Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download A Study Of Tropical Cirrus full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online A Study Of Tropical Cirrus ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Yuying Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (689 download)
Download or read book A Study of Tropical Cirrus written by Yuying Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Randall Patrick Benson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (353 download)
Download or read book Tropical Cirrus written by Randall Patrick Benson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David K. Lynch
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195351398
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Cirrus written by David K. Lynch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-01-24 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cirrus clouds are high, thin, tropospheric clouds composed predominately of ice. In the last ten years, considerable work has shown that cirrus is widespread--more common than previously believed--and has a significant impact on climate and global change. As the next generation weather satellites are being designed, the impact of cirrus on remote sensing and the global energy budget must be recognized and accommodated. This book, the first to be devoted entirely to cirrus clouds, captures the state of knowledge of cirrus and serves as a practical handbook as well. Each chapter is based on an invited review talk presented at Cirrus, a meeting hosted by the Optical Society of America and co-sponsored by the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society. All aspects of cirrus clouds are covered, an approach that reaches into diverse fields. Topics include: the definition of cirrus, cirrus climatologies, nucleation, evolution and dissipation, mixed-phase thermodynamics, crystallinity, orientation mechanisms, dynamics, scattering, radiative transfer, in situ sampling, processes that produce or influence cirrus (and vice versa), contrails, and the influence of cirrus on climate.
Author : Kerry Glynne Meyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (74 download)
Download or read book The Study of Cirrus Clouds Using Airborne and Satellite Data written by Kerry Glynne Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cirrus clouds are known to play a key role in the earth's radiation budget, yet are one of the most uncertain components of the earth-atmosphere system. With the development of instruments such as the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and the Moderate-resolution Infrared Spectroradiometer (MODIS), scientists now have an unprecedented ability to study cirrus clouds. To aid in the understanding of such clouds, a significant study of cirrus radiative properties has been undertaken. This research is composed of three parts: 1) the retrieval of tropical cirrus optical thickness using MODIS level-1b calibrated radiance data, 2) a survey of tropical cirrus cloud cover, including seasonal variations, using MODIS level-3 global daily gridded data, and 3) the simultaneous retrieval of cirrus optical thickness and ice crystal effective diameter using AVIRIS reflectance measurements.
Author : Raymond Wexler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (381 download)
Download or read book Cirrus Clouds in Tropical Storms written by Raymond Wexler and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : V. Levizzani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402058357
Total Pages : 738 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Measuring Precipitation from Space written by V. Levizzani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-11 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No other book can offer such a powerful tool to understand the basics of remote sensing for precipitation, to make use of existing products and to have a glimpse of the near future missions and instruments. This book features state-of-the-art rainfall estimation algorithms, validation strategies, and precipitation modeling. More than 20 years after the last book on the subject the worldwide precipitation community has produced a comprehensive overview of its activities, achievements, ongoing research and future plans.
Author : Irving Langmuir
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (391 download)
Download or read book Occasional Report written by Irving Langmuir and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bradley Charles Navarro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (54 download)
Download or read book Microphysical and Radiative Evolution of a Cirrus Anvil During the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment written by Bradley Charles Navarro and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hsiu-Hui Tseng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Tropical Tropopause Layer Cirrus and Its Relation to Tropopause written by Hsiu-Hui Tseng and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the spatial and temporal patterns of tropical tropopause layer (TTL) cirrus clouds (i.e., clouds with bases higher than 14.5 km) and their relationship to tropical tropopause including both cold point tropopause (CPT) and lapse rate tropopause (LRT). We use eight years (2006–2014) data from the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) measurements. In addition to the CALIPSO cloud layer product, the clouds included in the current CALIPSO dataset as stratospheric features have been considered by separating clouds from aerosols, which are important in the TTL cloud analysis. It is also shown that the temporal variation of the stratospheric aerosols matches well with the volcanic eruption events.The TTL cloud fraction and the tropical tropopause temperature both have pronounced annual cycles and are strongly negatively correlated both temporally and spatially. The examination of the TTL cloud height relative to tropopause from collocated CALIPSO and COSMIC observations indicates that the tropopause plays a critical role in constraining the TTL cloud top height. We show that the probability density function of TTL cloud top height peaks just below the CPT while the occurrence of TTL clouds with cloud tops above the CPT could be largely explained by observed tropopause height uncertainty associated with the COSMIC vertical resolution.
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781720657699
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (576 download)
Download or read book Parameterization of the Vertical Variability of Tropical Cirrus Cloud Microphysical and Optical Properties written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cloud Integrating Nephelometers (CIN) were flown on the U. North Dakota Citation aircraft and the NASA WB-57 aircraft for the purpose of measuring in-situ the optical extinction coefficient and the asymmetry parameter (g) at a wavelength of 635 nm of primarily ice particles encountered during the NASA CRYSTAL-FACE study of large cumulus clouds (Cu) and their anvils found in the southern Florida region. The probes performance was largely successful and produced archived data for vertical profiles of extinction, asymmetry parameter, and effective radius (Re), the latter being obtained by combining CIN and CVI (total water; Oregon State U.) measurements. Composites of the CIN and CVI data describing the average microphysical and optical behavior of the Cu and their anvils showed the following: The extinction increases with height as a result of the size of the particles also decreasing with height as shown by the Re measurements; near the top of anvils the size of the primary ice particles is about 10-um radius; and the value of g does not vary significantly with height and has a mean value of about 0.73 consistent with the idea that ambient ice crystals are primarily of complex shape and reflect solar radiation more efficiently than particles of pristine crystal shape. Other observations include: The g measurements were found to be an indicator of the phase of the cloud permitting identification of the clouds with water droplets, rain, and ice; visual ranges as small as several tens of meters were occasionally found in "extinction cores" that coincided with strong updraft cores; and comparison of the cloud probes on the Citation showed significant disagreement.Gerber, Hermann E.Goddard Space Flight CenterOPTICAL PROPERTIES; TROPICAL REGIONS; CLOUD PHYSICS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PARAMETERIZATION; ANVILS; ASYMMETRY; ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS; CORES; CRYSTALS; CUMULUS CLOUDS; NEPHELOMETERS; SOLAR RADIATION; VERTICAL AIR CURRENTS
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (875 download)
Download or read book Highlights in Space written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kuo-Nan Liou
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521889162
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)
Download or read book Light Scattering by Ice Crystals written by Kuo-Nan Liou and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume outlines the fundamentals and applications of light scattering, absorption and polarization processes involving ice crystals.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309174295
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Atmospheric Sciences written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-10-22 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology has propelled the atmospheric sciences from a fledgling discipline to a global enterprise. Findings in this field shape a broad spectrum of decisionsâ€"what to wear outdoors, whether aircraft should fly, how to deal with the issue of climate change, and more. This book presents a comprehensive assessment of the atmospheric sciences and offers a vision for the future and a range of recommendations for federal authorities, the scientific community, and education administrators. How does atmospheric science contribute to national well-being? In the context of this question, the panel identifies imperatives in scientific observation, recommends directions for modeling and forecasting research, and examines management issues, including the growing problem of weather data availability. Five subdisciplinesâ€"physics, chemistry, dynamics and weather forecasting, upper atmosphere and near-earth space physics, climate and climate changeâ€"and their status as the science enters the twenty-first century are examined in detail, including recommendations for research. This readable book will be of interest to public-sector policy framers and private-sector decisionmakers as well as researchers, educators, and students in the atmospheric sciences.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 804 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Author : Tra Phuong Dinh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 73 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (811 download)
Download or read book Cirrus and Water Vapor Transport in the Tropical Tropopause Layer written by Tra Phuong Dinh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulations of tropical-tropopause-layer (TTL) cirrus under the influence of a large-scale equatorial Kelvin wave have been performed in two dimensions. These simulations show that, even under the influence of the large-scale wave, radiatively induced dynamics in TTL cirrus plays an important role in the transport of water vapor in the vertical direction. In a typical TTL cirrus, the heating that results from absorption of radiation by ice crystals induces a mesoscale circulation. Advection of ice and water vapor by the radiatively induced circulation leads to the persistence of the cloud and upward advection of the cloudy air. Upward advection of the cloudy air is equivalent to upward transport of water vapor when the air above the cloud is drier than the cloudy air, and downward transport otherwise. In TTL cirrus, microphysical processes also contribute to transport of water vapor in the vertical direction. Ice nucleation and growth, followed by sedimentation and sublimation, always lead to downward transport of water vapor. The magnitude of the downward transport by microphysical processes increases with the relative humidity of the air surrounding the cloud. Moisture in the surrounding environment is important because there is continuous interactions between the cloudy and environmental air throughout the cloud boundary. In our simulations, when the air surrounding the cloud is subsaturated, hence drier than the cloudy air, the magnitude of the downward transport due to microphysical processes is smaller than that of the upward transport due to the radiatively induced advection of water vapor. The net result is upward transport of water vapor, and equivalently hydration of the lower stratosphere. On the other hand, when the surrounding air is supersaturated, hence moister than the cloudy air, microphysical and radiatively induced dynamical processes work in concert to induce downward transport of water vapor, that is dehydration of the lower stratosphere. TTL cirrus processes also depend sensitively on the deposition coefficient of water vapor on ice crystals. The deposition coefficient determines the depositional growth rate of ice crystals, hence microphysical and radiative properties of the cloud. In our simulations, larger values of the deposition coefficient correspond to less ice crystals nucleated during homogeneous freezing, larger ice crystal sizes, faster ice sedimentation, smaller radiative heating rate and weaker dynamics. These results indicate that detailed observations of the relative humidity in the vicinity of TTL cirrus and accurate laboratory measurements of the deposition coefficient are necessary to quantify the impact of TTL cirrus in the dehydration of the stratosphere. This research highlights the complex role of microphysical, radiative and dynamical processes in the transport of water vapor within TTL cirrus. It shows that under certain realistic conditions, TTL cirrus may lead to upward transport of water vapor, which results in moistening of the lower stratosphere. Thus it is not accurate to always associate TTL cirrus with stratospheric dehydration.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (574 download)
Download or read book Distribution and Radiative Forcing of Tropical Thin Cirrus Clouds written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand the radiative impact of tropical thin cirrus clouds, the frequency of occurrence and optical depths of these clouds have been derived. "Thin" cirrus clouds are defined here as being those that are not detected by the operational Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud mask, corresponding to an optical depth value of approximately 0.3 or smaller, but that are detectable in terms of the cirrus reflectance product based on the MODIS 1.375-micron channel. With such a definition, thin cirrus clouds were present in more than 40% of the pixels flagged as "clear sky" by the operational MODIS cloud mask algorithm. It is shown that these thin cirrus clouds are frequently observed in deep convective regions in the western Pacific. Thin cirrus optical depths were derived from the cirrus reflectance product. Regions of significant cloud fraction and large optical depths were observed in the Northern Hemisphere during the boreal spring and summer and moved southward during the boreal autumn and winter. The radiative effects of tropical thin cirrus clouds were studied on the basis of the retrieved cirrus optical depths, the atmospheric profiles derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observations, and a radiative transfer model in conjunction with a parameterization of ice cloud spectral optical properties. To understand how these clouds regulate the radiation field in the atmosphere, the instantaneous net fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface were calculated. The present study shows positive and negative net forcings at the TOA and at the surface, respectively. The positive (negative) net forcing at the TOA (surface) is due to the dominance of longwave (shortwave) forcing. Both the TOA and surface forcings are in a range of 0-20 W/sq m, depending on the optical depths of thin cirrus clouds.
Author : Hsiao-hua K. Burke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Thin Cirrus Cloud Over the Tropical Pacific written by Hsiao-hua K. Burke and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes a theoretical study of the detectability of high altitude (>10 km) thin cirrus clouds by various remote sensors over the tropical Pacific. The remote sensors considered include: (1) visual detection from the surface, (2) visual detection from an aircraft, and (3) infrared sensor (6.7 micrometers) from space. The radiative transfer technique to compute the atmospheric radiance (intensity) is summarized. The optical properties of ice crystals are presented. The results indicate that the minimum detectable concentration of ice crystals having a dimension greater than 80 micrometers, the critical size which will be hazardous to the RV transition, is around 2 x 10(4) m( -3) for visual detection from the surface and 3-4 x 10(3) m( -3) for both aircraft observation and infrared sensors from space. (Author).
