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A Chronosequence Of Wood Decomposition In The Boreal Forests Of Russia
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Book Synopsis A Chronosequence of Wood Decomposition in the Boreal Forests of Russia by : Mikhail A. Yatskov
Download or read book A Chronosequence of Wood Decomposition in the Boreal Forests of Russia written by Mikhail A. Yatskov and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coarse woody debris (CWD) decomposition in the Russian boreal forests of the southern taiga zone was studied at four sites located near St. Petersburg in Northwestern Russia, Krasnoyarsk in Eastern Siberia, lrkutsk in the Baikal region, and Khabarovsk in the Russian Far East. This study was part of a broader research project assessing processes associated with accumulation, storage, and release of carbon by woody detritus in the forests of Russia. A five-class system based on CWD visual characteristics was used to separate logs and snags into decay classes and to estimate their wood density. The largest effect on density was associated with decay classes and species. Region and position had minor effects on density. Decay-class specific density showed a gradual decrease from decay class one (least decayed) to decay class five (most decayed) regardless of species and region. Coniferous snags showed no decrease in density at least for the first two decay classes; for birch this decrease was gradual for both logs and snags. Species became more similar in density from decay class one to decay class five. The chronosequence approach was used to study CWD decomposition by determining change in CWD mass over time. Larch (Larix spp.) and white pine (Pinus siberica/koraiensis) logs had lower decomposition rate-constants than other studied species among the regions fluctuating between 0.015 and 0.031 year−1 for larch and 0.015 and 0.019 year−1 for white pine. Birch (Betula pendula) had the highest decomposition rate-constants among all species and regions ranging between 0.042 and 0.078 year-1. No effect of temperature or precipitation on decomposition rates was observed among the studied regions, although globally there is a significant effect of temperature at least for species with non-decay resistant heartwood. The management implications of the project results for increasing carbon storage potential of Russian forests through CWD management were examined. The current carbon store of CWD including all forest covered land and disturbed forestland was estimated to be 4.31 Pg C. Depending on species composition, this store can be either decreased to 1.56 Pg C with all tree species being replaced by birch, the fastest decomposing species, or increased to 8.11 Pg C with all species being replaced by Korean pine, the slowest decomposing species. The magnitude of these changes is substantial when compared to the potential increases in carbon sequestration of 2.02 Pg C associated with other management steps such as establishing plantations on forest and agricultural lands, reducing stand replacement fires, reducing harvest rates and increasing rotation age, increasing stand productivity via silvicultural treatments, and establishing plantations on sands, drained peat bogs, and mine tailings.
Book Synopsis Forest BioEnergy Production by : Seppo Kellomäki
Download or read book Forest BioEnergy Production written by Seppo Kellomäki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For thousands of years, forest biomass or wood has been among the main energy sources of humans around the world. Since the industrial revolution, fossil fuels have replaced wood and become the dominant source of energy. The use of fossil fuels has the disadvantage of increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially carbon dioxide (CO2), with the consequent warming of global climate and changes in precipitation. In this context, the substitution of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources like forest biomass is among the ways to mitigate climate change. This book summarizes recent experiences on how to manage forest land to produce woody biomass for energy use and what are the potentials to mitigate climate change by substituting fossil fuels in energy production. In this context, the book addresses how management can affect the supply of energy biomass using short-rotation forestry and the conventional forestry applying long rotations. Furthermore, the book outlines the close interaction between the ecological systems and industrial systems, which controls the carbon cycle between the atmosphere and biosphere. In this context, sustainable forest management is a key to understand and control indirect carbon emissions due to the utilization of forest biomass (e.g. from management, harvesting and logistics, and ecosystem processes), which are often omitted in assessing the carbon neutrality of energy systems based on forest biomass. The focus in this book is on forests and forestry in the boreal and temperate zones, particularly in Northern Europe, where the woody biomass is widely used in the energy industry for producing energy.
Book Synopsis Canadian Journal of Forest Research by :
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Forest Operations, Engineering and Management by : Raffaele Spinelli
Download or read book Forest Operations, Engineering and Management written by Raffaele Spinelli and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Forest Operations, Engineering and Management" that was published in Forests
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Techniques for Determining the Density of Fine Woody Debris by :
Download or read book Evaluation of Techniques for Determining the Density of Fine Woody Debris written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluated various techniques for determining the density (i.e., bulk density) of fine woody debris during forest inventory activities. It was found that only experts in dead wood inventory may be able to identify fine woody debris stages of decay. Suggests various future research directions such as development of a 2-class fine woody debris decay class system.
Book Synopsis Dendroecology by : Mariano M. Amoroso
Download or read book Dendroecology written by Mariano M. Amoroso and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendroecologists apply the principles and methods of tree-ring science to address ecological questions and resolve problems related to global environmental change. In this fast-growing field, tree rings are used to investigate forest development and succession, disturbance regimes, ecotone and treeline dynamics and forest decline. This book of global scope highlights state-of-the-science dendroecological contributions to paradigm-shifts in our understanding of ecophysiology, stand dynamics, disturbance interactions, forest decline and ecosystem resilience to global environmental change and is fundamental to better managing our forested ecosystems for the full range of ecosystem goods and services that they provide.
Book Synopsis Old-Growth Forests by : Christian Wirth
Download or read book Old-Growth Forests written by Christian Wirth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-07 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many terms often used to describe old-growth forests imply that these forests are less vigorous, less productive and less stable than younger forests. But research in the last two decades has yielded results that challenge the view of old-growth forests being in decline. Given the importance of forests in battling climate change and the fact that old-growth forests are shrinking at a rate of 0.5% per year, these new results have come not a moment too soon. This book is the first ever to focus on the ecosystem functioning of old-growth forests. It is an exhaustive compendium of information that contains original work conducted by the authors. In addition, it is truly global in scope as it studies boreal forests in Canada, temperate old-growth forests in Europe and the Americas, and global tropical forests. Written in part to affect future policy, this eminently readable book is as useful for the scientist and student as it is for the politician and politically-interested layman.
Book Synopsis Field Measurements for Forest Carbon Monitoring by : Coeli M Hoover
Download or read book Field Measurements for Forest Carbon Monitoring written by Coeli M Hoover and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 2003, a workshop was held in Portsmouth, NH, to discuss land measurement techniques for the North American Carbon Program. Over 40 sci- tists representing government agencies, academia and nonprofit research organi- tions located in Canada, the US and Mexico participated. During the course of the workshop a number of topics were discussed, with an emphasis on the following: • The need for an intermediate tier of carbon measurements. This level of study would be more extensive than state-level inventories of the US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, but less detailed than intensive ecos- tem studies sites such as those in Long Term Ecological Research network. This tier would ideally provide a basis to link and scale remote sensing measurements and inventory data, and supply data required to parameterize existing models (see Wofsy and Harriss 2002, Denning et al. 2005). • The design criteria that such a network of sites should meet. The network and s- pling design should be standardized, but flexible enough to be applied across North America. The design also needs to be efficient enough to be implemented without the need for large field crews, yet robust enough to provide useful information. Finally, the spatial scale must permit easy linkage to remotely sensed data. • The key variables that should be measured at each site, and the frequency of measurement.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) in the East Asia-Pacific Region by : Eun-Shik Kim
Download or read book Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) in the East Asia-Pacific Region written by Eun-Shik Kim and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecosystem Function in Heterogeneous Landscapes by : Gary M. Lovett
Download or read book Ecosystem Function in Heterogeneous Landscapes written by Gary M. Lovett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-21 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking work connects the knowledge of system function developed in ecosystem ecology with landscape ecology's knowledge of spatial structure. The book elucidates the challenges faced by ecosystem scientists working in spatially heterogeneous systems, relevant conceptual approaches used in other disciplines and in different ecosystem types, and the importance of spatial heterogeneity in conservation resource management.
Book Synopsis Boreal Forests and Global Change by : Michael J. Apps
Download or read book Boreal Forests and Global Change written by Michael J. Apps and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boreal forests form Earth's largest terrestrial biome. They are rich in ecosystem and landscape diversity, though characterized by relatively few plant species, as compared to other forested regions. The long term viability and sustainability of boreal forests is influenced by many factors. They are subject to interruptions at intervals by large-scale natural disturbances, and increasingly by human activities. Boreal ecosystem development is typically a slow process; hence rapid changes in the global environment may invoke complex responses. Many industrial nations border, or lie within, boreal regions, deriving much of their economic wealth and culture from the forests. The response of boreal forests to changes in the global environment - whether caused by direct human activity or by indirect changes such as the anticipated changes in climate - are therefore of considerable international interest, both for their policy implications and their scientific challenges. This book which contains almost 50 peer-reviewed papers from a world-wide group of experts assembled under the auspices of IBFRA, the International Boreal Forest Research Association, covers topics which will stimulate further research and the development of constructive policies for improved management and conservation of global boreal forest resources.
Book Synopsis Sustainability Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes by : Katharina Helming
Download or read book Sustainability Impact Assessment of Land Use Changes written by Katharina Helming and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-11 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many reasons why strategic intelligence is required to support policy decisions. These primarily stem from the nature of today's kno- edge society with two contrasting trends. On the one hand, there is a trend of increasing human intelligence in the economic, social and political s- tems. On the other hand, there is a trend towards dissolving certainties about the problems and solutions of today's society. Clearly, more inf- mation does not necessary imply more certainties on how to act. What is more, the same facts are often interpreted in markedly different ways: the same policy relevant information can – and often does – results in confli- ing framing of a problem by different stakeholders. This is mainly due to competing assumptions, rather then because of inconsistent facts. The- fore, it is not surprising that policy-makers are calling for strategic intel- gence to support their understanding of today's challenges, including the relevant aspects of science and technology, their impact and their possible future developments. Over the last 15 years, Europe has rapidly adopted the practice of dev- oping and using Impact Assessment (IA) tools to support decision-making. Formal procedures and guidance for IA are well established within the European Commission and in most EU Member States. The adoption of IA procedures alone, however, does not guarantee that every policy domain is actually using the full potential of these assessment tools in the preparation of policies and legislation.
Book Synopsis Dying and Dead Trees by : Johan Samuelsson
Download or read book Dying and Dead Trees written by Johan Samuelsson and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperate and boreal forests, ecology.
Book Synopsis New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science by :
Download or read book New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Écoscience written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Living and Dead Woody Biomass in Forest Ecosystem After Windthrow by : Kajar Köster
Download or read book Dynamics of Living and Dead Woody Biomass in Forest Ecosystem After Windthrow written by Kajar Köster and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Managing Boreal Forests in the Context of Climate Change by : Seppo Kellomaki
Download or read book Managing Boreal Forests in the Context of Climate Change written by Seppo Kellomaki and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-02-03 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many places in the world, forests dominate landscapes and provide various products. Future climate change could profoundly alter the productivity of forest ecosystems and species composition. Until now, climate impact research has primarily focused on the likely impacts of rise in temperature, increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, and varying precipitation on unmanaged forests. The issue that now needs to be addressed is how to sustainably manage climate change for timber production and biomass. Though climate change is a global issue, impacts on forests depend on local environmental conditions and management methods, so this book will look at the issue under varying local contexts.
