Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined In Industrialized Countries Implications For Pedestrians And Vehicle Occupants

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Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries?

Author : Elizabeth Kopits
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? by : Elizabeth Kopits

Download or read book Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? written by Elizabeth Kopits and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to pedestrian fatalities, occupant fatalities do not show a significant decline with income. What does explain declines in occupant fatalities per VKT are reductions in alcohol abuse and improved medical services, and a reduction in young drivers. The importance of demographic factors suggests that in countries where young persons (between 15 and 24 years of age) comprise an increasing share of the driving population, adopting policies to improve young driver education and reduce speeds will be crucial."

Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants

Author : Elizabeth Kopits
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants by : Elizabeth Kopits

Download or read book Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants written by Elizabeth Kopits and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines whether the relationship between traffic fatalities and per capita income is the same for different classes of road users and investigates the factors underlying the decline in fatalities per vehicle kilometer traveled (VKT) observed in high-income countries over recent decades. Formal models of traffic fatalities are developed for vehicle occupants and pedestrians. Reduced-form approximations to these models are estimated using panel data for 32 high-income countries over 1964-2002. The results suggest that the downward-sloping portion of the curve relating traffic fatalities per capita to per capita income is due primarily to improved pedestrian safety. The more detailed models shed light on some factors influencing pedestrian fatalities per VKT, but much of the reduction in pedestrian fatalities remains unexplained. Increased motorization and a reduction in the proportion of young drivers in the population, however, clearly played a role. In contrast to pedestrian fatalities, occupant fatalities do not show a significant decline with income. What does explain declines in occupant fatalities per VKT are reductions in alcohol abuse and improved medical services, and a reduction in young drivers. The importance of demographic factors suggests that in countries where young persons (between 15 and 24 years of age) comprise an increasing share of the driving population, adopting policies to improve young driver education and reduce speeds will be crucial.

Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialised Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants

Author : Elizabeth Kopits
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialised Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants by : Elizabeth Kopits

Download or read book Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialised Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants written by Elizabeth Kopits and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention

Author : Marjorie Peden
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437904068
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention by : Marjorie Peden

Download or read book World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention written by Marjorie Peden and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in the hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. This report presents a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors -- including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society -- have worked to produce the report. Charts and tables.

The Injury Chart Book

Author :
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 924156220X
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis The Injury Chart Book by :

Download or read book The Injury Chart Book written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2002 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication seeks to provide a global overview of the nature and extent of injury mortality and morbidity in the form of user-friendly tables and charts. It is hoped that the graphical representation of the main patterns of the burden of disease due to injury will raise awareness of the importance of injuries as a public health issue and facilitate the implementation of effective prevention programs.

Global status report on road safety 2023

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 924008651X
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Global status report on road safety 2023 by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Global status report on road safety 2023 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2023-12-12 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global status report on road safety 2023 shows that the number of annual road traffic deaths has fallen slightly to 1.19 million. The report shows that efforts to improve road safety are having an impact, and that significant reductions in road traffic deaths can be made if proven measures are applied. Despite this, the price paid for mobility remains too high. Road traffic injuries remain the leading killer of children and young people aged 5-29 years. More than half of fatalities occur among pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, in particular those living in low and middle-income countries. Urgent action is needed if the global goal of at least halving road traffic deaths and injuries by the year 2030 is to be achieved.

Forensic DNA Typing

Author : John M. Butler
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080470610
Total Pages : 679 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Forensic DNA Typing by : John M. Butler

Download or read book Forensic DNA Typing written by John M. Butler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-02-08 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic DNA Typing, Second Edition, is the only book available that specifically covers detailed information on mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome. It examines the science of current forensic DNA typing methods by focusing on the biology, technology, and genetic interpretation of short tandem repeat (STR) markers, which encompass the most common forensic DNA analysis methods used today. The book covers topics from introductory level right up to cutting edge research. High-profile cases are addressed throughout the text, near the sections dealing with the science or issues behind these cases. Ten new chapters have been added to accommodate the explosion of new information since the turn of the century. These additional chapters cover statistical genetic analysis of DNA data, an emerging field of interest to DNA research. Several chapters on statistical analysis of short tandem repeat (STR) typing data have been contributed by Dr. George Carmody, a well-respected professor in forensic genetics. Specific examples make the concepts of population genetics more understandable. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in forensic DNA analysis, forensic scientists, population geneticists, military and private and public forensic laboratories (for identifying individuals through remains), and students of forensic science. *The only book available that specifically covers detailed information on mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome*Chapters cover the topic from introductory level right up to "cutting edge" research*High-profile cases are addressed throughout the book, near the sections dealing with the science or issues behind these cases*NEW TO THIS EDITION: D.N.A. Boxes--boxed "Data, Notes & Applications" sections throughout the book offer higher levels of detail on specific questions

Issues of the Day

Author : Ian W. H. Parry
Publisher : Earthscan
ISBN 13 : 193633125X
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (363 download)

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Book Synopsis Issues of the Day by : Ian W. H. Parry

Download or read book Issues of the Day written by Ian W. H. Parry and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2010 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues of the Day provides an easy way for students, academics, journalists, policymakers, and the public to learn about a diverse range of policy issues affecting the environment, energy, transportation, and public health. Each commentary gives a short assessment of a topic, summarizing in a non-technical way the current state of analysis or evidence on the issue, along with selected recommendations for further reading. The essays are written by world renowned scholars, mostly economists, and provide useful insights on policy problems that are often complex and poorly understood. Some of the topics covered include air pollution, hazardous waste, voluntary environmental programs, domestic (U.S.) and global climate policy design, fishery management, water quality, endangered species, forest fires, oil security, solar power, road and airport, fuel taxes and fuel economy standards, alternative fuel vehicles, health and longevity, smoking, malaria, tuberculosis, and the environment and development. The objective is to disseminate the findings of sound, objective research on the costs, benefits, and appropriate reform of public policies. The book provides a useful supplement for undergraduate- and graduate-level course reading, a reference guide for professionals, and a way for the general reader to quickly develop an informed perspective on the most important policy problems of the day. Issues of the Day is available to download as a PDF from the Resources for the Future website: www.rff.org/weeklycommentary

Identification of Factors Contributing to the Decline of Traffic Fatalities in the United States from 2008 to 2012

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis Identification of Factors Contributing to the Decline of Traffic Fatalities in the United States from 2008 to 2012 by :

Download or read book Identification of Factors Contributing to the Decline of Traffic Fatalities in the United States from 2008 to 2012 written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 2005 and 2011, the number of traffic fatalities in the U.S. declined by 11,031, from 43,510 in 2005 to 32,479 in 2011. This decline amounted to a reduction in traffic-related deaths of 25.4 percent, by far the greatest decline over a comparable period in the last 30 years. Historically, significant drops in traffic fatalities over a short period of time have coincided with economic recessions. Longer recessions have coincided with deeper declines in the number of traffic fatalities. This TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 928: Identification of Factors Contributing to the Decline of Traffic Fatalities in the United States from 2008 to 2012 provides an analysis that identifies the specific factors in the economic decline that affected fatal crash risk, while taking into account the long-term factors that determine the level of traffic safety. A key insight into the analysis of the factors that produced the sharp drop in traffic fatalities was that the young contributed disproportionately to the drop-off in traffic fatalities. Of the reduction in traffic fatalities from 2007 to 2011, people 25-years-old and younger accounted for nearly 48 percent of the drop, though they were only about 28 percent of total traffic fatalities prior to the decline. Traffic deaths among people 25-years-old and younger dropped substantially more than other groups. Young drivers are known to be a high-risk group and can be readily identified in the crash data. Other high-risk groups also likely contributed to the decline but they cannot be identified as well as age can.

Key Issues in Trade Facilitation

Author : Jayanta Roy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Key Issues in Trade Facilitation by : Jayanta Roy

Download or read book Key Issues in Trade Facilitation written by Jayanta Roy and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade facilitation reforms require a large volume of technical assistance for national capacity building. To facilitate what these reforms entail and what can be learned from cross-country experiences, the EU and the World Bank organized two workshops in Dhaka (South Asian countries) and Shanghai (East Asian countries) in 2004. Jointly they succeeded in bringing together renowned experts from multilateral organizations, selected bilateral donor community, the private sector, ex civil servants, and scholars. The participants were largely drawn from the relevant government departments and chambers of commerce and industry. This paper summarizes the main presentations in the workshops. It also indicates the areas that need more focus in future events. The paper should serve as a reference document for national policymakers and for future seminars and workshops on trade facilitation. It has also linked the presentations to the ongoing research work on trade facilitation."

World Report on Child Injury Prevention

Author : M. M. Peden
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241563575
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis World Report on Child Injury Prevention by : M. M. Peden

Download or read book World Report on Child Injury Prevention written by M. M. Peden and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child injuries are largely absent from child survival initiatives presently on the global agenda. Through this report, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund and many partners have set out to elevate child injury to a priority for the global public health and development communities. It should be seen as a complement to the UN Secretary-General's study on violence against children released in late 2006 (that report addressed violence-related or intentional injuries). Both reports suggest that child injury and violence prevention programs need to be integrated into child survival and other broad strategies focused on improving the lives of children. Evidence demonstrates the dramatic successes in child injury prevention in countries which have made a concerted effort. These results make a case for increasing investments in human resources and institutional capacities. Implementing proven interventions could save more than a thousand children's lives a day.--p. vii.

Achieving Traffic Safety Goals in the United States

Author : National Academies (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Traffic Safety Lessons from Benchmark Nations
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309160650
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Achieving Traffic Safety Goals in the United States by : National Academies (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Traffic Safety Lessons from Benchmark Nations

Download or read book Achieving Traffic Safety Goals in the United States written by National Academies (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Traffic Safety Lessons from Benchmark Nations and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2011 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tool kit will vary among jurisdictions depending on basic legal constraints, community attitudes, road system and traffic characteristics, and resources. The Transportation Research Board (TRB) undertook a study to identify the sources of safety improvements in other countries. Researchers do not have a complete understanding of the underlying causes of long-term trends in crashes and fatalities. Differences among countries are in part attributable to factors other than government safety policies. To identify keys to success, the TRB study committee examined specific safety programs for which quantitative evaluations are available and relied on the observations of safety professionals with international experience. The committee's conclusions identify differences between U.S. and international practices that can account for some differences in outcomes. The committee recommendations, which are addressed to elected officials and to government safety administrators, identify actions needed in the United States to emulate the successes that other countries have achieved. The recommendations do not comprehensively address all aspects of traffic safety programs but rather address areas of practice that are highlighted by the international comparisons and for which credible evidence of effectiveness is available."--Pub. desc.

Resistance to Multilateral Influence on Reform

Author : Witold J. Henisz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Resistance to Multilateral Influence on Reform by : Witold J. Henisz

Download or read book Resistance to Multilateral Influence on Reform written by Witold J. Henisz and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coercive isomorphism is a prominent source of institutional change. r The literature to date has emphasized how actors that are powerful and legitimate (for example, a national government) may coerce the adoption of reforms by dependent actors (for example, state governments and other organizations whose activities are governed by the federal government). The authors observe that an actor's power alone may be sufficient to promote reform, regardless of the actor's legitimacy. But such reforms are more susceptible to subsequent change than those that emerge from processes not subject to the influence of external actors whose sway derives from their power alone. They develop and test their arguments in the context of the worldwide electricity provision industry by analyzing countries' adoption of reforms in response to conditional lending practices by multilateral organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The authors find that reforms adopted in response to coercive pressures exerted by these organizations encounter much greater resistance, and that the incidence of financial and economic crises, the absence of checks and balances in established political institutions, and the inexperience of investor coalitions dramatically increase the predicted level of resistance.

Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects in the Republic of Korea

Author : Paul Noumba Um
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects in the Republic of Korea by : Paul Noumba Um

Download or read book Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects in the Republic of Korea written by Paul Noumba Um and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of the 1997 East Asian financial crisis, the government of the Republic of Korea published a Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) Act to remove the main impediments to private investment in infrastructure sectors. The implementation of the Act was followed by a steady increase in the number of PPI projects, thus spurring the modernization of the main infrastructure facilities in transport, water, electricity, and telecommunications. Despite this progress, the Korean PPI market still faces critical challenges that are probably related to its nascent stage of development. The market is dominated by five construction and engineering firms, but lacks world-class project developers. At the same time, the procurement of PPI projects takes on average four years, and competition in tenders is limited. The number of unsolicited proposals is abnormally high, whereas the number of solicited proposals remains flat. The participation of foreign firms is very limited despite the size of the market and the number of projects awarded. Although local financing is available, the maturity of financing instruments does not exceed five years for most corporate papers, and 10 years for government bonds. This paper reviews the procurement of PPI projects in Korea and benchmarks it to international best practices before proposing options for its improvement.

Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9241565063
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (415 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Global status report on road safety 2015, reflecting information from 180 countries, indicates that worldwide the total number of road traffic deaths has plateaued at 1.25 million per year, with the highest road traffic fatality rates in low-income countries. In the last three years, 17 countries have aligned at least one of their laws with best practice on seat-belts, drink-driving, speed, motorcycle helmets or child restraints. While there has been progress towards improving road safety legislation and in making vehicles safer, the report shows that the pace of change is too slow. Urgent action is needed to achieve the ambitious target for road safety reflected in the newly adopted 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: halving the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020. Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies, this report is the third in the series, and provides a snapshot of the road safety situation globally, highlighting the gaps and the measures needed to best drive progress."--Publisher's description.

Confessions of a Recovering Engineer

Author : Charles L. Marohn, Jr.
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119699258
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Confessions of a Recovering Engineer by : Charles L. Marohn, Jr.

Download or read book Confessions of a Recovering Engineer written by Charles L. Marohn, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover insider secrets of how America’s transportation system is designed, funded, and built – and how to make it work for your community In Confessions of a Recovering Engineer: Transportation for a Strong Town, renowned speaker and author of Strong Towns Charles L. Marohn Jr. delivers an accessible and engaging exploration of America’s transportation system, laying bare the reasons why it no longer works as it once did, and how to modernize transportation to better serve local communities. You’ll discover real-world examples of poor design choices and how those choices have dramatic and tragic effects on the lives of the people who use them. You’ll also find case studies and examples of design improvements that have revitalized communities and improved safety. This important book shows you: The values of the transportation professions, how they are applied in the design process, and how those priorities differ from those of the public. How the standard approach to transportation ensures the maximum amount of traffic congestion possible is created each day, and how to fight that congestion on a budget. Bottom-up techniques for spending less and getting higher returns on transportation projects, all while improving quality of life for residents. Perfect for anyone interested in why transportation systems work – and fail to work – the way they do, Confessions of a Recovering Engineer is a fascinating insider’s peek behind the scenes of America’s transportation systems.

Competitiveness Partnerships

Author : Benjamin Herzberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Competitiveness Partnerships by : Benjamin Herzberg

Download or read book Competitiveness Partnerships written by Benjamin Herzberg and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors examine competitiveness partnerships, which consist of structured dialogue between the public and private sector to improve the investment climate. The paper is designed to be used as a resource by donors, governments, or businesspeople who are interested in establishing, maintaining, or improving a competitiveness partnership in their country or region. The political and economic context of a country determines the kind of partnership that is feasible and likely to succeed, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. But it is possible to distill some ideas and techniques from best practice as many public-private dialogue mechanisms face similar challenges. Drawing on the experiences of 40 countries, the authors make a positive case for building and maintaining competitiveness partnerships, and offer a selection of valuable insights into how practitioners can design them so as to avoid common pitfalls. They demonstrate that reforms that are designed through public-private dialogue are better conceived and more effectively implemented because they arise from increased mutual understanding between government and the business community ... " -- Cover verso.