Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Why Is Unemployment So High At Full Capacity The Persistence Of Unemployment The Natural Rate And Potential Output In The Federal Republic Of Germany
Download Why Is Unemployment So High At Full Capacity The Persistence Of Unemployment The Natural Rate And Potential Output In The Federal Republic Of Germany full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Why Is Unemployment So High At Full Capacity The Persistence Of Unemployment The Natural Rate And Potential Output In The Federal Republic Of Germany ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Why is Unemployment so High At Full Capacity? The Persistence of Unemployment, the Natural Rate, and Potential Output in the Federal Republic of Germany by : Mr.David T. Coe
Download or read book Why is Unemployment so High At Full Capacity? The Persistence of Unemployment, the Natural Rate, and Potential Output in the Federal Republic of Germany written by Mr.David T. Coe and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-10-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The empirical analysis indicates that in the Federal Republic the unemployed primarily influence the relationship between the level of real wages and productivity, rather than the growth of wages. This result suggests a distinction between an equilibrium natural rate of unemployment, which is estimated to have been 3-4 percent in the 1980s, and a quasi-equilibrium unemployment rate closer to actual rates of 7-8 percent. Corresponding to these two concepts of equilibrium unemployment, estimates are presented of alternative concepts of potential output that differ according to whether labor input is consistent with the quasi-equilibrium rate of unemployment or with the natural rate of unemployment.
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :9781557752000 Total Pages :192 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (52 download)
Book Synopsis German Unification by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book German Unification written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-12-04 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses comparison of economic and social indicators in the year 1988 between Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and German Democratic Republic (GDR). The budgetary costs of unification will be substantially larger than initially envisaged. Moreover, if one adds to the budget the increases in government debt related to equalization paper, a portion of the old enterprise debt on the books of the banks. The Trust Fund has been assigned a task or enormous scope and complexity: the privatization, restructuring, and in some cases, liquidation of 8000 enterprises with 4 million employees. Even taking care of the short-run financial problems of these enterprises has proved daunting; the more fundamental task will be near impossible to achieve with any rapidity. It is clearly essential to the success of economic integration that capital allow east rather than labor flowing west and that income growth and new opportunities arc enough to meet reasonable aspirations on the pan of the residents of East Germany.
Book Synopsis United Germany by : Mr.Robert J. Corker
Download or read book United Germany written by Mr.Robert J. Corker and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-06-14 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This papers reviews economic and financial developments in Germany since its reunification nearly five years ago; and analyzes some critical issues that have featured prominently in the policy debate over this period and are likely to continue attracting attention in the years ahead.
Book Synopsis Selective Government Interventions and Economic Growth by : Mr.Jonathan David Ostry
Download or read book Selective Government Interventions and Economic Growth written by Mr.Jonathan David Ostry and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1993-11-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the mid-1980s, New Zealand has been engaged in a broad-ranging economic reform program--involving liberalization of key sectors of the economy, reduction in trade protection, and trimming of the public sector--in order to restructure its economy and stimulate growth. With growth performance having been rather lackluster in recent years, questions have been raised as to whether a more interventionist approach--such as that followed by some Asian countries--might be warranted in order to place the economy on a higher growth path. A review of the empirical literature dealing with the experience of the dynamic Asian economies does not suggest that their success can be attributed to any significant degree to selective government interventions.
Author :British Library of Political and Economic Science Publisher :Psychology Press ISBN 13 :9780415074575 Total Pages :704 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (745 download)
Book Synopsis International Bibliography of the Social Sciences by : British Library of Political and Economic Science
Download or read book International Bibliography of the Social Sciences written by British Library of Political and Economic Science and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IBSS is the essential tool for librarians, university departments, research institutions and any public or private institution whose work requires access to up-to-date and comprehenisve knowledge of the social sciences.
Author :International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :145197325X Total Pages :236 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (519 download)
Book Synopsis IMF Staff papers by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Download or read book IMF Staff papers written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses alternative auction techniques for pricing and allocating various financial instruments, such as government securities, central bank refinance credit, and foreign exchange. Before recommending appropriate formats for auctioning these items, the paper discusses basic auction formats, assessing the advantages and disadvantages of each, based on the existing, mostly theoretical, literature. It is noted that auction techniques can be usefully employed for a broad range of items and that their application is of particular relevance to the impetus in many parts of the world toward establishing market-oriented economies.
Book Synopsis German and American Wage and Price Dynamics by : Wolfgang Franz
Download or read book German and American Wage and Price Dynamics written by Wolfgang Franz and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of unemployment in West Germany and the U. S. stands in sharp contrast, with German unemployment much lower from 1960 to the early 19705 but substantially higher from 1984 to 1988. This paper provides a framework for examining the relationship between inflation and unemployment that sheds light on these developments. The theoretical section develops a new nonstructural model of wage and Price adjustment that integrates severa! concepts that have often been treated separately, including Phillips curve "level effects," hysteresis "change effects," the error-correction mechanism, and the role of changes in labor's share that act as a supply shock. The empirical analysis reaches rwo striking conclusions. First, during 1973-90coefficients in our German wage equations arc remarkably similar to those in the U.S., with almost identical estimates of the Phillips curve slope, of the hysteresis effect, and of the NAIRU. The two countries also share similar inflation behavior, in that inflation depends more closely on the capacity utilization rate than on the unemployment rate, The big difference berween the two countries is that there is no feedback from wages to prices in Germany, and so high unemployment does not put downward pressure on the inflation rate. During the 19705 and 19805 in Germany there emerged a growing mismatch between the labor market and industrial capacity, so that the unemployment rate consistent with the mean (constant-inflation) utilization rate ("MURU") increased sharply, while in the U. S. the MURU was relatively stable. The German utilization rate in late 1990was about 90 percent, considerably higher than the estimated MURU of 85 percent. Accordingly, we conclude that the Bundesbank was appropriately concerned about the acceleration of inflation implied by the tight product market of that period.
Book Synopsis Hysteresis and Business Cycles by : Ms.Valerie Cerra
Download or read book Hysteresis and Business Cycles written by Ms.Valerie Cerra and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.
Download or read book IMF Working Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Index to International Statistics by :
Download or read book Index to International Statistics written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Explaining Unemployment in Spain by : Mr.Jeffrey R. Franks
Download or read book Explaining Unemployment in Spain written by Mr.Jeffrey R. Franks and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-09-01 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spain has the most serious and persistent unemployment problem in Europe, with an unemployment rate that reached 24.6 percent in early 1994. This paper explores the characteristics of this unemployment problem, its causes, and provides a brief discussion of recent labor market reform measures and their likely Impact. A demographic shift in recent years has produced a large rise in female labor force participation and a decrease in agricultural jobs to which the economy has been unable to adjust. The effects of generous unemployment benefits and the large underground economy may explain 6–12 percentage points of the resulting unemployment, but the remainder must be explained by failures and rigidities in the labor market. The paper presents econometric evidence that unemployment displays hysteresis, and that wages are not responsive to changes in the unemployment rate. This evidence supports the claim that insider-outsider factors and rigidities in the legal structure of the labor market are responsible for much of the high unemployment rate. Recent reforms have improved the functioning of the labor market, but they are unlikely to be sufficient to reduce unemployment to single digit rates without further action.
Book Synopsis INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND STAFF PAPERS by :
Download or read book INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND STAFF PAPERS written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development by : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Download or read book Proceedings of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development written by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists by :
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1985-09 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1986 by :
Download or read book NBER Macroeconomics Annual 1986 written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics by : David R. Henderson
Download or read book The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics written by David R. Henderson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains 168 alphabetically arranged essays that provide information about topics related to economics, and includes biographical profiles of nearly one hundred noted economists.
