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A Study Of The Effects Of Diabatic Heating And Photochemistry On The Transport Of Stratospheric Trace Species By Planetary Waves And Mean Motions
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Book Synopsis A Study of the Effects of Diabatic Heating and Photochemistry on the Transport of Stratospheric Trace Species by Planetary Waves and Mean Motions by : Stephen Joseph Scotti
Download or read book A Study of the Effects of Diabatic Heating and Photochemistry on the Transport of Stratospheric Trace Species by Planetary Waves and Mean Motions written by Stephen Joseph Scotti and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Stratospheric General Circulation Experiment Incorporating Diabatic Heating and Ozone Photochemistry [microform] by : Roland Byron-Scott
Download or read book A Stratospheric General Circulation Experiment Incorporating Diabatic Heating and Ozone Photochemistry [microform] written by Roland Byron-Scott and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1967 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A three-level numerical model of the stratosphere is formulated to yield predictions based on the thermodynamic and ozone equations. These latter include long - and short - wave radiation and photochemical ozone production together with eddy diffusion and three-dimensional (geostrophic) advection, the vertical velocity being derived from a quasi-stationary vorticity equation. The model is bounded and forced from below by continuous specification of 70 - mb heights and 163 1/3 - mb temperatures. Time integrations with moderate, intense and negligible forcing show that: the radiative-photochemical equilibrium state is 'unnatural', planetary waves are important transporters of heat and ozone, high-latitude warmings do occur and their intensity depends upon the forcing, and 'in situ' warming is mainly due to subsidence. (Author).
Book Synopsis A Modeling Study of the Influence of Large Scale Wave Transport on Stratospheric Trace Gases by : Wanli Wu
Download or read book A Modeling Study of the Influence of Large Scale Wave Transport on Stratospheric Trace Gases written by Wanli Wu and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Energy Processes and Associated Atmospheric Long-wave Structure in Winter by : H. Stuart Muench
Download or read book Stratospheric Energy Processes and Associated Atmospheric Long-wave Structure in Winter written by H. Stuart Muench and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studies of the Stratospheric General Circulation by : Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Meteorology
Download or read book Studies of the Stratospheric General Circulation written by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Meteorology and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the studies reported under this contract was to elucidate the various mechanisms by which the budgets of energy, angular momentum and mass for the stratospheric region are satisfied. In this respect the objectives coincided with the purpose of work done simultaneously under AEC support. Similar studies for the atmospheric regions from the surface up to 100 mb have been reported in detail in previous Final Reports (Studies of the Atmospheric General Circulation I, II and III, 1954, 1957, and 1959 under contracts AF19(122)-153, AF19(604)- 1000, and AF19(604)2242) and it will be recalled that a general finding was that large-scale quasi-horizontal eddy processes proved to be the principal agents in the transfer of angular momentum, in the generation of mean zonal kinetic energy and in the transfer of heat energy. Prior to the International Geophysical Year many of the workers who discussed the stratospheric general circulation invoked mean meridional motions in an essentially quiescent region to satisfy what were thought to be the requirements for transfer. Thus there appeared to be a basic difference in the predominating motion systems in the two regions and the cause was generally ascribed to the large static stability of the stratosphere as compared with the troposphere. The object in the present studies was to make diagnostic calculations of terms in the energy and momentum budgets of the stratosphere using the techniques previously applied to the troposphere and with as large a data sample as possible. The International Geophysical Year was selected for study because a special effort was made throughout that time to attain high altitudes with the wind and temperature sensors and all data were carefully checked and published by the World Meteorological Organization. The report opens with an examination by Professor Starr of the possible role of the vertical advection of kinetic energy in the stratospheric energy budget; the paper raised questions that we sought to answer from the observations reported in the following papers. The second paper, by Barnes, is a detailed study of the energy budget of the northern hemisphere stratosphere during the first six months of the IGY. Barnes' paper includes a description of the data-processing techniques used in all of the studies herein. All the terms in the budget which can be evaluated from wind and temperature observations are considered. Terms including diabatic heating could not of course be evaluated on a day-to-day basis but for some of them estimates have been included which apply to long periods. It appears from Barnes, work that both Reynolds' stresses and Coriolis forces acting on mean meridional motions are of importance in the energy budget. Many of the terms in the energy budget are estimated from data for the first time; in this respect it should be noted that diabatic effects are thought to be smaller in the lower stratosphere than elsewhere in the atmosphere but nevertheless as Barnes shows they cannot be ignored. The third paper, by Dickinson, examines the stratospheric angular momentum budget for the first year of the IGY period. In this case quasi-horizontal eddies seem to be of paramount importance and the mean meridional motions necessary to accomplish a balanced budget depend very strongly on the values selected for the vertical eddy diffusion coefficient. If these are assumed to be large (~/ 10 6cm 2sec-1) then significant mean meridional motions are involved but for small values (~10 3 cm2 sec-1) the mean motions are extremely small (
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book PASCAL. written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pathways for Communicating the Effects of Stratospheric Ozone to Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Climate by : John Robert Albers
Download or read book Pathways for Communicating the Effects of Stratospheric Ozone to Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Climate written by John Robert Albers and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central objective of this thesis is to establish a framework for understanding how zonally asymmetric ozone (ZAO) and zonal-mean ozone combine to communicate changes in stratospheric ozone to the Earth's climate system. Achieving this objective revolves around three major research tasks. Tasks one and two use a mechanistic chemistry-dynamical model, while the third task incorporates the NOGAPS general circulation model. The first task develops a generalized framework for understanding how ZAO affects planetary wave driving and circulation of the middle atmosphere. The second task uses this framework to analyze how ozone loss and recovery "precondition" planetary waves as they propagate upwards through the lower stratosphere, thereby generating large circulation changes in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The final task utilizes the hypotheses developed in tasks one and two within the context of a general circulation model with interactive stratospheric chemistry. As part of task one, a mechanistic model that couples quasigeostrophic dynamics, radiative transfer, ozone transport, and ozone photochemistry was developed to study the effects of ZAO on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) polar vortex. ZAO affects the vortex via two pathways. The first pathway (P1) hinges on modulation of the propagation and damping of a planetary wave by ZAO; the second pathway (P2) hinges on modulation of the wave-ozone flux convergences by ZAO. In the steady state, both P1 and P2 play important roles in modulating the zonal-mean circulation. The relative importance of wave propagation versus wave damping in P1 is diagnosed using an ozone-modified refractive index and an ozone-modified vertical energy flux. In the lower stratosphere, ZAO causes wave propagation and wave damping to oppose each other. The result is a small change in planetary wave drag but a large reduction in wave amplitude. Thus in the lower stratosphere, ZAO "preconditions'' the wave before it propagates into the upper stratosphere, where damping due to photochemically accelerated cooling dominates, causing a large reduction in planetary wave drag and thus a colder polar vortex. Task two examines the role of ozone in communicating secular and episodic changes in lower stratospheric ozone to affect the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. It is found that while the radiative effects of the ozone loss are confined to the ozone loss region (below ~30 km in height), the ozone-dynamical feedbacks amplify the response throughout the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. In particular, ozone-dynamical feedbacks cause decreased zonal-mean winds and increased residual downwelling in the upper stratosphere. The final task utilizes an atmospheric general circulation model. It is found that ZAO profoundly changes the morphology of the NH planetary waveguide (PWG). ZAO causes the PWG to contract meridionally and expand vertically, with a significant increase in vertical wave propagation. Consequently, there is a significant increase in the upward flux of wave activity from the troposphere and lower stratosphere into the interior of the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The ZAO-induced changes in the PWG increase the Eliassen-Palm flux divergence, causing a warmer and weaker stratospheric polar vortex. The implications for accurately modeling wave-driven phenomena in the middle atmosphere, including sudden stratospheric warmings, 11-year solar cycle-modulated wave activity, and the Brewer-Dobson circulation is examined in light of the ability of ZAO to alter the flux of planetary wave activity into the polar vortex.
Book Synopsis Development of Algorithms for Using Satellite Meteorological Data Sets to Study Global Transport of Stratospheric Aerosols and Ozone by :
Download or read book Development of Algorithms for Using Satellite Meteorological Data Sets to Study Global Transport of Stratospheric Aerosols and Ozone written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Planetary-wave-induced Transport in the Stratosphere by : Diane Pendlebury
Download or read book Planetary-wave-induced Transport in the Stratosphere written by Diane Pendlebury and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global mass circulation in the stratosphere is constrained by the downward control principle (Haynes et al. 1991). Stratospheric wave drag, produced by the breaking and dissipation of planetary waves, acts as a pump, drawing tracers from the equator to the pole and resulting in the observed Brewer-Dobson circulation. At present, the theoretical understanding of this process has limitations. It can be shown that for linear, small-amplitude waves, the Lagrangian mean velocities and the transformed Eulerian mean velocities are the same and are a direct result of the wave drag. However, it is not clear that this relationship holds in general; in particular, the stratosphere is clearly a nonlinear system with breaking planetary waves in the surf zone. Thus, while the existence of the wave-induced circulation is not under debate, its quantitative determination remains problematic. The purpose of this work is to include the effects of nonlinear, breaking waves by using a 3d primitive equations model to study the effect of the wave forcing on the traditional diagnostic quantities (the Eliassen-Palm flux divergence and the residual circulation) and to use off-line particle advection to quantify the resulting Lagrangian transport. Attention is deliberately focused on a weak forcing regime, so that sudden warmings do not occur, in order to test the theory in the cleanest possible context. It is shown that while the theory holds for small-amplitude and weakly nonlinear regimes, discrepancies arise in the strongly nonlinear regime. While the EP flux divergence is largely negative in the stratosphere, regions of reversed potential vorticity gradient lead to a positive EP flux divergence. Positive EP flux divergence can be associated with regions of dynamical instability, wherein there is in-situ generation of wave activity. Furthermore, the correspondence between the meridional residual and transport velocities becomes poor in regions where the flow is permitted to develop smaller scales through wave breaking. This is less true for the vertical transport and residual velocities, which seem to show better agreement, even in the surf zone and in regions of large amplitude waves. This is especially the case wherever particle paths are coherent, so that diabatic dispersion is minimized. The results from the primitive equations model are compared with those from the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model to test the robustness of the results.
Book Synopsis Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change by : Rolf Müller (physicien.)
Download or read book Stratospheric Ozone Depletion and Climate Change written by Rolf Müller (physicien.) and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, several new concepts have emerged in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion, creating a need for a concise in-depth publication covering the ozone-climate issue. This monograph fills that void in the literature and gives detailed treatment of recent advances in the field of stratospheric ozone depletion. It puts particular emphasis on the coupling between changes in the ozone layer and atmospheric change caused by a changing climate. The book, written by leading experts in the field, brings the reader the most recent research in this area and fills the gap between advanced textbooks and assessments.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Coupling and Chemical Transport Between the Stratosphere and the Troposphere by : Huang Yang
Download or read book Dynamic Coupling and Chemical Transport Between the Stratosphere and the Troposphere written by Huang Yang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the stratosphere and troposphere are separately different in many aspects (thermal structure, dynamic circulation, chemical composition and etc.), studies in recent decades have indicated a much stronger connection between these two distinct layers. Dynamically, the stratospheric circulation is driven by the eddies that are dominantly generated in the troposphere, whereas the troospheric circulation varies, in some ocassion, mostly due to the circulation and eddy perturbation originated in the stratosphere. The exchange and transport between the two layers, on the other hand, tend to alter the chemical compostion on both sides, and hence induce subsequent influences on the chemistry and radiation within the two layers. In this study, we further enrich the understanding on the connection between the stratosphere and troposphere by examining their dynamic coupling and chemical exchange. We first investigate the dynamic impact from the troposphere to the stratosphere by examining the role of tropical sea surface temperature (SST). By designing several idealized SST forcing simulations in an aqua-planet model, we find that the zonal distribution of SST perturbations has a major impact on the vertical and meridional structure of the BDC as compared with other SST characteristics. Zonally localized SST heatings tend to generate a shallow acceleration of the stratospheric residual circulation, whereas SST heatings with a zonally symmetric structure tend to produce a deep strengthening of the stratospheric residual circulation. The shallow versus deep strengthening of the stratospheric residual circulation change has been linked to wave propagation and dissipation in the subtropical lower stratosphere rather than wave generation in the troposphere. The dynamic impact from the stratosphere to the troposphere is then discussed by focusing on the downward influence of polar stratospheric ozone depletion. Three possible mechanisms are examined in an idealized dry model: the polar stratospheric cooling impacts tropospheric synoptic eddies via (a) the direct influences on the lower stratospheric synoptic eddies, (b) the planetary wave-induced residual circulation, and (c) the planetary eddy - synoptic eddy nonlinear interaction. It is argued that the planetary wave-induced residual circulation is not the dominant mechanism, and that the planetary eddies and further nonlinear interaction with synoptic eddies are more likely the key to the downward influence of the ozone depletion-like cooling. Last, the chemical interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere is explored by quantifying the stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) of ozone. The specified dynamics (SD) version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) is used to estimate the ozone STE along different isentropic surfaces (isentropic ozone STE herein). Net troposphere-to-stratosphere ozone STE is diagnosed in the subtropics (350 K - 380 K), while net stratosphereto-troposphere ozone STE is diagnosed in the extratropics (280 K - 350 K), with different magnitudes and seasonalities over different isentropic (meridional) regions. Potential vorticity (PV) sources induced by both differential diabatic heating and isentropic mixing contribute to the diagnosed isentropic ozone STE flux, but the latter is slightly larger. Moreover, results in the SD-WACCM are generally consistent with the analysis in a different model, the SD version of the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM), but the SD-CMAM diagnoses a smaller STE flux. This difference is associated with the different extent of isentropic mixing between the two models.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Physical Climatology by : Dennis L. Hartmann
Download or read book Global Physical Climatology written by Dennis L. Hartmann and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1994-07-06 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Physical Climatology is an introductory text devoted to the fundamental physical principles and problems of climate sensitivity and change. Addressing some of the most critical issues in climatology, this text features incisive coverage of topics that are central to understanding orbital parameter theory for past climate changes, and for anthropogenic and natural causes of near-future changes-- Key Features * Covers the physics of climate change * Examines the nature of the current climate and its previous changes * Explores the sensitivity of climate and the mechanisms by which humans are likely to produce near-future climate changes * Provides instructive end-of-chapter exercises and appendices
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Evolution on Inhabited and Lifeless Worlds by : David C. Catling
Download or read book Atmospheric Evolution on Inhabited and Lifeless Worlds written by David C. Catling and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and authoritative text on the formation and evolution of planetary atmospheres, for graduate-level students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Saturn in the 21st Century by : Kevin H. Baines
Download or read book Saturn in the 21st Century written by Kevin H. Baines and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed overview of Saturn's formation, evolution and structure written by eminent planetary scientists involved in the Cassini Orbiter mission.
Book Synopsis Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere by : Mangalathayil Ali Abdu
Download or read book Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere written by Mangalathayil Ali Abdu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-26 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a multi-author treatise on the most outstanding research problems in the field of the aeronomy of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere, encompassing the science covered by Division II of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). It contains several review articles and detailed papers by leading scientists in the field. The book is organized in five parts: 1) Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Dynamics and Chemistry; 2) Vertical Coupling by Upward Propagating Waves; 3) Ionospheric Electrodynamics and Structuring; 4) Thermosphere- Ionosphere Coupling, Dynamics and Trends and 5) Ionosphere-Thermosphere Disturbances and Modeling. The book consolidates the progress achieved in the field in recent years and it serves as a useful reference for graduate students as well as experienced researchers.
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