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A Computer Simulation And Optimization Of The Total Fuel Costs Due To The Front End Of The Nuclear Fuel Cycle
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Book Synopsis A Computer Simulation and Optimization of the Total Fuel Costs Due to the Front End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle by : Duane E. Gore
Download or read book A Computer Simulation and Optimization of the Total Fuel Costs Due to the Front End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Duane E. Gore and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Cycle Simulation System by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Cycle Simulation System written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Simulation System (NFCSS) is a scenario based computer simulation tool that can model various nuclear fuel cycle options in various types of nuclear reactors. It is very efficient and accurate in answering questions such as: the nuclear mineral resources and technical infrastructure needed for the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle; the amounts of used fuel, actinide nuclides and high level waste generated for a given reactor fleet size; and the impact of introducing recycling of used fuel on mineral resource savings and waste minimization. Since the first publication on the NFCSS as IAEA-TECDOC-1535 in 2007, there have been significant improvements in the implementation of the NFCSS, including a new extension to thorium fuel cycles, methods to calculate decay heat and radiotoxicity, and demonstration applications to innovative reactors.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Fuel Cycle Optimization by : P. Silvennoinen
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Cycle Optimization written by P. Silvennoinen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Fuel Cycle Optimization: Methods and Modelling Techniques discusses applicable methods for analysis of fuel cycle logistics and optimization and evaluation of the economics of various reactor strategies. The opening chapter covers the nuclear fuel cycle, while the next chapter tackles uranium supply and demand. Chapter 3 discusses basic model of the light water reactor (LWR). The fourth chapter talks about the resolution of uncertainties, and the fifth chapter discusses the assessment of proliferation risks. Chapter 6 covers multigoal optimization, while Chapter 7 deals with the generalized fuel cycle models. The eighth chapter covers reactor strategy calculations, whereas the last chapter discusses interface with energy strategy. The book will appeal to students of energy economics or of nuclear engineering.
Book Synopsis A VISION of Advanced Nuclear System Cost Uncertainty by :
Download or read book A VISION of Advanced Nuclear System Cost Uncertainty written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: VISION (VerifIable fuel cycle SImulatiON) is the Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative's and Global Nuclear Energy Partnership Program's nuclear fuel cycle systems code designed to simulate the US commercial reactor fleet. The code is a dynamic stock and flow model that tracks the mass of materials at the isotopic level through the entire nuclear fuel cycle. As VISION is run, it calculates the decay of 70 isotopes including uranium, plutonium, minor actinides, and fission products. VISION. ECON is a sub-model of VISION that was developed to estimate fuel cycle and reactor costs. The sub-model uses the mass flows generated by VISION for each of the fuel cycle functions (referred to as modules) and calculates the annual cost based on cost distributions provided by the Advanced Fuel Cycle Cost Basis Report1. Costs are aggregated for each fuel cycle module, and the modules are aggregated into front end, back end, recycling, reactor, and total fuel cycle costs. The software also has the capability to perform system sensitivity analysis. This capability may be used to analyze the impacts on costs due to system uncertainty effects. This paper will provide a preliminary evaluation of the cost uncertainty affects attributable to 1) key reactor and fuel cycle system parameters and 2) scheduling variations. The evaluation will focus on the uncertainty on the total cost of electricity and fuel cycle costs. First, a single light water reactor (LWR) using mixed oxide fuel is examined to ascertain the effects of simple parameter changes. Three system parameters; burnup, capacity factor and reactor power are varied from nominal cost values and the affect on the total cost of electricity is measured. These simple parameter changes are measured in more complex scenarios 2-tier systems including LWRs with mixed fuel and fast recycling reactors using transuranic fuel. Other system parameters are evaluated and results will be presented in the paper. Secondly, the uncertainty due to variation in scheduling effects is evaluated. For example, economic impacts due to increased nuclear energy growth rates and speed-ups in deployment of fuel cycle facilities and fast reactors. Preliminary results show that significant variations in the costs of the scenarios can result from variations in burnup, capacity factor and reactor power. The paper will include new results from analysis of additional system variables and due to scheduling dynamics. Reference 1. Shropshire, D.E. et al, 2007, Advanced Fuel Cycle Cost Basis, INL/EXT-07-12107, April 2007.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Changing Economic Conditions on Fuel Cycle Costs in Pressurized Water Reactors by : Manson Benedict
Download or read book The Effects of Changing Economic Conditions on Fuel Cycle Costs in Pressurized Water Reactors written by Manson Benedict and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study made by MIT for ECNG of the effect of changing economic conditions on fuel cycle costs in nuclear power systems is described. Fuel cycle costs are computed for eight different cost bases, which may be used to represent the effect of most of the combinations of economic condi tions likely to occur during the life of the reactor selected for study. This is an advanced pressurized-water reactor with free-standing stainless steel of Zircaloy fuel cladding, designed for a net electric output of 461 Mw. (Author).
Book Synopsis Reactor Fuel Cycle Costs for Nuclear Power Evaluation by : Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Download or read book Reactor Fuel Cycle Costs for Nuclear Power Evaluation written by Oak Ridge National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Future of Nuclear Fuel Cycle by :
Download or read book The Future of Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this analysis we have presented a method that provides insight into future fuel cycle alternatives by clarifying the complexity of choosing an appropriate fuel cycle in the context of the distribution of burdens and benefits between generations. The current nuclear power deployment practices, together with three future fuel cycles were assessed."--Page 227.
Book Synopsis NUFUEL, a Computer Code for Calculating the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Cost of a Light Water Reactor by : Antony Chunwah Hui
Download or read book NUFUEL, a Computer Code for Calculating the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Cost of a Light Water Reactor written by Antony Chunwah Hui and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Calculating Fuel Cycle Costs for Light Water Reactors by :
Download or read book Calculating Fuel Cycle Costs for Light Water Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sensitivity of Economic Performance of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle to Simulation Modeling Assumptions by : Nicéphore Bonnet
Download or read book Sensitivity of Economic Performance of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle to Simulation Modeling Assumptions written by Nicéphore Bonnet and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) All fuel cycle simulation refinements do not present the same level of importance. One should focus on the dominant parameters as those contributing the most to overall results sensitivity. A novel U.S. thermal recycling scenario called CONFU is taken as a reference case. The CONFU technology is introduced 15 years from now, with an industrial capacity allowing the construction of one 1000 MT/year spent fuel separation plant every two years. Discharged CONFU batches remain in cooling storage for 6 years. Reactors have a 60 years lifetime and economic ecovery period of 20 years, and are half financed by equity with a rate of return of 15%. It is found that the cost of electricity is most sensitive to the reactors lifetime, since taking it back to its initial nominal value of 40 years would result in a 44% increase in the cost of electricity. Next in importance is the financing structure of the fleet. The addition of three points to the rate of return on equity would increase the cost of electricity by 14%. While scale effects are locally very beneficial in that they substantially reduce recycling plants operation costs, they prove to be of limited interest from an overall fuel cycle point of view. Using the scale effect model in CAFCA-II, doubling the separation plants capacity yields a 3% reduction of the cost of electricity. The fuel cycle presents good robustness with respect to fuel decay time degradation. Increasing CONFU batches cooling time to 18 years causes a 2% increase in the cost of electricity.
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Cycle Costs written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The costs for the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle, which were developed as part of the Nonproliferation Alternative Systems Assessment Program (NASAP), are presented. Total fuel cycle costs are given for the pressurized water reactor once-through and fuel recycle systems, and for the liquid-metal fast breeder reactor system. These calculations show that fuel cycle costs are a small part of the total power costs. For breeder reactors, fuel cycle costs are about half that of the present once-through system. The total power cost of the breeder reactor system is greater than that of light-water reactor at today's prices for uranium and enrichment.
Book Synopsis A Physical and Economic Model of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle by : Erich Alfred Schneider
Download or read book A Physical and Economic Model of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Erich Alfred Schneider and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle by : Stefano Passerini
Download or read book Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Stefano Passerini and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, nuclear energy development was based on the expectation that recycling of the fissionable materials in the used fuel from today's light water reactors into advanced (fast) reactors would be implemented as soon as technically feasible in order to extend the nuclear fuel resources. More recently, arguments have been made for deployment of fast reactors in order to reduce the amount of higher actinides, hence the longevity of radioactivity, in the materials destined to a geologic repository. The cost of the fast reactors, together with concerns about the proliferation of the technology of extraction of plutonium from used LWR fuel as well as the large investments in construction of reprocessing facilities have been the basis for arguments to defer the introduction of recycling technologies in many countries including the US. In this thesis, the impacts of alternative reactor technologies on the fuel cycle are assessed. Additionally, metrics to characterize the fuel cycles and systematic approaches to using them to optimize the fuel cycle are presented. The fuel cycle options of the 2010 MIT fuel cycle study are re-examined in light of the expected slower rate of growth in nuclear energy today, using the CAFCA (Code for Advanced Fuel Cycle Analysis). The Once Through Cycle (OTC) is considered as the base-line case, while advanced technologies with fuel recycling characterize the alternative fuel cycle options available in the future. The options include limited recycling in LWRs and full recycling in fast reactors and in high conversion LWRs. Fast reactor technologies studied include both oxide and metal fueled reactors. Additional fuel cycle scenarios presented for the first time in this work assume the deployment of innovative recycling reactor technologies such as the Reduced Moderation Boiling Water Reactors and Uranium-235 initiated Fast Reactors. A sensitivity study focused on system and technology parameters of interest has been conducted to test the robustness of the conclusions presented in the MIT Fuel Cycle Study. These conclusions are found to still hold, even when considering alternative technologies and different sets of simulation assumptions. Additionally, a first of a kind optimization scheme for the nuclear fuel cycle analysis is proposed and the applications of such an optimization are discussed. Optimization metrics of interest for different stakeholders in the fuel cycle (economics, fuel resource utilization, high level waste, transuranics/proliferation management, and environmental impact) are utilized for two different optimization techniques: a linear one and a stochastic one. Stakeholder elicitation provided sets of relative weights for the identified metrics appropriate to each stakeholder group, which were then successfully used to arrive at optimum fuel cycle configurations for recycling technologies. The stochastic optimization tool, based on a genetic algorithm, was used to identify non-inferior solutions according to Pareto's dominance approach to optimization. The main tradeoff for fuel cycle optimization was found to be between economics and most of the other identified metrics.
Book Synopsis Nuclear-fuel-cycle Costs. Consolidated Fuel-Reprocessing Program by :
Download or read book Nuclear-fuel-cycle Costs. Consolidated Fuel-Reprocessing Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The costs for the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle, which were developed as part of the Nonproliferation Alternative Systems Assessment Program (NASAP), are presented. Total fuel-cycle costs are given for the pressurized-water reactor once-through and fuel-recycle systems, and for the liquid-metal fast-breeder-reactor system. These calculations show that fuel-cycle costs are a small part of the total power costs. For breeder reactors, fuel-cycle costs are about half that of the present once-through system. The total power cost of the breeder-reactor system is greater than that of light-water reactor at today's prices for uranium and enrichment.
Book Synopsis Fuel Cycle Costs for Specific Power Reactors by : Donald W. Kuhn
Download or read book Fuel Cycle Costs for Specific Power Reactors written by Donald W. Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proposal for Fuel Design Study and Fuel Cycle Analyses for Power-only Operation of N-reactor by : T. W. Evans
Download or read book Proposal for Fuel Design Study and Fuel Cycle Analyses for Power-only Operation of N-reactor written by T. W. Evans and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economics of Nuclear Fuel Cycles by : Guillaume De Roo
Download or read book Economics of Nuclear Fuel Cycles written by Guillaume De Roo and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most studies aiming at the economic assessment of nuclear fuel cycles, a primary concern is to keep scenarios economically comparable. For Uranium Oxide (UOX) and Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuels, a traditional way to achieve this is to evaluate both fuels on the deterministic premise that the fuel will be sent to geologic disposal once spent. This methodology often leads to higher costs for cycles using MOX fuel. Geologic disposal is not the sole possible ending for spent LightWater Reactor (LWR) fuel. Fast Reactors (FRs), which feed on transuranics (TRUs) extracted from LWR spent fuel, are seriously considered as a future technology. If it is cheaper to extract TRUs from spent MOX than from UOX, then the relative cost of a fuel cycle using MOX fuel may be less than in the case of their geologic disposal. However, the commercial development of FR cycles is uncertain. The value of UOX and MOX is therefore not the deterministic value in case of geologic disposal or in case of reprocessing into FRs. This thesis develops a method to assess the cost of thermal reactor fuel cycles in the presence of uncertainties in back-end management. The representation of future progress in FR technology through a resulting value of TRUs exhibits the properties of MOX as a financial option on the marginal TRU extraction cost. The framework establishes a significant modification of the back-end costs for countries using MOX, compared to traditional valuations. However, these savings do not completely offset the higher costs of recycling in the reference case.
