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Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined In Industrialized Countries
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Book Synopsis Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? by : Elizabeth Kopits
Download or read book Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? written by Elizabeth Kopits and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to pedestrian fatalities, occupant fatalities do not show a significant decline with income. What does explain declines in occupant fatalities per VKT are reductions in alcohol abuse and improved medical services, and a reduction in young drivers. The importance of demographic factors suggests that in countries where young persons (between 15 and 24 years of age) comprise an increasing share of the driving population, adopting policies to improve young driver education and reduce speeds will be crucial."
Book Synopsis Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants by : Elizabeth Kopits
Download or read book Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialized Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants written by Elizabeth Kopits and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines whether the relationship between traffic fatalities and per capita income is the same for different classes of road users and investigates the factors underlying the decline in fatalities per vehicle kilometer traveled (VKT) observed in high-income countries over recent decades. Formal models of traffic fatalities are developed for vehicle occupants and pedestrians. Reduced-form approximations to these models are estimated using panel data for 32 high-income countries over 1964-2002. The results suggest that the downward-sloping portion of the curve relating traffic fatalities per capita to per capita income is due primarily to improved pedestrian safety. The more detailed models shed light on some factors influencing pedestrian fatalities per VKT, but much of the reduction in pedestrian fatalities remains unexplained. Increased motorization and a reduction in the proportion of young drivers in the population, however, clearly played a role. In contrast to pedestrian fatalities, occupant fatalities do not show a significant decline with income. What does explain declines in occupant fatalities per VKT are reductions in alcohol abuse and improved medical services, and a reduction in young drivers. The importance of demographic factors suggests that in countries where young persons (between 15 and 24 years of age) comprise an increasing share of the driving population, adopting policies to improve young driver education and reduce speeds will be crucial.
Book Synopsis Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialised Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants by : Elizabeth Kopits
Download or read book Why Have Traffic Fatalities Declined in Industrialised Countries? Implications for Pedestrians and Vehicle Occupants written by Elizabeth Kopits and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention by : Marjorie Peden
Download or read book World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention written by Marjorie Peden and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in the hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. This report presents a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors -- including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society -- have worked to produce the report. Charts and tables.
Book Synopsis Inequity on the Roads by : Jose Ignacio Nazif Munoz
Download or read book Inequity on the Roads written by Jose Ignacio Nazif Munoz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 2010, 1.24 million deaths worldwide were due to road traffic crashes. Traffic mortality dis-proportionately affects developing countries. Indeed, although developing countries account for only 48% of motorized vehicles worldwide, 91% of global road deaths occur in these countries. While we know that economic development is an important factor, we do not know to what ex-tent the interplay between global, regional and national forces can explain different traffic fatality and injury outcomes across the world. This dissertation begins by building and using a unique cross-national time series data set to assess the global diffusion of three road safety measures across 170 countries: 1) national road safety agencies; 2) child restraint laws; and 3) mandatory use of daytime running lights. With respect to these three measures, the results show that road safety agencies diffused regionally (as opposed to nationally and globally), child restraints laws are disseminated globally, and daytime running lights were diffused primarily in Europe. Then, using cross-national time series data from 126 countries, the dissertation examines the effects of the diffusion of road safety agencies and national health systems on traffic fatalities, injuries, and accident severity. Findings suggest that the global diffusion of road safety agencies is associated with a long-term decrease in traffic injuries in developed countries. A second finding is that national health expenditures decrease traffic fatalities in the long-term, for both developing and developed countries. This study then questions the idea that conditions behind the reduction in fatalities and injuries are entirely the same. Lastly, in order to complement these global analyses, the case of Chile is analyzed in depth. After Chile approved its traffic law reform in 2005, which closely followed the recommendations of the World Health Organization, traffic police enforcement increased, which in turn reduced both traffic fatalities and injuries. This dissertation there-fore highlights how the interaction between global, regional, and national forces is associated with variation in traffic fatality and injury, and suggests how implementation of specific policies, regardless of countries' economic development, can improve road safety. Promoting policies that can be effective in countries at any level of economic development can reduce the global inequity in traffic deaths." --
Book Synopsis Global Status Report on Road Safety by :
Download or read book Global Status Report on Road Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 1.3 million people die each year on the world's roads, and between 20 and 50 million sustain non-fatal injuries. The Global status report on road safety is the first broad assessment of the road safety situation in 178 countries, using data drawn from a standardized survey. The results show that road traffic injuries remain an important public health problem, particularly for low-income and middle-income countries. Pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists make up almost half of those killed on the roads, highlighting the need for these road users to be given more attention in road safety programmes. The results suggest that in many countries road safety laws need to be made more comprehensive while enforcement should be strengthened. The Global status report on road safety results clearly show that significantly more action is needed to make the world's roads safer. [Ed.]
Book Synopsis Identification of Factors Contributing to the Decline of Traffic Fatalities in the United States from 2008 to 2012 by :
Download or read book Identification of Factors Contributing to the Decline of Traffic Fatalities in the United States from 2008 to 2012 written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 2005 and 2011, the number of traffic fatalities in the U.S. declined by 11,031, from 43,510 in 2005 to 32,479 in 2011. This decline amounted to a reduction in traffic-related deaths of 25.4 percent, by far the greatest decline over a comparable period in the last 30 years. Historically, significant drops in traffic fatalities over a short period of time have coincided with economic recessions. Longer recessions have coincided with deeper declines in the number of traffic fatalities. This TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 928: Identification of Factors Contributing to the Decline of Traffic Fatalities in the United States from 2008 to 2012 provides an analysis that identifies the specific factors in the economic decline that affected fatal crash risk, while taking into account the long-term factors that determine the level of traffic safety. A key insight into the analysis of the factors that produced the sharp drop in traffic fatalities was that the young contributed disproportionately to the drop-off in traffic fatalities. Of the reduction in traffic fatalities from 2007 to 2011, people 25-years-old and younger accounted for nearly 48 percent of the drop, though they were only about 28 percent of total traffic fatalities prior to the decline. Traffic deaths among people 25-years-old and younger dropped substantially more than other groups. Young drivers are known to be a high-risk group and can be readily identified in the crash data. Other high-risk groups also likely contributed to the decline but they cannot be identified as well as age can.
Download or read book The Injury Chart Book written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2002 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication seeks to provide a global overview of the nature and extent of injury mortality and morbidity in the form of user-friendly tables and charts. It is hoped that the graphical representation of the main patterns of the burden of disease due to injury will raise awareness of the importance of injuries as a public health issue and facilitate the implementation of effective prevention programs.
Book Synopsis A Comprehensive Comparative Assessment of Road Safety in Developed Countries by :
Download or read book A Comprehensive Comparative Assessment of Road Safety in Developed Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The World Bank Research Program, 2005-2007 by :
Download or read book The World Bank Research Program, 2005-2007 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pocket-sized reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries includes key indicators on agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The volume helps establish a sound base of information to help set priorities and measure progress toward environmental sustainability goals.
Book Synopsis Traffic Fatalities and Economic Growth by : Elizabeth Kopits
Download or read book Traffic Fatalities and Economic Growth written by Elizabeth Kopits and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kopits and Cropper examine the impact of income growth on the death rate due to traffic fatalities, as well as on fatalities per motor vehicle and on the motorization rate (vehicles/population) using panel data from 1963-99 for 88 countries. Specifically, they estimate fixed effects models for fatalities/population, vehicles/population, and fatalities/vehicles and use these models to project traffic fatalities and the stock of motor vehicles to 2020.The relationship between motor vehicle fatality rate and per capita income at first increases with per capita income, reaches a peak, and then declines. This is because at low income levels the rate of increase in motor vehicles outpaces the decline in fatalities per motor vehicle. At higher income levels, the reverse occurs. The income level at which per capita traffic fatalities peaks is approximately $8,600 in 1985 international dollars. This is within the range of income at which other externalities, such as air and water pollution, have been found to peak. Projections of future traffic fatalities suggest that the global road death toll will grow by approximately 66 percent between 2000 and 2020. This number, however, reflects divergent rates of change in different parts of the world - a decline in fatalities in high-income countries of approximately 28 percent versus an increase in fatalities of almost 92 percent in China and 147 percent in India. The authors also predict that the fatality rate will rise to approximately 2 per 10,000 persons in developing countries by 2020, while it will fall to less than 1 per 10,000 in high-income countries.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the externalities associated with motorization.
Book Synopsis Getting Energy Prices Right by : Ian W.H. Parry
Download or read book Getting Energy Prices Right written by Ian W.H. Parry and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-07-22 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy taxes can produce substantial environmental and revenue benefits and are an important component of countries’ fiscal systems. Although the principle that these taxes should reflect global warming, air pollution, road congestion, and other adverse environmental impacts of energy use is well established, there has been little previous work providing guidance on how countries can put this principle into practice. This book develops a practical methodology, and associated tools, to show how the major environmental damages from energy can be quantified for different countries and used to design the efficient set of energy taxes.
Book Synopsis Urban Environment, Travel Behavior, Health, and Resident Satisfaction by : Anzhelika Antipova
Download or read book Urban Environment, Travel Behavior, Health, and Resident Satisfaction written by Anzhelika Antipova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the intersections of urban development, travel patterns, and health. Currently, there is a lack of research concerning the subjective dimensions of accessibility in urban environments and travel behavior, as well as travel-related outcomes. Antipova fills this gap in the scholarship by developing an analysis of satisfaction and perception-related indicators at an intraurban level. Specifically, she investigates various aspects of urban environment from the perspective of resident perception and satisfaction, as well as the relationship between urban environment, travel behavior, activity patterns, and traveler health.
Book Synopsis Forensic DNA Typing by : John M. Butler
Download or read book Forensic DNA Typing written by John M. Butler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-02-08 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic DNA Typing, Second Edition, is the only book available that specifically covers detailed information on mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome. It examines the science of current forensic DNA typing methods by focusing on the biology, technology, and genetic interpretation of short tandem repeat (STR) markers, which encompass the most common forensic DNA analysis methods used today. The book covers topics from introductory level right up to cutting edge research. High-profile cases are addressed throughout the text, near the sections dealing with the science or issues behind these cases. Ten new chapters have been added to accommodate the explosion of new information since the turn of the century. These additional chapters cover statistical genetic analysis of DNA data, an emerging field of interest to DNA research. Several chapters on statistical analysis of short tandem repeat (STR) typing data have been contributed by Dr. George Carmody, a well-respected professor in forensic genetics. Specific examples make the concepts of population genetics more understandable. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in forensic DNA analysis, forensic scientists, population geneticists, military and private and public forensic laboratories (for identifying individuals through remains), and students of forensic science. *The only book available that specifically covers detailed information on mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome*Chapters cover the topic from introductory level right up to "cutting edge" research*High-profile cases are addressed throughout the book, near the sections dealing with the science or issues behind these cases*NEW TO THIS EDITION: D.N.A. Boxes--boxed "Data, Notes & Applications" sections throughout the book offer higher levels of detail on specific questions
Book Synopsis Exploring the Domain of Accident Law by : Donald N. Dewees
Download or read book Exploring the Domain of Accident Law written by Donald N. Dewees and published by New York : Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work reviews empirical evidence relating to five major categories of accidents; automobile accidents; medical malpractice; product related accidents; environmental injuries; and workplace injuries. The authors also offer recommendations for revisions in the tort system.
Book Synopsis The Injury Fact Book by : Susan P. Baker
Download or read book The Injury Fact Book written by Susan P. Baker and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causes of injuries are explored. Injuries are also analyzed on the basis of intent. Injuries are illustrated by age, race, sex, geographic area, urban/rural residence, and per capita income.
Book Synopsis A Deadly Wandering by : Matt Richtel
Download or read book A Deadly Wandering written by Matt Richtel and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2014-09-23 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Deserves a spot next to Fast Food Nation and To Kill a Mockingbird in America’s high school curriculums. To say it may save lives is self-evident.” —New York Times Book Review (Editor's Choice) NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR: San Francisco Chronicle, Chrisitian Science Monitor, Kirkus, Winnipeg Free Press One of the decade's most original and masterfully reported books, A Deadly Wandering by Pulitzer Prize–winning New York Times journalist Matt Richtel interweaves the cutting-edge science of attention with the tensely plotted story of a mysterious car accident and its aftermath to answer some of the defining questions of our time: What is technology doing to us? Can our minds keep up with the pace of change? How can we find balance? On the last day of summer, an ordinary Utah college student named Reggie Shaw fatally struck two rocket scientists while texting and driving along a majestic stretch of highway bordering the Rocky Mountains. A Deadly Wandering follows Reggie from the moment of the tragedy, through the police investigation, the state's groundbreaking prosecution, and ultimately, Reggie's wrenching admission of responsibility. Richtel parallels Reggie's journey with leading-edge scientific findings on the impact technology has on our brains, showing how these devices play to our deepest social instincts. A propulsive read filled with surprising scientific detail, riveting narrative tension, and rare emotional depth, A Deadly Wandering is a book that can change—and save—lives.
