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A Global Model Simulation For 3 D Radiative Transfer Impact On Surface Hydrology Over The Sierra Nevada And Rocky Mountains
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Book Synopsis A Global Model Simulation for 3-D Radiative Transfer Impact on Surface Hydrology Over the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains by :
Download or read book A Global Model Simulation for 3-D Radiative Transfer Impact on Surface Hydrology Over the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountains written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models by : Yangang Liu
Download or read book Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models written by Yangang Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving weather and climate prediction with better representation of fast processes in atmospheric models Many atmospheric processes that influence Earth’s weather and climate occur at spatiotemporal scales that are too small to be resolved in large scale models. They must be parameterized, which means approximately representing them by variables that can be resolved by model grids. Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities explores ways to better investigate and represent multiple parameterized processes in models and thus improve their ability to make accurate climate and weather predictions. Volume highlights include: Historical development of the parameterization of fast processes in numerical models Different types of major sub-grid processes and their parameterizations Efforts to unify the treatment of individual processes and their interactions Top-down versus bottom-up approaches across multiple scales Measurement techniques, observational studies, and frameworks for model evaluation Emerging challenges, new opportunities, and future research directions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis Springer Series in Light Scattering by : Alexander Kokhanovsky
Download or read book Springer Series in Light Scattering written by Alexander Kokhanovsky and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the spaceborne and airborne remote sensing of clouds including cloud lidar and radar data analysis, snow and soil reflectance spectroscopy, and single light scattering by nonspherical scatterers. Providing deep insights into the latest technologies, it is a valuable resource for scientists and postgraduate students alike.
Book Synopsis Hillslope Hydrology by : M. J. Kirkby
Download or read book Hillslope Hydrology written by M. J. Kirkby and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrologic Simulation Model of Colorado Subalpine Forest by : Charles F. Leaf
Download or read book Hydrologic Simulation Model of Colorado Subalpine Forest written by Charles F. Leaf and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309492432 Total Pages :29 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.
Book Synopsis Simulations with Radiative3d: a Software Tool for Radiative Transport in 3-d Earth Models by : Christopher J Sanborn
Download or read book Simulations with Radiative3d: a Software Tool for Radiative Transport in 3-d Earth Models written by Christopher J Sanborn and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents Radiative3D, a computer code for radiative transport simulations of seismic events, including earthquakes and explosions, in 3-D Earth models, and allowing output of seismogram envelopes from virtual seismometers or information representing bulk energy transport through the model. Radiative transport is an efficient algorithm for Monte-Carlo simulation of high-frequency elastic wavefield energy transport through models featuring both large-scale (larger than wavelength) structure, simulated by deterministic ray tracing, and small-scale structure (wavelength scale and smaller), simulated by a stochastic scattering process. The 3-D models are composed of a collection of adjoining model cells inside of which material properties have simple mathematical description. Within cells, the deterministic mechanism implements curved ray paths in linear gradient background media, and the stochastic mechanism implements pseudo-random preferential scattering based on a formulation that computes mean-free-path and scattering cross sections from a characterization of material heterogeneity in which fluctuation of elastic properties are assumed to follow a von Kármán spectrum of scale lengths. Between cells, material properties may be continuous or discontinuous, in which case reflections and refractions may occur. At the model’s surface, virtual seismometers may be emplaced to record signal channels representative of seismogram envelopes. After introducing the code and theory of operations, two chapters describing initial experiments with the code are presented. In Chapter 4, we present experiments in layered Earth models exploring the effects of variations in the heterogeneity spectrum and their effect on seismic coda generation. In Chapter 5 we present experiments in which crust structure is subject to localized thinning or thickening, simulating graben structures or mountain structures, and analyze their contribution to blockage of the Lg and Pg seismic phases at distant seismometers. We conclude with a roadmap describing the future continued development of Radiative3D.
Book Synopsis Modelling of Global Change Impacts on Hydrology with Focus on Europe and Africa by : Martina Weiß
Download or read book Modelling of Global Change Impacts on Hydrology with Focus on Europe and Africa written by Martina Weiß and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2009 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water-resources Investigations written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling Climate Change Impacts to Rocky Mountain Headwater Hydrology by : Lauren Foster
Download or read book Modeling Climate Change Impacts to Rocky Mountain Headwater Hydrology written by Lauren Foster and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Explainable AI: Interpreting, Explaining and Visualizing Deep Learning by : Wojciech Samek
Download or read book Explainable AI: Interpreting, Explaining and Visualizing Deep Learning written by Wojciech Samek and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of “intelligent” systems that can take decisions and perform autonomously might lead to faster and more consistent decisions. A limiting factor for a broader adoption of AI technology is the inherent risks that come with giving up human control and oversight to “intelligent” machines. For sensitive tasks involving critical infrastructures and affecting human well-being or health, it is crucial to limit the possibility of improper, non-robust and unsafe decisions and actions. Before deploying an AI system, we see a strong need to validate its behavior, and thus establish guarantees that it will continue to perform as expected when deployed in a real-world environment. In pursuit of that objective, ways for humans to verify the agreement between the AI decision structure and their own ground-truth knowledge have been explored. Explainable AI (XAI) has developed as a subfield of AI, focused on exposing complex AI models to humans in a systematic and interpretable manner. The 22 chapters included in this book provide a timely snapshot of algorithms, theory, and applications of interpretable and explainable AI and AI techniques that have been proposed recently reflecting the current discourse in this field and providing directions of future development. The book is organized in six parts: towards AI transparency; methods for interpreting AI systems; explaining the decisions of AI systems; evaluating interpretability and explanations; applications of explainable AI; and software for explainable AI.
Book Synopsis Overland Flow Dynamics and Solute Transport by : Vyacheslav G. Rumynin
Download or read book Overland Flow Dynamics and Solute Transport written by Vyacheslav G. Rumynin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-29 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides essential background knowledge on a wide range of hydrological processes governing contaminant transport from soil to surface water across a range of scales, from hillslope to watershed. The mathematical description of these processes is based on both well-known and unique analytical solutions of different initial and boundary problems (primarily using methods from the kinematic wave theory and the reservoir/lumped-parameter concept), supported by numerical modelling studies. Some research topics, in particular several case studies, are illustrated by monitoring and experimental data analysis to show the importance of the research’s applications in environmental practice and environmental education. Specific results concern the recognition of: (a) the effect of transient rainfall–runoff–infiltration partitioning on the chemical response of drainage areas to excess precipitation under certain field conditions related to the soil, hillslope characteristics, and contaminant properties; (b) soil erosion as a key factor that enhances the potential of adsorbed chemical transport in runoff; and (c) common tendencies in radionuclide behaviour in the near-surface environment contaminated by radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl (1986), Fukushima (2011) and the less known Kyshtym (1957) accidents, as well as from nuclear weapon tests in the atmosphere since 1952. The book’s goal is to provide a conceptual foundation enabling readers to apply scientific knowledge to solve practical problems in environmental hydrology and radiology. More specifically, the book presents the state-of-the-art approaches that scientists and natural resources experts need in order to significantly improve the prediction of changes in the soil–water system chemistry due to human activities.
Book Synopsis Computer Simulation of Surface Water Hydrology and Salinity with an Application to Studies of Colorado River Management by : Arthur Roy Jensen
Download or read book Computer Simulation of Surface Water Hydrology and Salinity with an Application to Studies of Colorado River Management written by Arthur Roy Jensen and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :U.S. Global Change Research Program Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :0521144078 Total Pages :193 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (211 download)
Book Synopsis Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States by : U.S. Global Change Research Program
Download or read book Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.
Book Synopsis Assessing the effect on streamflow of two snow dominated watersheds in Sierra Nevada, California using hydrologic modeling in GIS by : Mo Lan Choi
Download or read book Assessing the effect on streamflow of two snow dominated watersheds in Sierra Nevada, California using hydrologic modeling in GIS written by Mo Lan Choi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Satellite-based Estimates of Net Radiation and Modeling the Role of Topography and Vegetation on Inter-annual Hydro-climatology by : Gautam Bisht
Download or read book Satellite-based Estimates of Net Radiation and Modeling the Role of Topography and Vegetation on Inter-annual Hydro-climatology written by Gautam Bisht and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change acknowledged that the lack of relevant observations in various regions of the world is a crucial gap in understanding and modeling impacts of climate change related to hydrologic cycle. The Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) is an important component in the study of land surface processes. Existing SRB retrieval algorithms generally suffer from two major shortcomings: difficulty in dealing with cloudy sky conditions and reliance on study-site specific ancillary ground data. In this work, a framework of estimating net radiation from the MODerateresolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data is presented that is applicable under all-sky conditions, while solely relying on satellite data. The results from the proposed methodology are compared against several ground measurements within the United States for the entire 2006. Finally, monthly radiation maps for the Continental United States are produced. Modeling, similar to observations, is critical to the Earth Sciences and the second part of this work focuses on the impact of incorporating vegetation dynamics and topography in modeling hydro-climatology over large river basins. Land and atmosphere are coupled with each other through the exchange of heat, momentum and water at the boundary. This work involves coupling of a physically-based, fully distributed ecohydrology model with a numerical atmospheric model, using high performance computing. The ability of the ecohydrology model (in an offline mode) to accurately resolve hydro-climatic signatures and vegetation dynamics is first examined. The ecohydrology model is applied in a highly instrumented catchment, Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in Arizona, for a period of 11-years (1997-2007). The ecohydrology model is able to capture the behavior of several key hydrologic variables and vegetation dynamics within the WGEW. A series of three synthetic experiments are conducted with a coupled land-atmosphere model. The anomalies of various simulated quantities between the synthetic experiments are examined within the rainfall-soil moisture feedback hypothesis proposed by Elathir [1998]. The results from the experiments highlight the need to explicitly account for vegetation dynamics and topography within a numerical atmospheric model. The thesis concludes with a discussion of contributions, and future directions for this work.
Book Synopsis Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years by : National Research Council
Download or read book Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-05 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for Earth during approximately the last 2,000 years and the implications of these efforts for our understanding of global climate change. Because widespread, reliable temperature records are available only for the last 150 years, scientists estimate temperatures in the more distant past by analyzing "proxy evidence," which includes tree rings, corals, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, ice cores, boreholes, and glaciers. Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years. This book is an important resource in helping to understand the intricacies of global climate change.
