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Zinc Homeostasis In E Coli
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Book Synopsis Zinc Homeostasis in E. Coli by : Mart Patrick Hensley
Download or read book Zinc Homeostasis in E. Coli written by Mart Patrick Hensley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The homeostasis of transition metal ions is critical to the survival of all organisms. Zinc (Zn(II)) is one of the most important transition metals found in biological systems; however, the homeostasis of this metal is poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that intracellular Zn(II) levels in E. coli are in the low millimolar range, yet there is less than one "free" (unbound) Zn(II) ion per cell. There must exist in the E. coli cell a mechanism for the delivery and insertion of Zn(II) into proteins. The cytoplasmic transport of other transitions metals, such as copper, iron, nickel, manganese, and arsenic, is accomplished by a group of proteins called metallochaperones. No such metallochaperone has been identified for Zn(II). Since none of the available models for intracellular Zn(II) transport are able to explain adequately Zn(II) homeostasis in E. coli, we hypothesized a new model. This model proposes that Zn(II) is delivered to Zn(II) metalloproteins as the proteins are translated and exiting the ribosome. In the co-translational model for Zn(II) homeostasis, the first datum that must be accounted for is the constant presence of 0.2 mM Zn(II) in E. coli. In Chapter 2 it is shown that the ribosome binds significant amounts of Zn(II). This ribosomal storage accounts for millimolar amounts of intracellular Zn(II). In Chapters 3 and 4 studies on several ribosomal proteins (L31, L13, L22, L24, and L29) are presented in an effort to identify Zn(II) binding proteins that could transfer Zn(II) to nascent proteins. Our data show that soluble L31 adopts a unique Zn(II) binding motif containing one cysteine and histidine. This Zn(II) binding site is reminiscent of the Cu(I) binding site of ATX1, a copper metallochaperone. Close examination of the E. coli ribosome crystal structures shows that L31 does not bind Zn(II) with the same binding site as in solution. By accounting for all known data about Zn(II) homeostasis in E. coli, it is hypothesized that ribosomal protein L31, while in solution and not bound to the ribosome, acts as a Zn(II) metallochaperone, delivering Zn(II) to nascent proteins as they exit the ribosome.
Book Synopsis Utilizing the Zinc Homeostasis System of Escherichia Coli as a Novel Inducible Promoter System by : Joseph Ingram
Download or read book Utilizing the Zinc Homeostasis System of Escherichia Coli as a Novel Inducible Promoter System written by Joseph Ingram and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Zinc Biochemistry, Physiology, and Homeostasis by : W. Maret
Download or read book Zinc Biochemistry, Physiology, and Homeostasis written by W. Maret and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapters in this book review the remarkable advances in the field of zinc biology over the last decade. Zinc is essential for life, in particular for growth and development, through its role in hundreds of zinc enzymes and thousands of zinc proteins. Its catalytic, structural, and regulatory functions in these proteins impact metabolism, gene expression, and signal transduction, including neurotransmission. Among the micronutrients, zinc may rank with iron as to its importance for public health. The topics covered range from single molecules to cells and to whole organisms: the chemistry, design, and application of fluorophores for the determination of cellular zinc; the role of zinc in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of cells; proteins that transport, sense, and distribute zinc and together form a cellular homeostatic system; the coordination chemistry of zinc in metalloproteins; the role of zinc in the brain as a neuromodulator/transmitter; the dependence of the immune system on zinc; zinc homeostasis in the whole human body.
Book Synopsis Metal Transporters by : Jose M. Arguello
Download or read book Metal Transporters written by Jose M. Arguello and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Current Topics in Membranes focuses on metal transmembrane transporters and pumps, a recently discovered family of membrane proteins with many important roles in the physiology of living organisms. The book summarizes the most recent advances in the field of metal ion transport and provides a broad overview of the major classes of transporters involved in homeostasis of heavy metals. Various families of the transporters and metal specificities are discussed with the focus on the structural and mechanistic aspects of their function and regulation. The reader will access information obtained through a variety of approaches ranging from X-ray crystallography to cell biology and bioinformatics, which have been applied to transporters identified in diverse biological systems, such as pathogenic bacteria, plants, humans and others. Field is cutting-edge and a lot of the information is new to research community Wide breadth of topic coverage Contributors of high renown and expertise
Book Synopsis Purification and Crystallization of ZITB, A Zinc Transporter from Escherichia Coli by :
Download or read book Purification and Crystallization of ZITB, A Zinc Transporter from Escherichia Coli written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular zinc homeostasis is essential to human health. Zinc transporters transport zinc ions into and out of cells to maintain cellular zinc concentrations in a narrow range. Several membrane proteins have been shown to facilitate transmembrane fluxes of zinc ions, however, structures of these zinc transporters are unknown. The purpose of this work is to express, purify and crystallize a Zinc transporter, ZitB for crystallographic studies. ZitB was over-expressed as a His-tagged membrane protein using a pET15b expression vector hosted in E. coli BL21 cells. Purification of ZitB was achieved by preparation of ZitB-containing membrane vesicles, followed by detergent extraction, and completed with Ni-NTA metal affinity and size exclusion chromatography. The molecular identity of the purified ZitB was confirmed by mass spectrometry, which showed the expected molecular weight of 35.2kDa. Crystallization trials of ZitB were conducted at 20 oC, using a series of low molecular weight PEGs as precipitants. Micro-crystals were grown in 25% PEG 1K, whereas only amorphous precipitations were observed in PEG 400 and 600. In conclusion, this work yielded highly purified ZitB protein and defined an initial crystallization condition for ZitB.
Download or read book Plasmids written by Marcelo E. Tolmasky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the remarkable discoveries in the rapidly expanding field of plasmid biology Plasmids are integral to biological research as models for innumerable mechanisms of living cells, as tools for creating the most diverse therapies, and as crucial helpers for understanding the dissemination of microbial populations. Their role in virulence and antibiotic resistance, together with the generalization of "omics" disciplines, has recently ignited a new wave of interest in plasmids. This comprehensive book contains a series of expertly written chapters focused on plasmid biology, mechanistic details of plasmid function, and the increased utilization of plasmids in biotechnology and pharmacology that has occurred in the past decade. Plasmids: Biology and Impact in Biotechnology and Discovery serves as an invaluable reference for researchers in the wide range of fields and disciplines that utilize plasmids and can also be used as a textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in biotechnology and molecular biology.
Book Synopsis Identification and Characterization of Zn(II)-responsive Genes and Proteins in E. Coli by : James Allen Easton
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Zn(II)-responsive Genes and Proteins in E. Coli written by James Allen Easton and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition metal ion homeostasis is absolutely crucial for the survival of all organisms. Zinc (Zn(II)) is perhaps one of the most important, yet least studied transition metals. Previous studies indicate that intracellular Zn(II) levels in E. coli are in the low millimolar range, yet there is less than one "free" Zn(II) ion per cell. All of the intracellular Zn(II) must then be bound and Zn(II) must be delivered from transporters and inserted into Zn(II)-metalloproteins. The cytoplasmic transport of transition metals, such as copper, iron, nickel, manganese, and arsenic, is accomplished by a group of proteins called metallochaperones. No such metallochaperone has been identified for Zn(II). In an effort to identify the Zn(II) metallochaperones in E. coli, proteomic and genomic studies were conducted. Proteomic studies were used to probe for the time-dependent response of E. coli to stress by Zn(II) excess. Genomic studies were used to probe for the transcriptional response of E. coli to stress by Zn(II) excess and deficiency. Several Zn(II)-metallochaperone candidates were identified, and these proteins were cloned, over-expressed, purified, and characterized. Trigger factor was found to be down-regulated at the proteomic level in response to excess Zn(II). Over-expression and characterization of trigger factor show that it tightly binds 0.5 Zn(II)/monomer; however, spectroscopic studies showed that Zn(II) binding is most likely adventitious. GatY/GatZ Zn(II)-responsive proteins that are part of the galactitol catabolic pathway. GatY was over-expressed and shown to bind 2 Zn(II) equivalents per enzyme. GatZ, reported to be necessary for GatY function, was tested for Zn(II)-binding and shown to not bind Zn(II). A transcript found to be highly up-regulated was ykgM. We cloned and over-expressed YkgM to elucidate why it is highly responsive to Zn(II). We determined that YkgM does not bind Zn(II), and may substitute for Zn(II)-containing ribosomal protein L31 in Zn(II)-limiting conditions. ZnuA was cloned, over-expressed, purified, and characterized. We found that ZnuA tightly binds 2 equivalents of Zn(II) per monomer. Our proteomic and genomic data suggest that there are no soluble, cytoplasmic Zn(II) metallochaperones in E. coli. Based on this conclusion, a novel model is hypothesized that explains Zn(II) transport in E. coli cytoplasm.
Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc Homeostasis in Bacillus Subtilis Mediated by Zur, a Fur Family Member by : Scott Edward Gabriel
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc Homeostasis in Bacillus Subtilis Mediated by Zur, a Fur Family Member written by Scott Edward Gabriel and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc is an essential nutrient due to its role as a structural co-factor for protein folding and as a catalytic co-factor for many enzymes. However, if this nutrient accumulates over a given threshold, it can become toxic to the cell. For these reasons, it is absolutely critical for cell survival that zinc homeostasis be tightly controlled. In Bacillus subtilis, a model Gram positive organism, the response to zinc limitation is mediated by Zur which acts as a classical repressor when Zinc is present. The Zur regulon has been characterized and currently contains ten genes all suspected or known to contribute to the zinc starvation response. Classically this response was thought of in terms of obtaining external zinc by high affinity pumps. In part, the work presented within will show that our understanding bacterial metal ion homeostasis is expanding. We now understand that in addition to uptake as a metal limitation response, cells also create duplicates of zinc requiring proteins which have altered metal co-factor specificity, a mechanism we classify as substitution. Finally, bacteria use mobilization as a response mechanism by creating conditions in which zinc containing proteins are replaced and the zinc which they contained is used for continued growth in zinc limiting conditions. The work presented here shows a cross-section of the molecular mechanisms Zur employs to achieve zinc homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis. Starting at the protein biochemistry level, I will present studies aimed at addressing how Zur senses zinc. This work uses a site directed mutagenesis approach to identify amino acid residues which make up the three conserved zinc binding pockets within the Zur protein and how each contributes to Zur's function. Second, after understanding how the protein senses zinc, I sought to understand how Zur regulated one of the uncharacterized members of its regulon, the yciC gene. In addition to elucidating the regulation of the unique promoter structure of yciC, I also show that Zur binds a consensus 9-1-9 inverted repeat. Finally at a physiological level, I studied the three ribosomal genes under the control of Zur to understand their contribution towards the zinc starvation response.
Book Synopsis Molecular Microbiology of Heavy Metals by : Dietrich H. Nies
Download or read book Molecular Microbiology of Heavy Metals written by Dietrich H. Nies and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-24 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers allocation of metals in cells, metal transporter, storage and metalloregulatory proteins, cellular responses to metal ion stress, transcription of genes involved in metal ion homeostasis, uptake of essential metals, metal efflux and other detoxification mechanisms. The book also discusses metal bioreporters for the nanomolar range of concentration and tools to address the metallome. In addition, coverage details specific metals.
Book Synopsis Metal Ions in Gene Regulation by : Simon Silver
Download or read book Metal Ions in Gene Regulation written by Simon Silver and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume on the role of metal ions in regulating genes to focus not only on toxicity effects of metals but also on the role of metal ions in normal metabolisms, in both prokaryotes and in eukaryotes. This book is a comprehensive treatment of the role of metal ions in gene regulation, and it will be of great utility for those doing basic biological and biomedical research.
Book Synopsis Islets of Langerhans, 2. Ed by : Shahidul Islam
Download or read book Islets of Langerhans, 2. Ed written by Shahidul Islam and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Copper and Bacteria by : Marc Solioz
Download or read book Copper and Bacteria written by Marc Solioz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-23 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades, great progress has been made in the understanding of copper as a bioelement. The book summarizes the current knowledge of copper toxicity, homeostasis and resistance in bacteria, in which proteins like copper ATPases, copper chaperones and copper-responsive regulators of gene expression play major roles. The author also discusses the metallation of cuproenzymes. The evolution of the use of copper by cells and of copper-homeostatic proteins are is also considered in this Brief.
Book Synopsis Zinc Signaling by : Toshiyuki Fukada
Download or read book Zinc Signaling written by Toshiyuki Fukada and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, now in an extensively revised second edition, describes the crucial role of zinc signaling in biological processes on a molecular and physiological basis. Global leaders in the field review the latest knowledge, including the very significant advances in understanding that have been achieved since publication of the first edition. Detailed information is provided on all the essentials of zinc signaling, covering molecular aspects and the roles of zinc transporters, the zinc sensing receptor, and metallothioneins. Detection techniques for zinc signals, involving genetically encoded and chemical probes, are also described. The critical contributions of the zinc signal in maintaining health and the adverse consequences of any imbalance in the signal are then thoroughly addressed. Here, readers will find up-to-date information on the significance of the zinc signal in a wide range of conditions, including cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, skin disease, osteoarthritis, and cancer. The book will be of value for researchers, clinicians, and advanced students.
Book Synopsis Perspectives on Bioinorganic Chemistry by : R.W. Hay
Download or read book Perspectives on Bioinorganic Chemistry written by R.W. Hay and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-09-23 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this series is to provide authoritative reviews in the rapidly expanding area of bioinorganic chemistry. The series will present "state of the art" reviews covering the whole field of bioinorganic chemistry. The present volume is the fourth in the series and covers the topics: lithium in biology, the structure and function of ceroplasmin, rhenium complexes in nuclear medicine, the anti-HIV activity of macrocyclic polyamines and their metal complexes for dinuclear phosphoesterase enzymes.
Book Synopsis Plant ABC Transporters by : Markus Geisler
Download or read book Plant ABC Transporters written by Markus Geisler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-06 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the fascinating superfamily of plant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and their variety of transported substrates. It highlights their exciting biological functions, covering aspects ranging from cellular detoxification, through development, to symbiosis and defense. Moreover, it also includes a number of chapters that center on ABC transporters from non-Arabidopsis species. ABC proteins are ubiquitous, membrane-intrinsic transporters that catalyze the primary (ATP-dependent) movement of their substrates through biological membranes. Initially identified as an essential aspect of a vacuolar detoxification process, genetic work in the last decade has revealed an unexpectedly diverse variety of ABC transporter substrates, which include not only xenobiotic conjugates, but also heavy metals, lipids, terpenoids, lignols, alkaloids and organic acids. The discovery that members of the ABCB and ABCG family are involved in the movement of phytohormones has further sparked their exploration and provided a new understanding of the whole family. Accordingly, the trafficking, regulation and structure-function of ABCB-type auxin transporters are especially emphasized in this book.
Book Synopsis Metals in Cells by : Valeria Culotta
Download or read book Metals in Cells written by Valeria Culotta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last three decades a lot of research on the role of metals in biochemistry and medicine has been done. As a result many structures of biomolecules with metals have been characterized and medicinal chemistry studied the effects of metal containing drugs. This new book (from the EIBC Book Series) covers recent advances made by top researchers in the field of metals in cells [the “metallome”] and include: regulated metal ion uptake and trafficking, sensing of metals within cells and across tissues, and identification of the vast cellular factors designed to orchestrate assembly of metal cofactor sites while minimizing toxic side reactions of metals. In addition, it features aspects of metals in disease, including the role of metals in neuro-degeneration, liver disease, and inflammation, as a way to highlight the detrimental effects of mishandling of metal trafficking and response to "foreign" metals. With the breadth of our recently acquired understanding of metals in cells, a book that features key aspects of cellular handling of inorganic elements is both timely and important. At this point in our understanding, it is worthwhile to step back and take an expansive view of how far our understanding has come, while also highlighting how much we still do not know. The content from this book will publish online, as part of EIBC in December 2013, find out more about the Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, the essential online resource for researchers and students working in all areas of inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry.
Book Synopsis Dietary Interventions in Gastrointestinal Diseases by : Ronald Ross Watson
Download or read book Dietary Interventions in Gastrointestinal Diseases written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary Interventions in Gastrointestinal Diseases: Foods, Nutrients and Dietary Supplements provides valuable insights into the agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions in the gastrointestinal system. It provides nutritional treatment options for those suffering from gastrointestinal diseases including Crohn’s Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ulcerative Colitis and Allergies, among others. Information is presented on a variety of foods, including herbs, fruits, soy and olive oil, thus showing that changes in intake can change antioxidant and disease preventing non-nutrients and affect gastrointestinal health and/or disease promotion. This book serves as a valuable resource for biomedical researchers who focus on identifying the causes of gastrointestinal diseases and food scientists targeting health-related product development. Provides information on agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions in the gastrointestinal tract Explores the impact of composition, including differences based on country of origin and processing techniques to highlight compositional differences and their effect on the gastrointestinal tract Addresses the most positive results from dietary interventions using bioactive foods to impact gastrointestinal diseases, including reduction of inflammation and improved function of organs
