A Molecular Diagnostic Survey Of Pathogens And Parasites Of Honey Bees Apis Mellifera L From Arkansas And Oklahoma

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A Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Pathogens and Parasites of Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera L., from Arkansas and Oklahoma

Author : Dylan Alexandra Cleary
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis A Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Pathogens and Parasites of Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera L., from Arkansas and Oklahoma by : Dylan Alexandra Cleary

Download or read book A Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Pathogens and Parasites of Honey Bees, Apis Mellifera L., from Arkansas and Oklahoma written by Dylan Alexandra Cleary and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The health and viability of colonies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, in the United States have fluctuated dramatically over the past decade. This poses a substantial threat to agricultural production in this country. Currently, no single factor has been identified for this decline. Rather, it has been suggested that the interaction between multiple biotic and abiotic stressors may be responsible. Among these factors are pesticides, habitat loss, climate and weather, parasites and pathogens, and colony management techniques. For this reason, it is important to examine the prevalence of honey bee parasite and pathogen infection at the state level in comparison to national survey data. In the research described herein, molecular diagnostics were performed on worker honey bee samples from Arkansas hobbyist beekeepers and Oklahoma migratory beekeepers to detect the presence of the following A. mellifera pathogens and parasites: protozoans Nosema apis and N. ceranae; bacterial pathogens Spiroplasma apis and S. melliferum; Trypanosomatid parasites Crithidia mellificae and Lotmaria passim and the parasitic phorid fly Apocephalus borealis. A study including both migratory honey bee colonies and hobbyist managed colonies provides a more comprehensive distribution of where these parasite and pathogen species are occurring and potentially why they are occurring. The study determined that N. ceranae (H=11.6%, M=27.6), L. passim (H=11.3%, M=1.1%), and V. destructor (H=45.5%, M=17.2%), occur in both hobbyist and migratory managed colonies. Nosema ceranae was more prevalent in the migratory colonies than the hobbyist colonies. Spiroplasma was also detected in the Oklahoma migratory colony samples (8.05%), but not in the Arkansas hobbyist colonies. Both V. destructor and L. passim were more prevalent in the hobbyist managed colonies. This research resulted in the first detection of Lotmaria passim in Arkansas honey bees, as well as the first documented detection of L. passim and S. melliferum in Oklahoma. Apocephalus borealis, C. mellificae, N. apis, and S. apis were not detected in either the migratory nor the hobbyist colonies. This study compares honey bee management practices at the hobbyist and migratory level to better understand how management influences parasite and pathogen spread and abundance. The use of state-level surveys, when examining parasite and pathogen occurrence, allows for a better understanding of how these pests are spreading, as well as how quickly and by what means.

Molecular Survey for the Honey Bee Trypanosome Parasites Crithidia Mellificae and Lotmaria Passim

Author : Mary-Kate Frances Williams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Survey for the Honey Bee Trypanosome Parasites Crithidia Mellificae and Lotmaria Passim by : Mary-Kate Frances Williams

Download or read book Molecular Survey for the Honey Bee Trypanosome Parasites Crithidia Mellificae and Lotmaria Passim written by Mary-Kate Frances Williams and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honey bee populations have been fluctuating within recent years. No one cause has been attributed to colony fluctuations due to the theory that multiple stressors interact with one another to impact colony health. Consequently, microorganisms such as internal parasites of honey bees have been understudied as a contributor to colony health decline. Molecular diagnostics were utilized to detect the presence of two honey bee trypanosome parasites, Crithidia mellificae and Lotmaria passim, in managed and feral honey bee populations from eight states in the United States (USA). Because studies on trypanosome infections are lacking in the USA, it is important to know how frequently honey bee colonies are infected and if management techniques are impacting colony susceptibility to trypanosome infections. This is the first national survey for honey bee trypanosomes in the USA. This study confirmed that L. passim is present in the USA, but C. mellificae was not observed from the sampled colonies. From the 1,360 honey bee colonies that were screened, 11% were infected with L. passim. New York samples had the highest infection rate and Utah samples had the lowest. One state from the survey (Mississippi) did not have any samples positive for L. passim. The proportion of samples positive for L. passim was significantly different between managed and feral honey bee colonies. Results from this study revealed that L. passim has a widespread distribution in the USA and should be monitored as a contributor to honey bee health decline. Subsequent analyses were performed on the data set to understand trypanosome infections between two honey bee subspecies, co-infection with a fungal pathogen, seasonality in the USA, and if queen breeding facilities are distributing trypanosomes in the USA. This research demonstrates the importance of learning more about internal parasites because it is unknown to what extent internal parasites impact honey bee health. Therefore, it is imperative to understand how internal parasites impact honey bees. Further research should be conducted to observe how trypanosomes are spread in the environment and what type of preventative measures should be taken to ensure colonies remain healthy.

Honey Bees and Intestinal Disease

Author : Holly Holt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis Honey Bees and Intestinal Disease by : Holly Holt

Download or read book Honey Bees and Intestinal Disease written by Holly Holt and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollinators are integral to modern agricultural productivity and the continued survival and vitality of natural ecosystems. However, recent declines in pollinator populations and species diversity threaten both food security and the architecture of natural habitats. Due to their vital role in agriculture, honey bees (Apis mellifera) have served as a model organism for investigating the alarming and widespread diminution of pollinator populations. Indeed, surveys from both North America and Europe report large annual colony losses. Parasites along with chemical exposure, poor nutrition, climate change and habitat destruction are frequently cited as leading causes of colony loss. Honey bee colonies are assaulted by a battery of bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens in addition to other parasitic arthropods including mites and beetles. Novel, cost-effective disease management practices are desperately needed to preserve colony health. Basic studies investigating honey bee immunity and disease pathology lay the groundwork for developing efficacious diagnostic tools and treatments. Here, we present a series of studies characterizing honey bee immunity and the molecular, physiological and behavioral responses of honey bees to two important fungal pathogens, Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Chapter 1 reviews the current state of research on these prevalent and destructive disease agents and highlights future studies that are needed to develop effective management practices. Chapter 2 investigates worker honey bee genomic responses to general immune stimulation. Findings from these experiments provide a contextual framework for Chapter 3's studies, which characterize worker honey bee genomic responses to infection with Nosema parasites and offer a molecular model for explaining previously documented disease symptoms. Chapter 4 investigates drone (male) honey bee molecular, physiological and behavioral responses to Nosema infection and underscores potential caste-specific responses to infection that have larger implications for colony fitness. Finally, Chapter 5 summarizes novel findings from this dissertation, integrates results with current scientific literature and discusses the future of Nosema management.

The Potential Impact of Pathogens on Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera L., Colonies and Possibilities for Their Control

Author : Suresh Desai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis The Potential Impact of Pathogens on Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera L., Colonies and Possibilities for Their Control by : Suresh Desai

Download or read book The Potential Impact of Pathogens on Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera L., Colonies and Possibilities for Their Control written by Suresh Desai and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excessive honey bee colony losses all over the world are believed to be caused by multiple stressors. In this thesis, I characterized and quantified pathogen levels in honey bee colonies, studied their interactions with each other and with their associated parasite vectors, examined factors that influence their combined impacts on honey bees and developed methods to manage honey bee viruses so that colony losses can be minimized. My baseline study of virus prevalence and concentration in healthy and unhealthy (showing visible signs of disease) colonies in Canada showed that seven economically important viruses (DWV, BQCV, IAPV, KBV, SBV, ABPV, and CBPV) were all widely distributed in Canada. Differences in concentration and prevalence of some viruses were found between unhealthy and healthy colonies but these differences may have been due in part to seasonal or regional effects. Studies of the impact of viruses on worker bee populations over winter showed different factors were correlated with bee loss in different environments. Spring concentrations of DWV and mean abundance of Varroa (Varroa destructor) were positively correlated with bee loss and negatively correlated with spring population size in outdoor-wintered colonies. Fall concentration of IAPV was negatively correlated with spring population size of colonies in indoor-wintering environments but not in outdoor-environments. My study showed that it is important to consider location of sampling when associating pathogen loads with bee loss with Nosema and BQCV. Seasonal patterns of parasites and pathogens were characterized for each wintering methods (indoor and outdoor). My results revealed lower ABPV and Nosema ceranae prevalence and lower DWV concentration in genetically diverse than genetically similar colonies. I showed that within colony genetic diversity may be an important evolutionary adaptation to allow honey bees to defend against a wide range of diseases. In laboratory studies, I showed that feeding DWV to larvae in the absence of Varroa causes wing deformity and decreased survival rates of adult bees relative to bees not fed DWV. Finally, I showed that RNA silencing can be used to reduce DWV concentrations in immature and adult bees, reduce wing deformity in emerging adults, and increase their longevity relative to controls.

The prevalent and incidence Rate of Honey Bee Diseases and Pests. Selected Districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromianational Regional State in Ethiopia

Download The prevalent and incidence Rate of Honey Bee Diseases and Pests. Selected Districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromianational Regional State in Ethiopia PDF Online Free

Author : Amsalu Arega
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346363724
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (463 download)

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Book Synopsis The prevalent and incidence Rate of Honey Bee Diseases and Pests. Selected Districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromianational Regional State in Ethiopia by : Amsalu Arega

Download or read book The prevalent and incidence Rate of Honey Bee Diseases and Pests. Selected Districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromianational Regional State in Ethiopia written by Amsalu Arega and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-03-15 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2018 im Fachbereich Biologie - Krankheiten, Gesundheit, Ernährung, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The study was conducted in East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, from December, 2016 up to August, 2017 to determine the prevalent and incidence rate of honeybee disease and pests. Questionnaire survey and laboratory diagnostic methods were used for the study. The questionnaire was administered to 146 beekeepers (97,1% males)and two honeybee colony samples from each beekeeper totally (292 honeybee colonies) were collected from transitional and frame box hives for laboratory diagnosis. The honeybee samples collected were examined in laboratory for the prevalent and incidence rate of honeybee disease pathogens and pests. Majority of the respondents started beekeeping after 2010 (28.03%) by catching colonies as honey bee colony source (54.8%). The major dearth period of the area was late march to early may. The trend of beekeeping in the study area was shifting from traditional to modern beekeeping and the trend of honeybee colony and its yield was decreasing due to honeybee health problem of the area (pests, predators, pathogenic disease, high cost of bee equipment and agro-chemical application). In the study area the major pests and predators considered as challenges were ants, beetles, wax moth, varroa destructor and some predators like honey badgers, bee eater birds, dead head hawks moth, lizards, wasps and birds respectively. Varroa, Nosema, Amoeba and chalk brood disease were confirmed while tracheal mite, stone brood, Ameriacan and Europian foul brood did not confirmed during the study period. The prevalentand incidence of varroa destructor was higher in dry season than wet season while the prevalent/incidence rate of nosema and chalk brood disease was limited during dry season. Amoeba disease was distributed in both seasons.For the reason of time restraint in this study area, farther study on economic threshold of honeybee disease and pests is suggested by monitoring throughout the year.

Diagnosis of Honey Bee Diseases by

Author : United States Department of Agriculture
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781542728270
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Diagnosis of Honey Bee Diseases by by : United States Department of Agriculture

Download or read book Diagnosis of Honey Bee Diseases by written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-01-24 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apiary inspectors and beekeepers must be able to recognize bee diseases and parasites and to differentiate the serious diseases from the less important ones. This handbook describes laboratory techniques (particularly those of the USDA-ARS Bee Research Laboratory) used to diagnose diseases and other abnormalities of the honey bee and to identify parasites and pests. Includes directions for sending diseased brood and adult honey bees for diagnosis of bee disease.

Diagnosis of Honey Bee Diseases

Author : U S Department of Agriculture
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780359795017
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Diagnosis of Honey Bee Diseases by : U S Department of Agriculture

Download or read book Diagnosis of Honey Bee Diseases written by U S Department of Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-16 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Apiary inspectors and beekeepers must be able to recognize bee diseases and parasites and to differentiate the serious diseases from the less important ones. This handbook describes laboratory techniques used to diagnose diseases and other abnormalities of the honey bee and to identify parasites and pests. Emphasis is placed on the techniques used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Bee Research Laboratory. Included are directions for submitting, through APHIS-PPQ or state regulators, samples of suspected Africanized honey bees for identification of subspecies. Also included are directions for sending diseased brood and adult honey bees for diagnosis of bee disease.

An Examination of Pests and Pathogens of the Honeybee (Apis Mellifera L.) in Malawi

Author : Vitus Gomamtunda Dzoole Mwale
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis An Examination of Pests and Pathogens of the Honeybee (Apis Mellifera L.) in Malawi by : Vitus Gomamtunda Dzoole Mwale

Download or read book An Examination of Pests and Pathogens of the Honeybee (Apis Mellifera L.) in Malawi written by Vitus Gomamtunda Dzoole Mwale and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Genetic Structure of Feral Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) Populations in California

Author : David Irven Nielsen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Structure of Feral Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) Populations in California by : David Irven Nielsen

Download or read book Genetic Structure of Feral Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera L.) Populations in California written by David Irven Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Detection of Pathogen Spillover Between Managed Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera L.) and Native Pollinators (Bombus Spp.) Through Quantification of RNA Viruses

Download Detection of Pathogen Spillover Between Managed Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera L.) and Native Pollinators (Bombus Spp.) Through Quantification of RNA Viruses PDF Online Free

Author : Cole Robson-Hyska
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Detection of Pathogen Spillover Between Managed Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera L.) and Native Pollinators (Bombus Spp.) Through Quantification of RNA Viruses by : Cole Robson-Hyska

Download or read book Detection of Pathogen Spillover Between Managed Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera L.) and Native Pollinators (Bombus Spp.) Through Quantification of RNA Viruses written by Cole Robson-Hyska and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA viruses are a contributor to recent honey bee disappearances and may have spilled over to bumble bees from honey bees (HB). This hypothesis is addressed by comparing the prevalence and intensity of seven viruses in bumble bees captured in proximity to and isolation from managed honey bee colonies. Additionally, sampling method for bees and different storage variables are compared for accuracy in estimating viruses in field-caught specimens. Prevalence was lower in isolated bumble bees for DWV, BQCV and SBV and higher for IAPV. KBV, ABPV and CBPV infections were rare. Virus intensity was higher in HB-exposed sites than unexposed sites for one virus and never higher in bumble bees than in honey bees. This suggests that spillover is likely, but viral dynamics are complicated and movement may occur in both directions. Additionally, specimens should be stored at -80°C with no medium recommended for relative preservation of host and viral RNA.

Bee Pollination in Agricultural Ecosystems

Author : Rosalind R. James
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195316959
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Bee Pollination in Agricultural Ecosystems by : Rosalind R. James

Download or read book Bee Pollination in Agricultural Ecosystems written by Rosalind R. James and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-09 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the interplay among bees, agriculture and the environment. Both managed and wild bees are critical for successful pollination of numerous fruit, vegetable, oilseed and legume seed crops and are considered here. So is treatment of how bees also impact the agro-ecosystem in ways beyond simple pollination, such as by transporting pollen from genetically modified plants and by enhancing biological control strategies. The principles and examples are international. The concept is in line with current thinking of pollination as an important ecological process, and an understanding of agriculture as disturbance ecology.

Agrindex

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 856 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Agrindex by :

Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Bibliography of Agriculture

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 944 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Bibliography of Agriculture by :

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Medical and Veterinary Entomology

Author : Gary R. Mullen
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080919693
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical and Veterinary Entomology by : Gary R. Mullen

Download or read book Medical and Veterinary Entomology written by Gary R. Mullen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-04-22 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Second Edition, has been fully updated and revised to provide the latest information on developments in entomology relating to public health and veterinary importance. Each chapter is structured with the student in mind, organized by the major headings of Taxonomy, Morphology, Life History, Behavior and Ecology, Public Health and Veterinary Importance, and Prevention and Control. This second edition includes separate chapters devoted to each of the taxonomic groups of insects and arachnids of medical or veterinary concern, including spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks. Internationally recognized editors Mullen and Durden include extensive coverage of both medical and veterinary entomological importance. This book is designed for teaching and research faculty in medical and veterinary schools that provide a course in vector borne diseases and medical entomology; parasitologists, entomologists, and government scientists responsible for oversight and monitoring of insect vector borne diseases; and medical and veterinary school libraries and libraries at institutions with strong programs in entomology. Follows in the tradition of Herm's Medical and Veterinary Entomology The latest information on developments in entomology relating to public health and veterinary importance Two separate indexes for enhanced searchability: Taxonomic and Subject New to this edition: Three new chapters Morphological Adaptations of Parasitic Arthropods Forensic Entomology Molecular Tools in Medical and Veterinary Entomology 1700 word glossary Appendix of Arthropod-Related Viruses of Medical-Veterinary Importance Numerous new full-color images, illustrations and maps throughout

Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder

Author : Renee Johnson
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437928196
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder by : Renee Johnson

Download or read book Honey Bee Colony Collapse Disorder written by Renee Johnson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Starting in late 2006, commercial migratory beekeepers along the East Coast of the U.S. began reporting sharp declines in their honey bee colonies. Scientists named this phenomenon Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Overall, the number of managed honey bee colonies dropped an estimated 35.8% in the winter of 2007/2008. The reasons for colony losses are not yet known. Contents of this report: (1) Importance of Honey Bee Pollination; (2) Extent and Symptoms of CCD: Past Honey Bee Population Losses; How CCD Differs from Past Bee Colony Losses; Symptoms of CCD; Possible Causes of CCD; Other Related Events; (3) Issues for Congress; 2008 Farm Bill: Conservation; Research; Insurance and Disaster Provisions. Charts and tables.

Bibliography of Agriculture

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Bibliography of Agriculture by :

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1990-02 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests

Author : M.J.B. Vreysen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402060599
Total Pages : 758 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests by : M.J.B. Vreysen

Download or read book Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests written by M.J.B. Vreysen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insect pests are becoming a problem of ever-more biblical proportions. This new textbook collates a series of selected papers that attempt to address various fundamental components of area-wide insect pest control. Of special interest are the numerous papers on pilot and operational programs that pay special attention to practical problems encountered during program implementation. It’s a compilation of more than 60 papers authored by experts from more than 30 countries.