A Gap In The Enforcement Of Article 82

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A Gap in the Enforcement of Article 82

Author : Ioannis Kokkoris
Publisher : British Institute for International & Comparative Law
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Gap in the Enforcement of Article 82 by : Ioannis Kokkoris

Download or read book A Gap in the Enforcement of Article 82 written by Ioannis Kokkoris and published by British Institute for International & Comparative Law. This book was released on 2009 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Commission has acknowledged and respected, in Regulation 1/2003, the ability of the Member States to apply stricter rules than Article 82. There are some types of conduct that cannot be addressed by Article 82 because the undertakings involved are not dominant. One relates to conduct by non-dominant firms against other firms in weaker bargaining positions. A second type of conduct, and the focus of this book, relates to the anti-competitive conducts that non-dominant firms may adopt towards consumers - e.g. price discrimination, excessive pricing, etc. This book focuses on instances where non-dominant firms have the ability to behave independently of customers and competitors and adopt conducts which will induce consumer harm. The Commission cannot address anti-competitive conduct of non-dominant firms which induce significant consumer harm. This has resulted from the application of the dominance concept and from the dependence of a finding of a dominant firm on the market share of the firm. This book illustrates that applying the concept of dominance in that way means that a non-dominant firm in a differentiated market can adopt anti-competitive conducts and not be deterred by the possible application of Article 82.

EU Law Enforcement

Author : Stefano Montaldo
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429582773
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis EU Law Enforcement by : Stefano Montaldo

Download or read book EU Law Enforcement written by Stefano Montaldo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-02-22 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existence of a structured enforcement system is an inherent feature of national legal orders and one of the core elements of State sovereignty. The very limited power to issue sanctions has often been deemed a gap in the EC legal order. Over the years, the situation has progressively changed. The Union’s institutional setting is growing in complexity and a variety of agencies has been or is expected to be endowed with law enforcement responsibilities. In addition, the so-called competence creep has led the EU to play an increasingly prominent role in several areas of EU law enforcement, including the issuing of sanctions. This book examines these developments, focusing on both the general features of the EU legal order and the analysis of key-substantive areas, such as banking and monetary union, environmental law, and data protection. The work thus presents a general framework for understanding EU sanctioning based on structural features and general legal principles. Part I develops an analytical framework, tracking the most significant evolutive patterns of EU sanctioning powers. Part II adopts a more practical approach focusing on specific issues and policy areas. The book bridges a gap in existing literature and sheds new light on the relationship between the exercise of jus puniendi and the evolution of EU integration.

Competition Law and the Enforcement of Article 102

Author : Ioannis Kokkoris
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 9780199586189
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (861 download)

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Book Synopsis Competition Law and the Enforcement of Article 102 by : Ioannis Kokkoris

Download or read book Competition Law and the Enforcement of Article 102 written by Ioannis Kokkoris and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With incisive and thought-provoking contributions from leading international academics and practitioners, this book addresses in detail the EU approach to antitrust and abuse of dominance, and considers in particular the Commission's guidelines for enforcing Article 102 of the EC Treaty.

Due Process and Fair Trial in EU Competition Law

Author : Cristina Teleki
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004447490
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Due Process and Fair Trial in EU Competition Law by : Cristina Teleki

Download or read book Due Process and Fair Trial in EU Competition Law written by Cristina Teleki and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-05-17 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Due Process and Fair Trial in EU Competition Law, Cristina Teleki addresses the complex relationship between Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The book is built around the idea that big business can threaten democracy. Due process and fair trial should be central to the process of addressing bigness through competition law, by safeguarding independent decision-making and judicial review and by preventing competition authorities from growing into administrative behemoths threatening democracy from inside. To show this, the book combines a comprehensive review of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights with insight from economics, psychology and systems theory.

Excessive Pricing and Competition Law Enforcement

Author : Yannis Katsoulacos
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319928317
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Excessive Pricing and Competition Law Enforcement by : Yannis Katsoulacos

Download or read book Excessive Pricing and Competition Law Enforcement written by Yannis Katsoulacos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the controversy surrounding the use of competition law to combat excessive pricing. While high or monopolistic pricing is not regarded as an antitrust violation in the US, employing abuse of dominance provisions in competition laws to fight excessive pricing has gained popularity in some BRICS jurisdictions and a number of EU-member states in recent years. The book begins by discussing the economic arguments for and against the prohibition of excessive or unfair prices by firms with market power. It then presents various country studies, focusing on developed countries (such as the UK and Israel) and on the BRICS countries, to highlight various practical challenges involved in recognizing excessive prices as abusive conduct on the part of dominant firms, including how to define, measure and identify excessive prices. The contributors also discuss other policy options that can be used to fight excessive prices in order to protect consumer welfare.

Article 82 EC

Author : Ariel Ezrachi
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1847315402
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Article 82 EC by : Ariel Ezrachi

Download or read book Article 82 EC written by Ariel Ezrachi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2009-10-28 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The landscape of European competition law has seen significant changes in the past decade, both in terms of enforcement and substantive application. One of the last frontiers to be subjected to scrutiny has been Article 82. In recent years the European Commission has pushed forward the debate on the nature and scope of Article 82. Of major significance to this debate were the Commission's Consultation Paper on an economic approach to Article 82, the Discussion Paper on the application of Article 82 to exclusionary abuses, and the Commission's recent Guidance on its enforcement priorities in applying Article 82. The debate over the realm of Article 82 EC has raised important questions as to its past and present application. This collection of essays by international experts explores the changing boundaries of Article 82 EC and considers its recent evolution. The chapters cover a range of subjects, including the legal and economic implications of an effects-based approach to Article 82 EC, the recent Commission Guidance on Article 82 EC, the interface between intellectual property rights and competition law, licensing, tying, excessive pricing, and the protection of the consumer interest.

Commercial Law of the European Union

Author : Gabriël Moens
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048187745
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Commercial Law of the European Union by : Gabriël Moens

Download or read book Commercial Law of the European Union written by Gabriël Moens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-23 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ? The Hon. Michael Kirby AC CMG This splendid book performs the heroic task of introducing readers to the large canvas of the commercial law of the European Union (EU). The EU began as an economic community of six nations but has grown into 27 member states, sharing a signi?cant political, social and legal cohesion and serving almost 500 million citizens. It generates approximately 30% of the nominal gross world product. The EU is a remarkable achievement of trans-national co-operation, given the history (including recent history) of national, racial, ethnic and religious hatred and con?ict preceding its creation. Although, as the book recounts, the institutions of the EU grew directly out of those of the European Economic Community, created in 1957 [1.20], the genesis of the EU can be traced to the sufferings of the Second World War and to the disclosure of the barbarous atrocities of the Holocaust. Out of the chaos and ruins of historical enmities and the shattered cities and peoples that survived those terrible events, arose an astonishing pan- European Movement.

E-FOOD: Closing the Online Enforcement Gap in the EU Platform Economy

Author : Maria Jose Plana Casado
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030795061
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis E-FOOD: Closing the Online Enforcement Gap in the EU Platform Economy by : Maria Jose Plana Casado

Download or read book E-FOOD: Closing the Online Enforcement Gap in the EU Platform Economy written by Maria Jose Plana Casado and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-08-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retail is ‘going digital,’ and grocery shopping is no exception. While some businesses are relaying on their corporate website to make the sale, both traditional brick-and-mortar and new disruptive business models are increasingly using online marketplaces to offer their products online. European Union law has been gradually updated to reflect this new reality, with Intellectual Property Rights legislation and Consumer Law leading the way toward a suitable regulatory framework in the Platform Economy. However, the EU has not devised a comprehensive strategy for tackling the challenges posed by the online sale of physical consumer goods, such as effective public enforcement in online environments. In fact, sector-specific legislation, including Food Law, largely ignores online transactions. In this context, the book evaluates the impact that online marketplaces are having on European Union sector-specific legislation and its e-nforcement. The goal is to assess whether the existing regulatory and policy framework are sufficient for promoting compliance and bridging the enforcement gap in the digital single market. Focusing on the e-food market, the book presents a state-of-the-art overview of how online marketplaces are altering EU law and its enforcement by public authorities.

The Interplay between European and National Competition Law after Regulation 1/2003

Author : Lúcio Tomé Feteira
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041156658
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

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Book Synopsis The Interplay between European and National Competition Law after Regulation 1/2003 by : Lúcio Tomé Feteira

Download or read book The Interplay between European and National Competition Law after Regulation 1/2003 written by Lúcio Tomé Feteira and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If we can speak of the European Community's 'economic constitution', we can assert that competition rules, together with free movement rules, form its core. Notably, implementation of the competition rules enshrined in Articles 81 and 82 EC changed radically with the enactment of Regulation 1/2003, which in effect dispensed with mandatory prior notifications and allowed national authorities to apply Article 101(3) TFEU directly. Given that national legislations perceive certain types of unilateral conduct, even if adopted by a non-dominant undertaking, as a potential source of anticompetitive effects, an important question concerns the leeway enjoyed by national authorities under the exception to the convergence rule in Article 3(2) of Regulation 1/2003, and the consequent effect on both legal practice and policy issues. In this lucidly argued book, focusing on national competition provisions in Germany, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom that deal with such conduct, the author provides a detailed examination of how such considerations as the following are affected by Regulation 1/2003: - prohibition of abuse of economic dependence or superior bargaining power; - the particular susceptibility of long-term contracts; - prohibition of resale at a loss or below cost; - prohibition of boycott, unlawful pressures, threats, and other coercive tactics adopted by undertakings; and - the role of unfair competition law. The analysis follows a functional method of comparative legal analysis, reviewing the most relevant norms in the selected jurisdictions, particularly in what concerns their goals and function in the context of their respective legal systems. Special attention is paid to two specific sectors – the motor-vehicle and the retailing industries – which have most often triggered relevant legislation and case law in the jurisdictions covered. Legal scholarship in the field is also drawn upon. In its clarification of the meaning of Regulation 1/2003, this book allows practitioners to fully grasp its scope. The author's thorough, masterful analysis of the statutory framework of Article 3 of the regulation also reveals the variety of reasons why different Member States have different competition policies on the scope of the exception to the rule of convergence, and in this way provides lawyers, policymakers, and academics with welcome insights on how major EU jurisdictions apply European competition law.

Research Handbook on the Law and Economics of Competition Enforcement

Author : Kokkoris, Ioannis
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1789903793
Total Pages : 507 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Handbook on the Law and Economics of Competition Enforcement by : Kokkoris, Ioannis

Download or read book Research Handbook on the Law and Economics of Competition Enforcement written by Kokkoris, Ioannis and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This incisive Research Handbook identifies and assesses the emerging trends in competition enforcement, investigating how such changes impact the enforcement approach of competition authorities and the behaviour of companies in an ever-evolving business and regulatory environment.

The Interface between Competition and the Internal Market

Author : Vasiliki Brisimi
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 178225448X
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis The Interface between Competition and the Internal Market by : Vasiliki Brisimi

Download or read book The Interface between Competition and the Internal Market written by Vasiliki Brisimi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the interface between competition law and market integration in the application of Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), focusing on the notion of 'market separation'-namely conduct that may hinder cross-border trade. The discussion reviews, among other things, the treatment of geographic price discrimination and exclusionary abuse, by which out-of-state competitors are affected. 'Market separation' cases are treated in the book as a case study for appraising the interface between competition and the Internal Market. On this basis, the book provides a comparative analysis of the Treaty requirements under Article 102 TFEU when applied in 'market separation' cases and the Treaty requirements under the free movement provisions. In addition, it utilises 'market separation' cases as a springboard for advancing an informed reformulation of the application of Article 102 TFEU when state action comes into play. All in all, the analysis presented in the book deconstructs the elements for establishing 'market separation' as an abuse of the dominant position. It shows that there is nothing that would justify a distinctive treatment of 'market separation' under Article 102 TFEU, other than a principled understanding of Internal Market law as a whole: whatever understanding one reaches about the proper shape of the Internal Market, interrogation of the proper application of competition law comes after that and thus should be informed by this understanding.

Ten years of effects- Based approach in EU competition law

Author : Jacques Bourgeois
Publisher : Primento
ISBN 13 : 2802738828
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Ten years of effects- Based approach in EU competition law by : Jacques Bourgeois

Download or read book Ten years of effects- Based approach in EU competition law written by Jacques Bourgeois and published by Primento. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the key components of the modernization of competition rules has been a radical departure from the previous «form-based» enforcement to a so-called «effects-based» approach. Taking stock of ten years of experience under this new policy, the present book analyses the changes brought about, as well as the practical problems encountered in its day-to-day application, be it by competition law enforcers, judges or practitioners. This book compiles the reports prepared for the 2011 Annual Conference of the Global Competition Law Centre (“GCLC”). Each and every chapter of this volume formulates concrete proposals as to how the system can be clarified or even improved. The focus is not only on the enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, but also in the file of merger control. Attempts are made to define more precisely the boundaries between anticompetitive object and effect, and to develop adequate safe harbours and presumptions. This book also casts a closer look at the analytical framework, possible theories of harm, evidence and defences. Overall the objective is to reconcile as best as possible law and economics, and to see how the goal to achieve the “right decision” in terms of economic outcome can be combined with the legitimate need for legal certainty.

Jones and Sufrin's EU Competition Law

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192855018
Total Pages : 1424 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Jones and Sufrin's EU Competition Law by :

Download or read book Jones and Sufrin's EU Competition Law written by and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-10 with total page 1424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complete guide to EU competition law, combining key primary sources with expert author commentary.The most comprehensive resource for students on EU competition law; extracts from key cases, academic works, and legislation are paired with incisive critique and commentary from an expert author teamSelling Points--· Full, definitive coverage of every aspect of EU competition law - the complete guide tothe subject· Students are guided through the most important extracts from key cases, articles, and statutory material, all carefully selected and explained by this experienced authorteam· 'Central Issues' at the start of each chapter clearly identify key themes and principles discussed, to help readers navigate the material effectively· Extensive footnoting and further reading suggestions provide a thorough guide to the literature, giving students a starting point for their own research and readingNew to this edition--· Full analysis of important developments in competition law and policysince 2019, including relevant case-law, new EU legislation and notices and competition law goals;· A comprehensive discussion of the evolving law and policy governing market definition and vertical,horizontal cooperation and sustainability agreements;· A new chapter on competition law in the digital economy, incorporating a discussion of the Digital Markets Act.

Hard Core Cartels Recent progress and challenges ahead

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 926410125X
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)

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Book Synopsis Hard Core Cartels Recent progress and challenges ahead by : OECD

Download or read book Hard Core Cartels Recent progress and challenges ahead written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2003-05-27 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews progress in the fight against hard core cartels. It quantifies the harm caused by cartels and identifies improved methods of investigation. It also examines progress in strengthening sanctions against businesses and individuals.

Market Power in EU Antitrust Law

Author : Luis Ortiz Blanco
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1847318495
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Market Power in EU Antitrust Law by : Luis Ortiz Blanco

Download or read book Market Power in EU Antitrust Law written by Luis Ortiz Blanco and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion of market power is central to antitrust law. Under EU law, antitrust rules refer to appreciable restrictions of competition (Article 101(1) Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), ex Article 81(1) EC Treaty), the elimination of competition for a substantial part of the market (Article 101 (3) TFEU, ex Article (81(3) EC), dominant positions (Article 10 (2) TFEU, ex Article 82 EC), and substantial impediment to effective competition, in particular by creating or reinforcing a dominant position (Article 2 of the EU Merger Regulation). At first sight, only the concept of dominant position relates to market power, but it is the aim of this book to demonstrate that the other concepts are directly linked to the notion of market power. This is done by reference to the case law of the EU Courts and the precedents of the European Commission. The author goes on to argue that for very good reasons (clarity and enforceability, among others) the rules should be interpreted in this way. Beginning with market definition, the book reviews the different rules and the different degrees of market power they incorporate. Thus it analyses the notion of 'appreciable restriction of competition' to find a moderate market power obtained by agreement among competitors to be the benchmark for the application of Article 101 TFEU, ex Article 81 EC. It moves on to the concept of dominance under Article 102 TFEU (ex Article 82 EC), which is equivalent to substantial (or sgnificant) market power, and then focuses on the old and new tests for EU merger control. Finally, it addresses the idea of elimination of competition in respect of a substantial part of the market (Article 101 (3) TFEU, ex Article 81 (3) (b) EC), in which the last two types of market power (Article 102 TFEU, ex Article 82 EC and EU Merger Regulation) converge. To exemplify this, an in-depth study of the notion of collective dominance is conducted. The book concludes that a paradigm of market power exists under the EU antitrust rules that both fits with past practice and provides for a useful framework of analysis for the general application of the rules by administrative and even more importantly judicial authorities in the Member States, under conditions of legal certainty.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

The President and Immigration Law

Author : Adam B. Cox
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190694386
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The President and Immigration Law by : Adam B. Cox

Download or read book The President and Immigration Law written by Adam B. Cox and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who controls American immigration policy? The biggest immigration controversies of the last decade have all involved policies produced by the President policies such as President Obama's decision to protect Dreamers from deportation and President Trump's proclamation banning immigrants from several majority-Muslim nations. While critics of these policies have been separated by a vast ideological chasm, their broadsides have embodied the same widely shared belief: that Congress, not the President, ought to dictate who may come to the United States and who will be forced to leave. This belief is a myth. In The President and Immigration Law, Adam B. Cox and Cristina M. Rodríguez chronicle the untold story of how, over the course of two centuries, the President became our immigration policymaker-in-chief. Diving deep into the history of American immigration policy from founding-era disputes over deporting sympathizers with France to contemporary debates about asylum-seekers at the Southern border they show how migration crises, real or imagined, have empowered presidents. Far more importantly, they also uncover how the Executive's ordinary power to decide when to enforce the law, and against whom, has become an extraordinarily powerful vehicle for making immigration policy. This pathbreaking account helps us understand how the United States ?has come to run an enormous shadow immigration system-one in which nearly half of all noncitizens in the country are living in violation of the law. It also provides a blueprint for reform, one that accepts rather than laments the role the President plays in shaping the national community, while also outlining strategies to curb the abuse of law enforcement authority in immigration and beyond.