creativity since the Modern Movement, and brings new insights into women in architecture, construction, design, urban planning and landscape architecture in Europe and in the rest of the world. It is divided into eight chapters that combine 116 articles on topics: A. Women’s education and training: National and international mappings; B. Women’s legacy and heritage: Protection, restoration and enhancement; C. Women in communication and professional networks; D. Women and cultural tourism; E. Women’s achievements and professional attainments: Moving boundaries; F. Women and sustainability: City and Landscape; G. Women ‘as subjects’: Documentation, methodology, interpretation and enhancement; SG. Design drawings. / Obsežno delo je plod štiriletnih raziskav v okviru mednarodnega projekta MoMoWo - Ženska ustvarjalnost od modernizma dalje in prinaša nova spoznanja na področju žensk v arhitekturi, gradbeništvu, oblikovanju, urbanizmu in krajinski arhitekturi v Evropi in širše. Razdeljena je v osem poglavij, ki združujejo 116 prispevkov na temo o njihovi izobraženosti, kulturni zapuščini, vključevanju v stanovska združenja ali njihovim prispevkom h kulturnemu turizmu in stroki ter raziskovanju njihovega dela. Zaključi jo poglavje z grafičnimi prilogami.

Speaking of Buildings

Download Speaking of Buildings PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Chronicle Books
ISBN 13 : 1616898909
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (168 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Speaking of Buildings by : Naomi Stead

Download or read book Speaking of Buildings written by Naomi Stead and published by Chronicle Books. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By and large, architectural historians use texts, drawings, and photographs to craft their narratives. Oral testimony from those who actually occupy or construct buildings is rarely taken as seriously. Speaking of Buildings offers a rebuttal, theorizing the radical potential of a methodology that has historically been cast as unreliable. Essays by an international group of scholars look at varied topics, from the role of gossip in undermining masculine narratives in architecture to workers' accounts of building with cement in midcentury London to a sound art piece created by oral testimonies from Los Angeles public housing residents. In sum, the authors call for a renewed form of listening to enrich our understanding of what buildings are, what they do, and what they mean to people.

Women art workers and the Arts and Crafts movement

Download Women art workers and the Arts and Crafts movement PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526140454
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Women art workers and the Arts and Crafts movement by : Zoë Thomas

Download or read book Women art workers and the Arts and Crafts movement written by Zoë Thomas and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the first comprehensive history of the network of women who worked at the heart of the English Arts and Crafts movement from the 1870s to the 1930s. Challenging the long-standing assumption that the Arts and Crafts simply revolved around celebrated male designers like William Morris, it instead offers a new social and cultural account of the movement, which simultaneously reveals the breadth of the imprint of women art workers upon the making of modern society. Thomas provides unprecedented insight into how women navigated authoritative roles as 'art workers' by asserting expertise across a range of interconnected cultures: from the artistic to the professional, intellectual, entrepreneurial and domestic. Through examination of newly discovered institutional archives and private papers, Thomas elucidates the critical importance of the spaces around which women conceptualised alternative creative and professional lifestyles.

Women in Design

Download Women in Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Thames & Hudson
ISBN 13 : 0500777578
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Women in Design by : Anne Massey

Download or read book Women in Design written by Anne Massey and published by Thames & Hudson. This book was released on 2022-11-03 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work of women designers has not traditionally been the focus of mainstream histories of design. By revealing the untold story of female design pioneers, this comprehensive introduction celebrates their crucial role in the history of modern processes of making. Arranged chronologically, this guide considers the structural barriers to professional success and how women overcame these hurdles, charting the success of designers including Anni Albers at the Bauhaus, the architect Eileen Grey, interior decorator Elsie de Wolfe and fashion icon Mary Quant, focusing on the key subjects of architecture, craft, fashion, furniture, graphics, interior, product and textile design. The link between early twentieth-century revolutionary design and lifestyle is explored, as well the ideas of shopping and consumerism as a liberating activity. The important contribution of designers during and after the Second World War is also discussed, along with design activism, design collectives and the current success of women working transnationally in architecture and design.

Women in Design (World of Art)

Download Women in Design (World of Art) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Thames & Hudson
ISBN 13 : 0500777586
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Women in Design (World of Art) by : Anne Massey

Download or read book Women in Design (World of Art) written by Anne Massey and published by Thames & Hudson. This book was released on 2023-04-25 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive history of women designers working internationally from 1900 to the present day. Women designers have created some of the most important objects in history. By revealing the untold stories of female design pioneers, this wide-ranging introduction celebrates their crucial role in the history of modern processes of making. Arranged chronologically, this guide considers the structural barriers to professional success and how women overcame these hurdles, charting the works of designers including Anni Albers at the Bauhaus, the architects Eileen Gray and Zaha Hadid, interior decorator Elsie de Wolfe, and fashion icon Mary Quant. Focusing on the key subjects of architecture, craft, fashion, furniture, graphics, interior, product, and textile design, author Anne Massey explores the link between early twentieth– century revolutionary design and lifestyle, as well as the idea of shopping and consumerism as liberatory. Massey also discusses the important contribution of designers during and after World War II, along with design activism, design collectives, and the current success of women working transnationally in architecture and design. Illustrated throughout, Women in Design is the definitive history of women designers working around the world over the past 120 years.

Graduate Women and Work in Wales, 1880–1939

Download Graduate Women and Work in Wales, 1880–1939 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031079418
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Graduate Women and Work in Wales, 1880–1939 by : Beth Jenkins

Download or read book Graduate Women and Work in Wales, 1880–1939 written by Beth Jenkins and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-07 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the social backgrounds, educational experiences and subsequent lives of women who attended the university colleges in Wales from their inception to the outbreak of the Second World War. Using a sample of 2,000 graduates, the book foregrounds the experience of working-class women and critically assesses the claim of social inclusivity built around education in Wales. It charts changes and continuities in women’s career prospects; explores graduates’ relationship with the communities in which they studied, lived, and worked; and, finally, examines the extensive networks which underpinned their personal and professional lives.

Designs on Democracy

Download Designs on Democracy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192849727
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Designs on Democracy by : Neal Shasore

Download or read book Designs on Democracy written by Neal Shasore and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-09-04 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designs on Democracy examines a pivotal period in the formation of the modern profession of architecture in Britain. It shows how architects sought to meet the newly articulated demands of a mass democracy in the wake of the First World War. It does so by providing a vivid picture of architectural culture in interwar London, the Imperial metropolis, drawing on histories of design, practice, professionalism, and representation. Most accounts of this period tend to deal exclusively with the emergence of Modernism; this study takes a different approach, encompassing a much broader perspective on the liberal professional consensus that held sway, including architecture's mainstream and its so-called avant-garde. Readers will encounter a number of unexpected narratives, episodes, and projects: from the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley to the rebuilding of Waterloo Bridge; from the impact of the Great Slump to the passing of the first Architects Registration Act (1931); from Trystan Edwards's radical housing campaigns to the Londoners' League's unorthodox preservationism. Pulling in a range of evidence and sources - periodicals, exhibitions, photographs, and films, alongside architecture - it evokes architectural culture by listening carefully to the tenor of its discourse. Architecture's public realm is thus analysed through sometimes surprising phrases: 'manners' to understand ideals of public propriety, 'vigilance' to explore public proprietorship, 'slump' to contextualise the emergence of public relations, 'machine-craft' to understand the forging of public institutions. The volume spans the excitable discussions about the reconstruction of the profession for a democratic age after WWI, to reconstruction and planning following WWII, providing an ambitious revision of how we can understand twentieth century architecture in Britain.

Arrival Cities

Download Arrival Cities PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Leuven University Press
ISBN 13 : 9462702268
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (627 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Arrival Cities by : Burcu Dogramaci

Download or read book Arrival Cities written by Burcu Dogramaci and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exile and migration played a critical role in the diffusion and development of modernism around the globe, yet have long remained largely understudied phenomena within art historiography. Focusing on the intersections of exile, artistic practice and urban space, this volume brings together contributions by international researchers committed to revising the historiography of modern art. It pays particular attention to metropolitan areas that were settled by migrant artists in the first half of the 20th century. These arrival cities developed into hubs of artistic activities and transcultural contact zones where ideas circulated, collaborations emerged, and concepts developed. Taking six major cities as a starting point – Bombay (now Mumbai), Buenos Aires, Istanbul, London, New York, and Shanghai –the authors explore how urban topographies and landscapes were modified by exiled artists re-establishing their practices in metropolises across the world. Questioning the established canon of Western modernism, Arrival Cities investigates how the migration of artists to different urban spaces impacted their work and the historiography of art. In doing so, it aims to encourage the discussion between international scholars from different research fields, such as exile studies, art history, social history, architectural history, architecture, and urban studies.

Rituals and Walls

Download Rituals and Walls PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : AA Publications
ISBN 13 : 9781907896637
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (966 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rituals and Walls by : Pier Vittorio Aureli

Download or read book Rituals and Walls written by Pier Vittorio Aureli and published by AA Publications. This book was released on 2016 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The idea of sacred space has not been considered a relevant topic in recent architecture, a neglect even more pronounced in terms of debates about the city.The texts and projects in this book aim to redress this oversight, and re-open a contemporary understanding of its relevance. The book itself is the result of a year-long investigation developed in the AA's Diploma Unit 14. It consists of design proposals that range from a mult-ifaith school in Strasbourg to the reconstruction of a festival hall in the city of Xian, China; from a Jesuit monastery in Detroit to a women's Islamic centre in Paris. The book is complemented by essays by Pier Vittorio Aureli, Maria Shéhérazade Giudici and Hamed Khosravi." -- Provided by publisher.

Thrive

Download Thrive PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1003822509
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Thrive by : Sumita Singha

Download or read book Thrive written by Sumita Singha and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Architecture needs women. How can the built environment be designed without the expert input of half the population? In spite of the significant number of women choosing to study architecture as undergraduates, once qualified women remain in the minority. As professionals their expertise is often overlooked, their work devalued and their contribution to the canon forgotten. Yet women’s work is critical to the sustainability of a profession that must aspire to design high-quality buildings for the whole of society. How can architecture attract, recruit and retain women? And how can women find ways to thrive within it? Underpinned by inclusion, internationalism and intersectionality, this practical guide looks back as well as forward, exploring the history of women working in architecture as well as interrogating the contemporary landscape. It provides guidance, tips and examples for navigating key points in an architect’s career, including education, practice, projects and promotion. Inspiring case studies of women and women-led practices consider what success means, and how to negotiate a route to a fruitful career and a balanced life as an architect. The book covers women architects from all walks of life, all sizes of practice and from all over the world, including Jeanne Gang, Yasmeen Lari and Anupama Kundoo as well as many other historical and contemporary women architects and emerging practices. Featuring guidance on: Understanding the barriers and history of women in architecture Expanding the opportunities and visibility of women in leading roles The importance of role models and mentoring. With a foreword by Jane Duncan OBE PPRIBA.

Denise Scott Brown

Download Denise Scott Brown PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031367812
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Denise Scott Brown by : Biljana Arandelovic

Download or read book Denise Scott Brown written by Biljana Arandelovic and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Denise Scott Brown is best known as part of one of the most acclaimed architectural partnerships in modern architectural history, Denise Scott Brown & Robert Venturi. Together with Venturi, she ran the firm Venturi, Scott Brown & Associates (VSBA). Their architectural and urban planning designs, theories and publications caused a revolution in the world of architecture. Their most famous theoretical work, co-authored with Steven Izenour, Learning from Las Vegas, became a global phenomenon that marked the 20th century. Scott Brown & Venturi were also a married couple. However, in the traditional male-dominated architectural world, men were automatically put in leadership positions while the role of women was always underplayed, although they worked in equal partnership and made the same contribution. The role of Denise Scott Brown in joint projects, in the eyes of the public, was for decades diminished, while Venturi was brought to the forefront and celebrated as a genius. She never received due recognition for her work. This book is entirely dedicated to Denise Scott Brown and gives her the credit she deserves. It informs readers about her life, analyzes her projects in both architecture and urban planning, and offers a better understanding of her theories. The seven chapters provide a comprehensive insight into the world of legendary Denise and complete the knowledge necessary to understand her as a true and authentic diva of architecture, an innovative urban planner, theorist and passionate professor. Chapter 8 is a comprehensive conclusion that rounds off the monograph through a shorter review of numerous topics covered in the previous chapters. At the very beginning of the book is a letter that Denise wrote to the author. Her words are an authentic testimony of her life after 1967. The book is richly illustrated with a total of 274 photographs, urban planning layouts and various project illustrations.