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Author : Kurt Konolige
Publisher : Pitman Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)
Download or read book A Deduction Model of Belief written by Kurt Konolige and published by Pitman Publishing. This book was released on 1986 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kurt Konolige
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (675 download)
Download or read book A Deduction Model of Belief and Its Logics written by Kurt Konolige and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kurt Konolige
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (164 download)
Download or read book A Deduction Model of Belief and Its Logic written by Kurt Konolige and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kurt Konolige
Publisher : Pitman Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book A Deduction Model of Belief written by Kurt Konolige and published by Pitman Publishing. This book was released on 1986 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael J. S. Beaton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (66 download)
Download or read book A Belief Toolkit Based on Kurt Konolige's Deduction Model of Belief written by Michael J. S. Beaton and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Catarina Dutilh Novaes
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110847988X
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)
Download or read book The Dialogical Roots of Deduction written by Catarina Dutilh Novaes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive account of the concept and practices of deduction covering philosophy, history, cognition and mathematical practice.
Author : Kurt Konolige
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Belief and Incompleteness written by Kurt Konolige and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both agents are state-of-theart constructions, incorporating the latest Al research in chess playing, natural-language understanding, planning, etc. But because of the overwhelming combinatorics of' chess, neither they nor the fastest foreseeable computers would be able to search the entire game tree to find out whether White has a forced win. Why then do they come to such an odd conclusion about their own knowledge of the game? The chess scenario is an anecdotal example of the way inaccurate cognitive models can lead to behavior that is less than intelligent in artificial agents. In this case, the agents' model of belief is not correct. They make the assumption that an agent actually knows all the consequences of his beliefs. S1 knows that chess is a finite game, and thus reasons that, in principle, knowing the rules of chess is all that is required to figure out whether White has a forced ini%ial win. Mter learning that S2 does indeed know the rules of chess he comes to the erroneous conclusion that S2 also knows this particular consequence of the rules. And S2 himself, reflecting on his own knowledge in the same manner, arrives at the same conclusion, even though in actual fact he could never carry out the computations necessary to demonstrate it.
Author : David Christensen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199263256
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)
Download or read book Putting Logic in Its Place written by David Christensen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-11-04 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What role, if any, does formal logic play in characterizing epistemically rational belief? Traditionally, belief is seen in a binary way - either one believes a proposition, or one doesn't. Given this picture, it is attractive to impose certain deductive constraints on rational belief: that one's beliefs be logically consistent, and that one believe the logical consequences of one's beliefs. A less popular picture sees belief as a graded phenomenon. This picture (explored more bydecision-theorists and philosophers of science thatn by mainstream epistemologists) invites the use of probabilistic coherence to constrain rational belief. But this latter project has often involved defining graded beliefs in terms of preferences, which may seem to change the subject away fromepistemic rationality.Putting Logic in its Place explores the relations between these two ways of seeing beliefs. It argues that the binary conception, although it fits nicely with much of our commonsense thought and talk about belief, cannot in the end support the traditional deductive constraints on rational belief. Binary beliefs that obeyed these constraints could not answer to anything like our intuitive notion of epistemic rationality, and would end up having to be divorced from central aspects of ourcognitive, practical, and emotional lives.But this does not mean that logic plays no role in rationality. Probabilistic coherence should be viewed as using standard logic to constrain rational graded belief. This probabilistic constraint helps explain the appeal of the traditional deductive constraints, and even underlies the force of rationally persuasive deductive arguments. Graded belief cannot be defined in terms of preferences. But probabilistic coherence may be defended without positing definitional connections between beliefsand preferences. Like the traditional deductive constraints, coherence is a logical ideal that humans cannot fully attain. Nevertheless, it furnishes a compelling way of understanding a key dimension of epistemic rationality.
Author : Hannes Leitgeb
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402028067
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Inference on the Low Level written by Hannes Leitgeb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-02 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to the prevailing tradition in epistemology, the focus in this book is on low-level inferences, i.e., those inferences that we are usually not consciously aware of and that we share with the cat nearby which infers that the bird which she sees picking grains from the dirt, is able to fly. Presumably, such inferences are not generated by explicit logical reasoning, but logical methods can be used to describe and analyze such inferences. Part 1 gives a purely system-theoretic explication of belief and inference. Part 2 adds a reliabilist theory of justification for inference, with a qualitative notion of reliability being employed. Part 3 recalls and extends various systems of deductive and nonmonotonic logic and thereby explains the semantics of absolute and high reliability. In Part 4 it is proven that qualitative neural networks are able to draw justified deductive and nonmonotonic inferences on the basis of distributed representations. This is derived from a soundness/completeness theorem with regard to cognitive semantics of nonmonotonic reasoning. The appendix extends the theory both logically and ontologically, and relates it to A. Goldman's reliability account of justified belief.
Author : Lance J. Rips
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262181532
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (815 download)
Download or read book The Psychology of Proof written by Lance J. Rips and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life.
Author : Jack Minker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792372240
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (722 download)
Download or read book Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence written by Jack Minker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-12-31 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of mathematical logic as a formalism for artificial intelligence was recognized by John McCarthy in 1959 in his paper on Programs with Common Sense. In a series of papers in the 1960's he expanded upon these ideas and continues to do so to this date. It is now 41 years since the idea of using a formal mechanism for AI arose. It is therefore appropriate to consider some of the research, applications and implementations that have resulted from this idea. In early 1995 John McCarthy suggested to me that we have a workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence (LBAI). In June 1999, the Workshop on Logic-Based Artificial Intelligence was held as a consequence of McCarthy's suggestion. The workshop came about with the support of Ephraim Glinert of the National Science Foundation (IIS-9S2013S), the American Association for Artificial Intelligence who provided support for graduate students to attend, and Joseph JaJa, Director of the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies who provided both manpower and financial support, and the Department of Computer Science. We are grateful for their support. This book consists of refereed papers based on presentations made at the Workshop. Not all of the Workshop participants were able to contribute papers for the book. The common theme of papers at the workshop and in this book is the use of logic as a formalism to solve problems in AI.
Author : Afzal Ballim
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134749422
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)
Download or read book Artificial Believers written by Afzal Ballim and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modeling of individual beliefs is essential to the computer understanding of natural languages. Phenomena at all levels -- syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic -- cannot be fully analyzed in the absence of models of a hearer and of the hearer's model of other believers. The heart of this text is the presentation of an artificial intelligence (AI) program intended to simulate certain aspects of a human believer. This book provides a prolog program, Viewgen, that maintains belief structures about the world and other believers, and is able to ascribe beliefs to others without direct evidence by using a form of default reasoning. The authors contend that a plausible model such as this can -- in the best cognitive science tradition -- shed light on the long-standing philosophical problem of what belief is. The issues presented here will be of considerable interest to an informed general reader as well as those with a background in any of the disciplines that make up what is now called cognitive science: philosophy, linguistics, psychology, neuropsychology, and also AI itself.
Author : Sven Ove Hansson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792353270
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (532 download)
Download or read book Hansson: A textbook of belief dynamics written by Sven Ove Hansson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-03-15 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the middle of the 1980s, logical tools were discovered that make it possible to model changes in belief and knowledge in entirely new ways. These logical tools turned out to be applicable both to human beliefs and to the contents of databases. This is the first textbook in this new area. It contains both discursive chapters with a minimum of formalism and formal chapters in which proofs and proof methods are presented. By using different selections from the formal section (as suggested in detail by the author) the book can be used on all levels of University education.
Author : Ronald R. Yager
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 354044792X
Total Pages : 813 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Classic Works of the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Belief Functions written by Ronald R. Yager and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-01-22 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of classic research papers on the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. The book is the authoritative reference in the field of evidential reasoning and an important archival reference in a wide range of areas including uncertainty reasoning in artificial intelligence and decision making in economics, engineering, and management. The book includes a foreword reflecting the development of the theory in the last forty years.
Author : Franz Huber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402091982
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Degrees of Belief written by Franz Huber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-21 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology is the first book to give a balanced overview of the competing theories of degrees of belief. It also explicitly relates these debates to more traditional concerns of the philosophy of language and mind and epistemic logic.
Author : Thomas C. Vinci
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 019938116X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)
Download or read book Space, Geometry, and Kant's Transcendental Deduction of the Categories written by Thomas C. Vinci and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thomas C. Vinci aims to reveal and assess the structure of Kant's argument in the Critique of Pure Reason called the "Transcendental Deduction of the Categories." At the end of the first part of the Deduction in the B-edition Kant states that his purpose is achieved: to show that all intuitions in general are subject to the categories. On the standard reading, this means that all of our mental representations, including those originating in sense-experience, are structured by conceptualization. But this reading encounters an exegetical problem: Kant states in the second part of the Deduction that a major part of what remains to be shown is that empirical intuitions are subject to the categories. How can this be if it has already been shown that intuitions in general are subject to the categories? Vinci calls this the Triviality Problem, and he argues that solving it requires denying the standard reading. In its place he proposes that intuitions in general and empirical intuitions constitute disjoint classes and that, while all intuitions for Kant are unified, there are two kinds of unification: logical unification vs. aesthetic unification. Only the former is due to the categories. A second major theme of the book is that Kant's Idealism comes in two versions-for laws of nature and for objects of empirical intuition-and that demonstrating these versions is the ultimate goal of the Deduction of the Categories and the similarly structured Deduction of the Concepts of Space, respectively. Vinci shows that the Deductions have the argument structure of an inference to the best explanation for correlated domains of explananda, each arrived at by independent applications of Kantian epistemic and geometrical methods.
Author : Claudia Fernández-Fernández
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030696065
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)
Download or read book Awareness in Logic and Epistemology written by Claudia Fernández-Fernández and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-19 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book creates a conceptual schema that acts as a correlation between Epistemology and Epistemic Logic. It connects both fields and offers a proper theoretical foundation for the contemporary developments of Epistemic Logic regarding the dynamics of information. It builds a bridge between the view of Awareness Justification Internalism, and a dynamic approach to Awareness Logic. The book starts with an introduction to the main topics in Epistemic Logic and Epistemology and reviews the disconnection between the two fields. It analyses three core notions representing the basic structure of the conceptual schema: “Epistemic Awareness”, “Knowledge” and “Justification”. Next, it presents the Explicit Aware Knowledge (EAK) Schema, using a diagram of three ellipses to illustrate the schema, and a formal model based on a neighbourhood-model structure, that shows one concrete application of the EAK-Schema into a logical structure. The book ends by presenting conclusions and final remarks about the uses and applications of the EAK-Schema. It shows that the most important feature of the schema is that it serves both as a theoretical correlate to the dynamic extensions of Awareness Logic, providing it with a philosophical background, and as an abstract conceptual structure for a re-interpretation of Epistemology.
