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A World Of Standards
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Book Synopsis A World of Standards by : Nils Brunsson
Download or read book A World of Standards written by Nils Brunsson and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2002 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book we discuss standards, in particular how standards are produced and propagated. Standards constitute a special kind of rule, but a common and very important one. Most standards are produced by organizations. We argue that standardization i a fundamental form for governance and co-ordination in societies, and a form to which social science has paid far to little attention.
Download or read book Standards written by Lawrence Busch and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-08-16 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation into standards, the invisible infrastructures of our technical, moral, social, and physical worlds. Standards are the means by which we construct realities. There are established standards for professional accreditation, the environment, consumer products, animal welfare, the acceptable stress for highway bridges, healthcare, education—for almost everything. We are surrounded by a vast array of standards, many of which we take for granted but each of which has been and continues to be the subject of intense negotiation. In this book, Lawrence Busch investigates standards as “recipes for reality.” Standards, he argues, shape not only the physical world around us but also our social lives and even our selves. Busch shows how standards are intimately connected to power—that they often serve to empower some and disempower others. He outlines the history of formal standards and describes how modern science came to be associated with the moral-technical project of standardization of both people and things. Busch suggests guidelines for developing fair, equitable, and effective standards. Taking a uniquely integrated and comprehensive view of the subject, Busch shows how standards for people and things are inextricably linked, how standards are always layered (even if often addressed serially), and how standards are simultaneously technical, social, moral, legal, and ontological devices.
Book Synopsis Standards and Their Stories by : Martha Lampland
Download or read book Standards and Their Stories written by Martha Lampland and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standardization is one of the defining aspects of modern life, its presence so pervasive that it is usually taken for granted. However cumbersome, onerous, or simply puzzling certain standards may be, their fundamental purpose in streamlining procedures, regulating behaviors, and predicting results is rarely questioned. Indeed, the invisibility of infrastructure and the imperative of standardizing processes signify their absolute necessity. Increasingly, however, social scientists are beginning to examine the origins and effects of the standards that underpin the technology and practices of everyday life.Standards and Their Stories explores how we interact with the network of standards that shape our lives in ways both obvious and invisible. The main chapters analyze standardization in biomedical research, government bureaucracies, the insurance industry, labor markets, and computer technology, providing detailed accounts of the invention of "standard humans" for medical testing and life insurance actuarial tables, the imposition of chronological age as a biographical determinant, the accepted means of determining labor productivity, the creation of international standards for the preservation and access of metadata, and the global consequences of "ASCII imperialism" and the use of English as the lingua franca of the Internet.Accompanying these in-depth critiques are a series of examples that depict an almost infinite variety of standards, from the controversies surrounding the European Union's supposed regulation of banana curvature to the minimum health requirements for immigrants at Ellis Island, conflicting (and ever-increasing) food portion sizes, and the impact of standardized punishment metrics like "Three Strikes" laws. The volume begins with a pioneering essay from Susan Leigh Star and Martha Lampland on the nature of standards in everyday life that brings together strands from the several fields represented in the book. In an appendix, the editors provide a guide for teaching courses in this emerging interdisciplinary field, which they term "infrastructure studies," making Standards and Their Stories ideal for scholars, students, and those curious about why coffins are becoming wider, for instance, or why the Financial Accounting Standards Board refused to classify September 11 as an "extraordinary" event.
Book Synopsis Open Standards and the Digital Age by : Andrew L. Russell
Download or read book Open Standards and the Digital Age written by Andrew L. Russell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-28 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book answers how openness became the defining principle of the information age, examining the history of information networks.
Book Synopsis Imposing Standards by : Martin Hearson
Download or read book Imposing Standards written by Martin Hearson and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Imposing Standards, Martin Hearson shifts the focus of political rhetoric regarding international tax rules from tax havens and the Global North to the damaging impact of this regime on the Global South. Even when not exploited by tax dodgers, international tax standards place severe limits on the ability of developing countries to tax businesses, denying the Global South access to much-needed revenue. The international rules that allow tax avoidance by multinational corporations have dominated political debate about international tax in the United States and Europe, especially since the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. Hearson asks how developing countries willingly gave up their right to tax foreign companies, charting their assimilation into an OECD-led regime from the days of early independence to the present day. Based on interviews with treaty negotiators, policymakers and lobbyists, as well as observation at intergovernmental meetings, archival research, and fieldwork in Africa and Asia, Imposing Standards shows that capacity constraints and imperfect negotiation strategies in developing countries were exploited by capital-exporting states, shielding multinationals from taxation and depriving nations in the Global South of revenue they both need and deserve. Thanks to generous funding from the Gates Foundation, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.
Book Synopsis The Power of Standards by : Jean-Christophe Graz
Download or read book The Power of Standards written by Jean-Christophe Graz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines a new form of power in contemporary global political economy, focusing on the hybrid authority of standards in the globalisation of services. This book is also available as Open Access.
Book Synopsis The Social Life of Standards by : Janice E. Graham
Download or read book The Social Life of Standards written by Janice E. Graham and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standards. We apply them, uphold them, or fail to meet them. But how do they get made? Through twelve ethnographic case studies, The Social Life of Standards reveals how standards – political and technical tools for organizing society – are developed, applied, subverted, contested, and reassembled by local communities interacting with norms often created by others. Contributors explore standards at work across different countries and contexts, such as Ebola biomedical safety precautions in Senegal, Colombian farmers contesting politicized seed regulations, and the application of Indigenous standards to Canadian environmental assessments. They emphasize the uncomfortable fit between the inconsistent implementation of standards in the real world and the non-negotiable criteria presupposed by external forces. The Social Life of Standards provides support for a reflexive process that involves local engagement. Ultimately, the goal should be to reach a balance between evidence-based science and the social contexts that can inform more useful and appropriate standards.
Download or read book Engineering Rules written by JoAnne Yates and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first global history of voluntary consensus standard setting. Finalist, Hagley Prize in Business History, The Hagley Museum and Library / The Business History Conference Private, voluntary standards shape almost everything we use, from screw threads to shipping containers to e-readers. They have been critical to every major change in the world economy for more than a century, including the rise of global manufacturing and the ubiquity of the internet. In Engineering Rules, JoAnne Yates and Craig N. Murphy trace the standard-setting system's evolution through time, revealing a process with an astonishingly pervasive, if rarely noticed, impact on all of our lives. This type of standard setting was established in the 1880s, when engineers aimed to prove their status as professionals by creating useful standards that would be widely adopted by manufacturers while satisfying corporate customers. Yates and Murphy explain how these engineers' processes provided a timely way to set desirable standards that would have taken much longer to emerge from the market and that governments were rarely willing to set. By the 1920s, the standardizers began to think of themselves as critical to global prosperity and world peace. After World War II, standardizers transcended Cold War divisions to create standards that made the global economy possible. Finally, Yates and Murphy reveal how, since 1990, a new generation of standardizers has focused on supporting the internet and web while applying the same standard-setting process to regulate the potential social and environmental harms of the increasingly global economy. Drawing on archival materials from three continents, Yates and Murphy describe the positive ideals that sparked the standardization movement, the ways its leaders tried to realize those ideals, and the challenges the movement faces today. Engineering Rules is a riveting global history of the people, processes, and organizations that created and maintain this nearly invisible infrastructure of today's economy, which is just as important as the state or the global market.
Book Synopsis Making the Common Core Standards Work by : Robert J. Manley
Download or read book Making the Common Core Standards Work written by Robert J. Manley and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2012-11-20 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential reading for school leaders! With the Common Core State Standards adopted by the vast majority of U.S. states, educators face the challenge of translating the standards into successful, positive change within schools. Written for school leaders, this practical guide offers a blueprint for implementing and exceeding the new standards using very targeted professional development. Readers will find realistic strategies supported by examples from a diverse range of schools. Topics include Empowering teachers and staff as partners in planning for and implementing the new standards Adapting existing curriculum to meet goals for mathematics and language arts at each grade level Designing assessments that measure mastery of the standards Ensuring that the standards benefit learning for all students, including multicultural learners Lead your school or district in fulfilling the promise of the Common Core State Standards and preparing students for a competitive global economy. "This book looks at the implementation of CCSS within the context of all of the components that face public schools, and, in doing so, puts the CCSS in a proper perspective. This is a book that could actually help make a difference in the improvement of instruction in the public schools." —Martin J. Hudacs, Superintendent Solanco School District, Quarryville, PA "Making the Common Core Standards Work provides a detailed approach to systems thinking and how to manage a real-life paradigm shift." —William Richard Hall, Jr., Principal R. C. Longan Elementary School, Henrico, VA
Author :Management Association, Information Resources Publisher :IGI Global ISBN 13 :1466681128 Total Pages :1706 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (666 download)
Book Synopsis Standards and Standardization: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications by : Management Association, Information Resources
Download or read book Standards and Standardization: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2015-02-28 with total page 1706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective communication requires a common language, a truth that applies to science and mathematics as much as it does to culture and conversation. Standards and Standardization: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications addresses the necessity of a common system of measurement in all technical communications and endeavors, in addition to the need for common rules and guidelines for regulating such enterprises. This multivolume reference will be of practical and theoretical significance to researchers, scientists, engineers, teachers, and students in a wide array of disciplines.
Book Synopsis Global Standards of Market Civilization by : Brett Bowden
Download or read book Global Standards of Market Civilization written by Brett Bowden and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2006-10-03 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Standards of Market Civilization brings together leading scholars, representing a range of political views, to investigate how global 'standards of market civilization' have emerged, their justification, and their political, economic and social impact. Key chapters show how as the modern state system has evolved such standards have also developed, incorporating the capacity for social cooperation and self-government to which states must conform in order to fully participate as legitimate members in international society. This study analyzes their justification, and their political, economic and social impact. Civilization is a term widely used within modern political discourse its meaning, yet it is poorly understood and misused. part I explores the idea of a ‘standard of civilization’, its implications for governance, and the use of such standards in political theory and economic thought, as well as its historical application part II presents original case studies that demonstrate the emergence of such standards and explore the diffusion of liberal capitalist ideas through the global political economy and the consequences for development and governance; the International Monetary Fund’s capacity to formulate a global standard of civilization in its reform programs; and problems in the development of the global trade, including the issue of intellectual property rights. This book will be of strong interest to students and scholars in wide range of fields relating to the study of globalization including: international political economy; international political theory; international relations theory; comparative political economy; international law; historical sociology; and economic history.
Book Synopsis By What Standard? by : Founders Ministries
Download or read book By What Standard? written by Founders Ministries and published by . This book was released on 2020-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Diversity, tolerance, inclusivity, and social justice are the chief values of postmodernity and political correctness. In a culture where these are deemed some of the last remaining virtues and biblical principles are routinely scorned, what should the church's posture be? Should Christians adjust the gospel, remodel our message, and bring our statements of faith more in line with the world's thinking? To ask that question is to answer it. But in case the answer isn't clear, these superbly-written essays spell it out in brilliant detail. I'm grateful for the courage of these men and the clarity of their voices. This is a vitally important volume, sounding all the right notes of passion, warning, instruction, and hope."--Phil Johnson, Executive Director of Grace To You
Book Synopsis Global Competition Between and Within Standards by : Jeffrey L. Funk
Download or read book Global Competition Between and Within Standards written by Jeffrey L. Funk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-11-13 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing technology and globalization are two of the main concerns facing companies today. This book argues that the success of firms such as Ericsson and Nokia is a function of how they have managed these two areas simultaneously. The author summarises the development of the global mobile communications industry to date, examining how global standards have been established, and why particular firms have succeeded within these standards. He goes on to examine the factors that will determine the market leaders in third-generation mobile communications systems and phones, and shows how other high technology industries can benefit from the strategies used.
Book Synopsis Opening Standards by : Laura Denardis
Download or read book Opening Standards written by Laura Denardis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-09-02 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic and political stakes in the current heated debates over “openness” and open standards in the Internet's architecture. Openness is not a given on the Internet. Technical standards—the underlying architecture that enables interoperability among hardware and software from different manufacturers—increasingly control individual freedom and the pace of innovation in technology markets. Heated battles rage over the very definition of “openness” and what constitutes an open standard in information and communication technologies. In Opening Standards, experts from industry, academia, and public policy explore just what is at stake in these controversies, considering both economic and political implications of open standards. The book examines the effect of open standards on innovation, on the relationship between interoperability and public policy (and if government has a responsibility to promote open standards), and on intellectual property rights in standardization—an issue at the heart of current global controversies. Finally, Opening Standards recommends a framework for defining openness in twenty-first-century information infrastructures. Contributors discuss such topics as how to reflect the public interest in the private standards-setting process; why open standards have a beneficial effect on competition and Internet freedom; the effects of intellectual property rights on standards openness; and how to define standard, open standard, and software interoperability.
Book Synopsis Standards and Global Trade by : John Sullivan Wilson
Download or read book Standards and Global Trade written by John Sullivan Wilson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides the first comprehensive assessment of the relationship between trade standards and development priorities in Africa, with case studies of the use of international standards and capacity for compliance in five countries: Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda. It describes the economic context of trade standards in these countries, and examines the mechanisms by which standards and regulations are established and revised at local and international levels. It also considers the probable impact of new standards, regulations and related production/marketing practices in key industries.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards by : John E. Bringas
Download or read book Handbook of Comparative World Steel Standards written by John E. Bringas and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Standards for Online Communication by : JoAnn T. Hackos
Download or read book Standards for Online Communication written by JoAnn T. Hackos and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1997-02-21 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experience firsthand what makes online information work and why Standards for Online Communication gives you guidelines for how to place information online within your company. It provides both a design and development process and a set of guidelines for the Internet, intranets, and help systems for designers and authors who need to create effective electronic information. Drawing on their design and consulting experience, authors JoAnn Hackos and Dawn Stevens demonstrate how to judge what will work for your users, how to translate users' needs into a set of clear specifications, and how to implement these specifications. Using examples of good design, they provide expert advice and guidance on: * Giving customers and employees the online information they need to do their jobs * How to organize online information so your users can easily navigate through it * Dealing with the special design requirements of the Web, intranets, and online help systems * What graphics users really need and where sound and video fit in * The issues involved with accessibility and navigation-multimedia, maps, indexes, hypertext, and more On the accompanying CD, you'll find a winhelp file of the book designed according to the principles taught in the book. Whether you are a webmaster, user-interface designer, content creator, or technical writer, with Standards for Online Communication you'll experience firsthand what makes online information work and why. Visit our Web site at: http://www.wiley.com/compbooks/
