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William Whewells Theory Of Scientific Method
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Book Synopsis William Whewell's Theory of Scientific Method by : Robert E. Butts
Download or read book William Whewell's Theory of Scientific Method written by Robert E. Butts and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2010-11-23 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: William Whewell is considered one of the most important nineteenth-century British philosophers of science and a contributor to modern philosophical thought, particularly regarding the problem of induction and the logic of discovery. In this volume, Robert E. Butts offers selections from Whewell's most important writings, and analysis of counter-claims to his philosophy.
Book Synopsis Theory of Scientific Method by : William Whewell
Download or read book Theory of Scientific Method written by William Whewell and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes the author's seminal studies of the logic of induction, arguments for his realist view that science discovers necessary truths about nature, and exercises in the epistemology and ontology of science.
Book Synopsis The Scientific Method by : Henry M. Cowles
Download or read book The Scientific Method written by Henry M. Cowles and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-14 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surprising history of the scientific method—from an evolutionary account of thinking to a simple set of steps—and the rise of psychology in the nineteenth century. The idea of a single scientific method, shared across specialties and teachable to ten-year-olds, is just over a hundred years old. For centuries prior, science had meant a kind of knowledge, made from facts gathered through direct observation or deduced from first principles. But during the nineteenth century, science came to mean something else: a way of thinking. The Scientific Method tells the story of how this approach took hold in laboratories, the field, and eventually classrooms, where science was once taught as a natural process. Henry M. Cowles reveals the intertwined histories of evolution and experiment, from Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection to John Dewey’s vision for science education. Darwin portrayed nature as akin to a man of science, experimenting through evolution, while his followers turned his theory onto the mind itself. Psychologists reimagined the scientific method as a problem-solving adaptation, a basic feature of cognition that had helped humans prosper. This was how Dewey and other educators taught science at the turn of the twentieth century—but their organic account was not to last. Soon, the scientific method was reimagined as a means of controlling nature, not a product of it. By shedding its roots in evolutionary theory, the scientific method came to seem far less natural, but far more powerful. This book reveals the origin of a fundamental modern concept. Once seen as a natural adaptation, the method soon became a symbol of science’s power over nature, a power that, until recently, has rarely been called into question.
Book Synopsis Theories of Scientific Method by : Robert Nola
Download or read book Theories of Scientific Method written by Robert Nola and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is it to be scientific? Is there such a thing as scientific method? And if so, how might such methods be justified? Robert Nola and Howard Sankey seek to provide answers to these fundamental questions in their exploration of the major recent theories of scientific method. Although for many scientists their understanding of method is something they just pick up in the course of being trained, Nola and Sankey argue that it is possible to be explicit about what this tacit understanding of method is, rather than leave it as some unfathomable mystery. They robustly defend the idea that there is such a thing as scientific method and show how this might be legitimated. This book begins with the question of what methodology might mean and explores the notions of values, rules and principles, before investigating how methodologists have sought to show that our scientific methods are rational. Part 2 of this book sets out some principles of inductive method and examines its alternatives including abduction, IBE, and hypothetico-deductivism. Part 3 introduces probabilistic modes of reasoning, particularly Bayesianism in its various guises, and shows how it is able to give an account of many of the values and rules of method. Part 4 considers the ideas of philosophers who have proposed distinctive theories of method such as Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend and Part 5 continues this theme by considering philosophers who have proposed naturalised theories of method such as Quine, Laudan and Rescher. This book offers readers a comprehensive introduction to the idea of scientific method and a wide-ranging discussion of how historians of science, philosophers of science and scientists have grappled with the question over the last fifty years.
Download or read book Science Rules written by Peter Achinstein and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2004-09-24 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Included is a famous nineteenth-century debate about scientific reasoning between the hypothetico-deductivist William Whewell and the inductivist John Stuart Mill; and an account of the realism-antirealism dispute about unobservables in science, with a consideration of Perrin's argument for the existence of molecules in the early twentieth century.
Book Synopsis William Whewell's Theory of Scientific Method by : William Whewell
Download or read book William Whewell's Theory of Scientific Method written by William Whewell and published by [Pittsburgh] : University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 1968 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: William Whewell is considered one of the most important nineteenth-century British philosophers of science and a contributor to modern philosophical thought, particularly regarding the problem of induction and the logic of discovery. In this volume, Robert E. Butts offers selections from Whewell's most important writings, and analysis of counter-claims to his philosophy.
Book Synopsis Reforming Philosophy by : Laura J. Snyder
Download or read book Reforming Philosophy written by Laura J. Snyder and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Victorian period in Britain was an “age of reform.” It is therefore not surprising that two of the era’s most eminent intellects described themselves as reformers. Both William Whewell and John Stuart Mill believed that by reforming philosophy—including the philosophy of science—they could effect social and political change. But their divergent visions of this societal transformation led to a sustained and spirited controversy that covered morality, politics, science, and economics. Situating their debate within the larger context of Victorian society and its concerns, Reforming Philosophy shows how two very different men captured the intellectual spirit of the day and engaged the attention of other scientists and philosophers, including the young Charles Darwin. Mill—philosopher, political economist, and Parliamentarian—remains a canonical author of Anglo-American philosophy, while Whewell—Anglican cleric, scientist, and educator—is now often overlooked, though in his day he was renowned as an authority on science. Placing their teachings in their proper intellectual, cultural, and argumentative spheres, Laura Snyder revises the standard views of these two important Victorian figures, showing that both men’s concerns remain relevant today. A philosophically and historically sensitive account of the engagement of the major protagonists of Victorian British philosophy, Reforming Philosophy is the first book-length examination of the dispute between Mill and Whewell in its entirety. A rich and nuanced understanding of the intellectual spirit of Victorian Britain, it will be welcomed by philosophers and historians of science, scholars of Victorian studies, and students of the history of philosophy and political economy.
Book Synopsis Novum Organon Renovatum by : William Whewell
Download or read book Novum Organon Renovatum written by William Whewell and published by . This book was released on 1858 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Science and Religion by : Pietro Corsi
Download or read book Science and Religion written by Pietro Corsi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and Religion assesses the impact of social, political and intellectual change upon Anglican circles, with reference to Oxford University in the decades that followed the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars. More particularly, the career of Baden Powell, father of the more famous founder of the Boy Scout movement, offers material for an important case-study in intellectual and political reorientation: his early militancy in right-wing Anglican movements slowly turned to a more tolerant attitude towards radical theological, philosophical and scientific trends. During the 1840s and 1850s, Baden Powell became a fearless proponent of new dialogues in transcendentalism in theology, positivism in philosophy, and pre-Darwinian evolutionary theories in biology. He was for instance the first prominent Anglican to express full support for Darwin's Origin of Species. Analysis of his many publications, and of his interaction with such contemporaries as Richard Whately, John Henry and Francis Newman, Robert Chambers, William Benjamin Carpenter, George Henry Lewes and George Eliot, reveals hitherto unnoticed dimensions of mid-nineteenth-century British intellectual and social life.
Book Synopsis A Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Science by : John Losee
Download or read book A Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Science written by John Losee and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2001-03-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Losee provides a balanced and engaging survey of the development of views about scientific method. Ideal for those coming to the subject for the first time, this fully updated new edition incorporates discussion on contemporary debates, including philosophy of biology, normative naturalism, theory appraisal, experimental practice, and scientific realism. Concise profiles of the major philosophers discussed within the text are provided, including Aristotle, Galileo, Newton, Whewell, Hempel, and Kuhn.
Book Synopsis The Structure of Scientific Inference by : Mary Hesse
Download or read book The Structure of Scientific Inference written by Mary Hesse and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2022-05-13 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1974.
Download or read book Insight written by Jorge L. Ahumada and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the clinical processes of psychoanalysis by charting modern developments in logic and applying them to the study of insight. Offering an epistemic approach to clinical psychoanalysis this book places value on the clinical interpretations of both the analysand and analyst and engages in a critique on purely linguistic approaches to psychoanalysis, which forsake crucial dimensions of clinical practice. Drawing on the work of key twentieth century thinkers including Jerome Richfield, Ignacio Matte-Blanco, Gregory Bateson and the pioneering contribution on insight made by James Strachey, topics of discussion include: the structure and role of clinical interpretation interpretation and creationism body, meaning and language logical levels and transference. As such, this book will be of great interest to all those in the psychoanalytic field, in particular those wanting to learn more about the study of insight and its relationship to clinical processes of psychoanalysis.
Book Synopsis John Stuart Mill by : John Cunningham Wood
Download or read book John Stuart Mill written by John Cunningham Wood and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1991 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Augustus De Morgan, Polymath by : Karen Attar
Download or read book Augustus De Morgan, Polymath written by Karen Attar and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2024-09-04 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Augustus De Morgan died in 1871, he was described as ‘one of the profoundest mathematicians in the United Kingdom’ and even as ‘the greatest of our mathematicians’. But he was far more than just a mathematician. Because much of his voluminous written output on various subjects was scattered throughout journals and encyclopaedias, the breadth of his interests and contributions has been underappreciated by historians. Now, renewed interest in De Morgan’s life and work has coincided with the digitization of his extensive library, revealing the extent to which he pioneered and influenced the development of not merely mathematics but also logic, astronomy, the history of mathematics, education, and bibliography. This edited collection celebrates De Morgan as a polymath. Drawing together multiple elements of his activity from a range of publications and archives, its contributors re-assess his academic work, his place in his intellectual environment, and his legacy. The result offers new insight into De Morgan himself as well as the wider circles in which he moved, including his family life.
Download or read book Scientific Method written by Barry Gower and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-10-12 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central theme running throughout this outstanding new survey is the nature of the philosophical debate created by modern science's foundation in experimental and mathematical method. More recently, recognition that reasoning in science is probabilistic generated intense debate about whether and how it should be constrained so as to ensure the practical certainty of the conclusions drawn. These debates brought to light issues of a philosophical nature which form the core of many scientific controversies today. Scientific Method: A Historical and Philosophical Introduction presents these debates through clear and comparative discussion of key figures in the history of science. Key chapters critically discuss * Galileo's demonstrative method, Bacon's inductive method, and Newton's rules of reasoning * the rise of probabilistic `Bayesian' methods in the eighteenth century * the method of hypotheses through the work of Herschel, Mill and Whewell * the conventionalist views of Poincaré and Duhem * the inductivism of Peirce, Russell and Keynes * Popper's falsification compared with Reichenbach's enumerative induction * Carnap's scientific method as Bayesian reasoning The debates are brought up to date in the final chapters by considering the ways in which ideas about method in the physical and biological sciences have affected thinking about method in the social sciences. This debate is analyzed through the ideas of key theorists such as Kuhn, Lakatos, and Feyerabend.
Book Synopsis Early Mathematical Economics by : James P. Henderson
Download or read book Early Mathematical Economics written by James P. Henderson and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1996 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Convinced that Ricardian concept of political economy, dominant among his contempories, was based on unscientific doctrines and dubious moral conclusions, William Whewell and his followers sought to transform scientific knowledge and to reform British education by applying mathematics to economics. James P. Henderson's comprehensive study argues that Whewell developed a strategy to challenge the growing dominance of the Ricardian paradigm by highlighting the errors in its deductive reasoning. Whewell's views on scientific methodology, moral philosophy, and educational doctrine influenced several generations of prominent mathematical economists, including Edward Rogers, Col. T. Perronet Thompson, John Edward Tozer, Sir John William Lubbock, and Dionysius Lardner. Along with Richard Jones, Whewell was instrumental in developing an inductive political economy based upon careful historical and statistical research. This study of Whewell's contributions to mathematical economics is important reading for students and scholars of economics and political economy.
Book Synopsis Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior by : Robert J. Richards
Download or read book Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior written by Robert J. Richards and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-06-01 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With insight and wit, Robert J. Richards focuses on the development of evolutionary theories of mind and behavior from their first distinct appearance in the eighteenth century to their controversial state today. Particularly important in the nineteenth century were Charles Darwin's ideas about instinct, reason, and morality, which Richards considers against the background of Darwin's personality, training, scientific and cultural concerns, and intellectual community. Many critics have argued that the Darwinian revolution stripped nature of moral purpose and ethically neutered the human animal. Richards contends, however, that Darwin, Herbert Spencer, and their disciples attempted to reanimate moral life, believing that the evolutionary process gave heart to unselfish, altruistic behavior. "Richards's book is now the obvious introduction to the history of ideas about mind and behavior in the nineteenth century."—Mark Ridley, Times Literary Supplement "Not since the publication of Michael Ghiselin's The Triumph of the Darwinian Method has there been such an ambitious, challenging, and methodologically self-conscious interpretation of the rise and development and evolutionary theories and Darwin's role therein."—John C. Greene, Science "His book . . . triumphantly achieves the goal of all great scholarship: it not only informs us, but shows us why becoming thus informed is essential to understanding our own issues and projects."—Daniel C. Dennett, Philosophy of Science
