A History Of Hygiene In Modern France

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A History of Hygiene in Modern France

Author : Steven Zdatny
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 135042871X
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of Hygiene in Modern France by : Steven Zdatny

Download or read book A History of Hygiene in Modern France written by Steven Zdatny and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-21 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells the story of an epochal change in the human condition that was part of what is often thought of as 'modernization' -a process that remade culture and society in France in the 19th and 20th centuries. Hygiene, Steven Zdatny convincingly contends, was that change. He reflects on how the development of hygiene: changed the way people thought about and treated their bodies; put an end to age-old afflictions and brought comfort where discomfort had been the unavoidable companion of existence; and helped produce a tripling of life expectancy. The book considers how the evolution of hygiene produced a society where people washed often, changed their clothes every day, lived without lice and scabies, and performed their natural functions indoors. It reflects on developments in industrial plumbing, public education, government investment, the invention of new products to keep bodies and homes clean, and a parallel makeover in the expectations, sensibilities, and practices about what is 'proper' and what is disgusting. These developments, the study reveals, were not steady and did not happen everywhere at the same pace. But in the fullness of time, they produced a revolution in the human condition.

The Clean Body

Author : Peter Ward
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN 13 : 0228000629
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis The Clean Body by : Peter Ward

Download or read book The Clean Body written by Peter Ward and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How often did our ancestors bathe? How often did they wash their clothes and change them? What did they understand cleanliness to be? Why have our hygienic habits changed so dramatically over time? In short, how have we come to be so clean? The Clean Body explores one of the most fundamental and pervasive cultural changes in Western history since the seventeenth century: the personal hygiene revolution. In the age of Louis XIV bathing was rare and hygiene was mainly a matter of wearing clean underclothes. By the late twentieth century frequent - often daily - bathing had become the norm and wearing freshly laundered clothing the general practice. Cleanliness, once simply a requirement for good health, became an essential element of beauty. Beneath this transformation lay a sea change in understandings, motives, ideologies, technologies, and practices, all of which shaped popular habits over time. Peter Ward explains that what began as an urban bourgeois phenomenon in the later eighteenth century became a universal condition by the end of the twentieth, touching young and old, rich and poor, city dwellers and country residents alike. Based on a wealth of sources in English, French, German, and Italian, The Clean Body surveys the great hygienic transformation that took place across Europe and North America over the course of four centuries.

Concepts of Cleanliness

Author : Georges Vigarello
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521342481
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts of Cleanliness by : Georges Vigarello

Download or read book Concepts of Cleanliness written by Georges Vigarello and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study uses the French experience to examine one fundamental aspect of the 'civilizing process': cleanliness.

Bodily and Spiritual Hygiene in Medieval and Early Modern Literature

Author : Albrecht Classen
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110523388
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Bodily and Spiritual Hygiene in Medieval and Early Modern Literature by : Albrecht Classen

Download or read book Bodily and Spiritual Hygiene in Medieval and Early Modern Literature written by Albrecht Classen and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While most people today take hygiene and medicine for granted, they both have had their own history. We can gain deep insights into the pre-modern world by studying its health-care system, its approaches to medicine, and concept of hygiene. Already the early Middle Ages witnessed great interest in bathing (hot and cold), swimming, and good personal hygiene. Medical activities grew over time, but even early medieval monks were already great experts in treating the sick. The contributions examine literary, medical, historical texts and images and probe the information we can glean from them. The interdisciplinary approach of this volume makes it possible to view this large field in a complex and diversified manner, taking into account both early medieval and early modern treatises on medicine, water, bathing, and health. Such a cultural-historical perspective creates a most valuable bridge connecting literary and scientific documents under the umbrella of the history of mentality and history of everyday life. The volume does not aim at idealizing the past, but it definitely intends to deconstruct modern myths about the 'dirty' and 'unhealthy' Middle Ages and early modern age.

The Great Nation in Decline

Author : Sean M. Quinlan
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 9780754660989
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (69 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Nation in Decline by : Sean M. Quinlan

Download or read book The Great Nation in Decline written by Sean M. Quinlan and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies how doctors responded to, and helped shape deep-seated fears about nervous degeneracy and population decline in France between 1750 and 1850. It uncovers a rich and far-ranging medical debate in which four generations of hygiene activists used biomedical science to transform the self, sexuality and community in order to regenerate a sick and decaying nation--a programme doctors labelled 'physical and moral hygiene'. The study argues that medicine acquired an unprecedented political, social and cultural position in French society, with doctors becoming the primary spokesmen for bourgeois values, and thus helped to define the new world that emerged from the post-revolutionary period.

Fast Cars, Clean Bodies

Author : Kristin Ross
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262680912
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Fast Cars, Clean Bodies by : Kristin Ross

Download or read book Fast Cars, Clean Bodies written by Kristin Ross and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996-02-28 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast Cars, Clean Bodies examines the crucial decade from Dien Bien Phu to the mid-1960s when France shifted rapidly from an agrarian, insular, and empire-oriented society to a decolonized, Americanized, and fully industrial one. In this analysis of a startling cultural transformation Kristin Ross finds the contradictions of the period embedded in its various commodities and cultural artifacts—automobiles, washing machines, women's magazines, film, popular fiction, even structuralism—as well as in the practices that shape, determine, and delimit their uses. In each of the book's four chapters, a central object of mythical image is refracted across a range of discursive and material spaces: social and private, textual and cinematic, national and international. The automobile, the new cult of cleanliness in the capital and the colonies, the waning of Sartre and de Beauvoir as the couple of national attention, and the emergence of reshaped, functionalist masculinities (revolutionary, corporate, and structural) become the key elements in this prehistory of postmodernism in France. Modernization ideology, Ross argues, offered the promise of limitless, even timeless, development. By situating the rise of "end of history" ideologies within the context of France's transition into mass culture and consumption, Ross returns the touted timelessness of modernization to history. She shows how the realist fiction and film of the period, as well as the work of social theorists such as Barthes, Lefebvre, and Morin who began at the time to conceptualize "everyday life," laid bare the disruptions and the social costs of events. And she argues that the logic of the racism prevalent in France today, focused on the figure of the immigrant worker, is itself the outcome of the French state's embrace of capitalist modernization ideology in the 1950s and 1960s.

Clean

Author : Virginia Smith
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191579939
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Clean by : Virginia Smith

Download or read book Clean written by Virginia Smith and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2008-07-24 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do we still have nits? What exactly are 'purity rules'? And why have baths scarcely changed in 200 years? The long history of personal hygiene and purity is a fascinating subject that reveals how closely we are linked to our deeper past. In this pioneering book, Virginia Smith covers the global history of human body-care from the Neolithic to the present, using first-hand accounts and sources. From pre-historic grooming rituals to New Age medicine, from ascetics to cosmetics, Smith looks at how different cultures have interpreted and striven for personal cleanliness and shows how, throughout history, this striving for purity has brought great social benefits as well as great tragedies. It is probably safe to say that no-one who reads this book will look at his or her body (or bathroom) in quite the same way again.

A Social Laboratory for Modern France

Author : Janet Regina Horne
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780822327929
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (279 download)

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Book Synopsis A Social Laboratory for Modern France by : Janet Regina Horne

Download or read book A Social Laboratory for Modern France written by Janet Regina Horne and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2002-01-11 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIVDocuments the early days of the French welfare state through the Musée Social, an early think tank./div

The Dirt on Clean

Author : Katherine Ashenburg
Publisher : Macmillan + ORM
ISBN 13 : 1466867760
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (668 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dirt on Clean by : Katherine Ashenburg

Download or read book The Dirt on Clean written by Katherine Ashenburg and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A spirited chronicle of the West's ambivalent relationship with dirt The question of cleanliness is one every age and culture has answered with confidence. For the first-century Roman, being clean meant a two-hour soak in baths of various temperatures, scraping the body with a miniature rake, and a final application of oil. For the aristocratic Frenchman in the seventeenth century, it meant changing your shirt once a day and perhaps going so far as to dip your hands in some water. Did Napoleon know something we didn't when he wrote Josephine "I will return in five days. Stop washing"? And why is the German term Warmduscher—a man who washes in warm or hot water—invariably a slight against his masculinity? Katherine Ashenburg takes on such fascinating questions as these in Dirt on Clean, her charming tour of attitudes to hygiene through time. What could be more routine than taking up soap and water and washing yourself? And yet cleanliness, or the lack of it, is intimately connected to ideas as large as spirituality and sexuality, and historical events that include plagues, the Civil War, and the discovery of germs. An engrossing fusion of erudition and anecdote, Dirt on Clean considers the bizarre prescriptions of history's doctors, the hygienic peccadilloes of great authors, and the historic twists and turns that have brought us to a place Ashenburg considers hedonistic yet oversanitized.

The Pasteurization of France

Author : Bruno Latour
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674265300
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The Pasteurization of France by : Bruno Latour

Download or read book The Pasteurization of France written by Bruno Latour and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1993-10-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can one man accomplish, even a great man and brilliant scientist? Although every town in France has a street named for Louis Pasteur, was he alone able to stop people from spitting, persuade them to dig drains, influence them to undergo vaccination? Pasteur’s success depended upon a whole network of forces, including the public hygiene movement, the medical profession (both military physicians and private practitioners), and colonial interests. It is the operation of these forces, in combination with the talent of Pasteur, that Bruno Latour sets before us as a prime example of science in action. Latour argues that the triumph of the biologist and his methodology must be understood within the particular historical convergence of competing social forces and conflicting interests. Yet Pasteur was not the only scientist working on the relationships of microbes and disease. How was he able to galvanize the other forces to support his own research? Latour shows Pasteur’s efforts to win over the French public—the farmers, industrialists, politicians, and much of the scientific establishment. Instead of reducing science to a given social environment, Latour tries to show the simultaneous building of a society and its scientific facts. The first section of the book, which retells the story of Pasteur, is a vivid description of an approach to science whose theoretical implications go far beyond a particular case study. In the second part of the book, “Irreductions,” Latour sets out his notion of the dynamics of conflict and interaction, of the “relation of forces.” Latour’s method of analysis cuts across and through the boundaries of the established disciplines of sociology, history, and the philosophy of science, to reveal how it is possible not to make the distinction between reason and force. Instead of leading to sociological reductionism, this method leads to an unexpected irreductionism.

The Emergence of Tropical Medicine in France

Author : Michael A. Osborne
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022611466X
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis The Emergence of Tropical Medicine in France by : Michael A. Osborne

Download or read book The Emergence of Tropical Medicine in France written by Michael A. Osborne and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Emergence of Tropical Medicine in France examines the turbulent history of the ideas, people, and institutions of French colonial and tropical medicine from their early modern origins through World War I. Until the 1890s colonial medicine was in essence naval medicine, taught almost exclusively in a system of provincial medical schools built by the navy in the port cities of Brest, Rochefort-sur-Mer, Toulon, and Bordeaux. Michael A. Osborne draws out this separate species of French medicine by examining the histories of these schools and other institutions in the regional and municipal contexts of port life. Each site was imbued with its own distinct sensibilities regarding diet, hygiene, ethnicity, and race, all of which shaped medical knowledge and practice in complex and heretofore unrecognized ways. Osborne argues that physicians formulated localized concepts of diseases according to specific climatic and meteorological conditions, and assessed, diagnosed, and treated patients according to their ethnic and cultural origins. He also demonstrates that regions, more so than a coherent nation, built the empire and specific medical concepts and practices. Thus, by considering tropical medicine’s distinctive history, Osborne brings to light a more comprehensive and nuanced view of French medicine, medical geography, and race theory, all the while acknowledging the navy’s crucial role in combating illness and investigating the racial dimensions of health.

Ideals of the Body

Author : Sun-Young Park
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 082298606X
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Ideals of the Body by : Sun-Young Park

Download or read book Ideals of the Body written by Sun-Young Park and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern hygienic urbanism originated in the airy boulevards, public parks, and sewer system that transformed the Parisian cityscape in the mid-nineteenth century. Yet these well-known developments in public health built on a previous moment of anxiety about the hygiene of modern city dwellers. Amid fears of national decline that accompanied the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire, efforts to modernize Paris between 1800 and 1850 focused not on grand and comprehensive structural reforms, but rather on improving the bodily and mental fitness of the individual citizen. These forgotten efforts to renew and reform the physical and moral health of the urban subject found expression in the built environment of the city—in the gymnasiums, swimming pools, and green spaces of private and public institutions, from the pedagogical to the recreational. Sun-Young Park reveals how these anxieties about health and social order, which manifested in emerging ideals of the body, created a uniquely spatial and urban experience of modernity in the postrevolutionary capital, one profoundly impacted by hygiene, mobility, productivity, leisure, spectacle, and technology.

Evolution of Preventive Medicine

Author : Sir Arthur Newsholme
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution of Preventive Medicine by : Sir Arthur Newsholme

Download or read book Evolution of Preventive Medicine written by Sir Arthur Newsholme and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The History of Public Health and the Modern State

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004418369
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis The History of Public Health and the Modern State by :

Download or read book The History of Public Health and the Modern State written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on whether the construction of a public health system is an inherent characteristic of the managerial function of modern political systems. Thus, each essay traces the steps leading to the growth of health government in various nations, examining the specific conflicts and contradictions which each incurred.

The Great Stink of Paris and the Nineteenth-Century Struggle against Filth and Germs

Author : David S. Barnes
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 0801888735
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Stink of Paris and the Nineteenth-Century Struggle against Filth and Germs by : David S. Barnes

Download or read book The Great Stink of Paris and the Nineteenth-Century Struggle against Filth and Germs written by David S. Barnes and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2006-06-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scientific and social history surrounding the 1880 incident of a foul odor in Paris and the development of public health culture that followed. Late in the summer of 1880, a wave of odors enveloped large portions of Paris. As the stench lingered, outraged residents feared that the foul air would breed an epidemic. Fifteen years later—when the City of Light was in the grips of another Great Stink—the public conversation about health and disease had changed dramatically. Parisians held their noses and protested, but this time few feared that the odors would spread disease. Historian David S. Barnes examines the birth of a new microbe-centered science of public health during the 1880s and 1890s, when the germ theory of disease burst into public consciousness. Tracing a series of developments in French science, medicine, politics, and culture, Barnes reveals how the science and practice of public health changed during the heyday of the Bacteriological Revolution. Despite its many innovations, however, the new science of germs did not entirely sweep away the older “sanitarian” view of public health. The longstanding conviction that disease could be traced to filthy people, places, and substances remained strong, even as it was translated into the language of bacteriology. Ultimately, the attitudes of physicians and the French public were shaped by political struggles between republicans and the clergy, by aggressive efforts to educate and “civilize” the peasantry, and by long-term shifts in the public’s ability to tolerate the odor of bodily substances. “A well-developed study in medically related social history, it tells an intriguing tale and prompts us to ask how our own cultural contexts affect our views and actions regarding environmental and infectious scourges here and now.” —New England Journal of Medicine “Both a captivating story and a sophisticated historical study. Kudos to Barnes for this valuable and insightful book that both physicians and historians will enjoy.” —Journal of the American Medical Association

Dairy Queens

Author : Meredith Martin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674059476
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Dairy Queens by : Meredith Martin

Download or read book Dairy Queens written by Meredith Martin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-15 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a lively narrative that spans more than two centuries, Meredith Martin tells the story of a royal and aristocratic building type that has been largely forgotten today: the pleasure dairy of early modern France. These garden structures—most famously the faux-rustic, white marble dairy built for Marie-Antoinette’s Hameau at Versailles—have long been dismissed as the trifling follies of a reckless elite. Martin challenges such assumptions and reveals the pivotal role that pleasure dairies played in cultural and political life, especially with respect to polarizing debates about nobility, femininity, and domesticity. Together with other forms of pastoral architecture such as model farms and hermitages, pleasure dairies were crucial arenas for elite women to exercise and experiment with identity and power. Opening with Catherine de’ Medici’s lavish dairy at Fontainebleau (c. 1560), Martin’s book explores how French queens and noblewomen used pleasure dairies to naturalize their status, display their cultivated tastes, and proclaim their virtue as nurturing mothers and capable estate managers. Pleasure dairies also provided women with a site to promote good health, by spending time in salubrious gardens and consuming fresh milk. Illustrated with a dazzling array of images and photographs, Dairy Queens sheds new light on architecture, self, and society in the ancien régime.

Medical Imperialism in French North Africa

Author : Richard C. Parks
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 1496202899
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Imperialism in French North Africa by : Richard C. Parks

Download or read book Medical Imperialism in French North Africa written by Richard C. Parks and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2017-10 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: French-colonial Tunisia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries witnessed shifting concepts of identity, including varying theories of ethnic essentialism, a drive toward “modernization,” and imperialist interpretations of science and medicine. As French colonizers worked to realize ideas of a “modern” city and empire, they undertook a program to significantly alter the physical and social realities by which the people of Tunisia lived, often in ways that continue to influence life today. Medical Imperialism in French North Africa demonstrates the ways in which diverse members of the Jewish community of Tunis received, rejected, or reworked myriad imperial projects devised to foster the social, corporeal, and moral “regeneration” of their community. Buttressed by the authority of science and medicine, regenerationist schemes such as urban renewal projects and public health reforms were deployed to destroy and recast the cultural, social, and political lives of Jewish colonial subjects. Richard C. Parks expands on earlier scholarship to examine how notions of race, class, modernity, and otherness shaped these efforts. Looking at such issues as the plasticity of identity, the collaboration and contention between French and Tunisian Jewish communities, Jewish women’s negotiation of social power relationships in Tunis, and the razing of the city’s Jewish quarter, Parks fills the gap in current literature by focusing on the broader transnational context of French actions in colonial Tunisia.