Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz?

Download Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780472083121
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (831 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz? by : Harold Meyerson

Download or read book Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz? written by Harold Meyerson and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The life story of the man who gave Dorothy and her Oz companions something to sing about

Arlen and Harburg's Over the Rainbow

Download Arlen and Harburg's Over the Rainbow PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190467363
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Arlen and Harburg's Over the Rainbow by : Walter Frisch

Download or read book Arlen and Harburg's Over the Rainbow written by Walter Frisch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Over the Rainbow" exploded into worldwide fame upon its performance by Judy Garland in the MGM film musical The Wizard of Oz (1939). Voted the greatest song of the twentieth century in a 2000 survey, it is a masterful, delicate balance of sophistication and child-like simplicity in which composer Harold Arlen and lyricist E. Y. "Yip" Harburg poignantly captured the hope and anxiety harbored by Dorothy's character. In Arlen and Harburg's Over the Rainbow, author Walter Frisch traces the history of this song from its inception during the development of The Wizard of Oz's screenplay, to its various reinterpretations over the course of the twentieth century. Through analysis of the song's music and lyrics, this Oxford Keynotes volume provides a close reading of the piece while examining the evolution of its meaning as it traversed widely varying cultural contexts. From its adoption as a jazz standard by generations of pianists, to its contribution to Judy Garland's role as a gay icon, to its reemergence as a chart-topping recording by Hawaiian singer Israel Kamakawiwo'ole, "Over the Rainbow" continues to engage audiences and performers alike in surprising ways. Featuring a companion website with audio and video supplements, this book leaves no path unexplored as it succeeds in capturing the extent of this song's impact on the world.

Oz and the Musical

Download Oz and the Musical PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190843160
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Oz and the Musical by : Ryan Bunch

Download or read book Oz and the Musical written by Ryan Bunch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-05 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the first stage production of The Wizard of Oz in 1902, to the classic MGM film (1939), to the musicals The Wiz (1975) and Wicked (2003), L. Frank Baum's children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) has served as the basis for some of the most popular musicals on stage and screen. In this book, musical theater scholar Ryan Bunch draws on his personal experience as an Oz fan to explore how a story that has been hailed as "the American fairy tale" serves as a guide for thinking about the art form of the American musical and how both reveal American identity to be a utopian performance. Show by show, Bunch highlights the forms and conventions of each musical work as practiced in its time and context-such as the turn-of-the-century extravaganza, the classical Hollywood film musical, the Black Broadway musical of the 1970s, and the twenty-first-century mega-musical. He then shows how the journey of each show teaches participants and audiences something about how to act American within contested frameworks of race, gender, sexuality, age, and embodiment. Bunch also explores home theatricals, make-believe play, school musicals, Oz-themed environments, and community events as sites where the performance of the American fairy tale brings home and utopia into contact through the conventions of the musical. Using close readings of the various Oz shows, personal reflections, and interviews with fans, audiences, and performers, Bunch demonstrates how adapted Oz musicals imply both inclusions and exclusions in the performance of an American utopia.

Wizard of Oz

Download Wizard of Oz PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Fox Chapel Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1620081814
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Wizard of Oz by : Ben Nussbaum

Download or read book Wizard of Oz written by Ben Nussbaum and published by Fox Chapel Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-21 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A celebration of the 75th anniversary of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie musical, this new book The Wizard of Oz offers a rare glimpse into the creation of the classic film, its creator L. Frank Baum, the Academy Award-winning score, the leading lady, and the Oz phenomenon that continues to captivate the world.Although Oz creator L. Frank Baum died twenty years prior to the release of MGM's celebrated film, his fascinating career and story, as told in this new book, will surprise even the most devoted Oz fans. Prior to MGM's 1939 release of the movie, Baum's book was featured as a Broadway musical, with songs by the justifiably forgotten Fred R. Hamlin, and two bizarre silent movies. The enduring appeal and lasting influence of The Wizard of Oz are discussed in a special chapter by creator's great-grandson Roger Baum.The Wizard of Oz will lead the reader down the proverbial yellow brick road to discover:The seven flawless decisions MGM made to adapt Baum's sprawling children's book into a movie musical.The groundbreaking moviemaking techniques, MGM's second full-length Technicolor film.The surprising story behind Harold Arlen and E.Y. Harburg's superlative score, which includes "Over the Rainbow," considered the greatest movie song of all time.How Judy Garland won "Dorothy," her most enduring role, after 20th Century Fox refused to loan Shirley Temple to MGM.The birth of film's greatest canine star, Cairn Terrier, Terry, as Dorothy's little dog "Toto".The many everyday Oz expressions that come from the most oft-quoted movie of all timeHow the Wicked Witch of the West (renamed her Elphaba after Oz creator's initials) was remade "for good" in Broadway's Oz prequel Wicked.This celebration of the iconic film is a must-have for all Wizard of Oz lovers.

The Man That Got Away

Download The Man That Got Away PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252097572
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Man That Got Away by : Walter Rimler

Download or read book The Man That Got Away written by Walter Rimler and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the Rainbow, "Stormy Weather," and "One for My Baby" are just a few of Harold Arlen's well-loved compositions. Yet his name is hardly known--except to the musicians who venerate him. At a gathering of songwriters George Gershwin called him "the best of us." Irving Berlin agreed. Paul McCartney sent him a fan letter and became his publisher. Bob Dylan wrote of his fascination with Arlen's "bittersweet, lonely world." A cantor's son, Arlen believed his music was from a place outside himself, a place that also sent tragedy. When his wife became mentally ill and was institutionalized he turned to alcohol. It nearly killed him. But the beautiful songs kept coming: "Blues in the Night," "My Shining Hour," "Come Rain or Come Shine," and "The Man That Got Away." Walter Rimler drew on interviews with friends and associates of Arlen and on newly available archives to write this intimate portrait of a genius whose work is a pillar of the Great American Songbook.

Victor Fleming

Download Victor Fleming PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813144434
Total Pages : 694 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Victor Fleming by : Michael Sragow

Download or read book Victor Fleming written by Michael Sragow and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2013-12-10 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Best remembered for the iconic classics Gone with the Wind (1939) and The Wizard of Oz (1939) to the silver screen, Victor Fleming also counted successful films such as Red Dust (1932), Captains Courageous (1937), Test Pilot (1939), Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941), and the groundbreaking Joan of Arc (1948) among his more than forty directing credits. One of the most sought-after directors in Hollywood's golden age, Fleming (1889--1949) was renowned for his ability to make films across a wide range of genres. In Victor Fleming: An American Movie Master, author Michael Sragow paints a comprehensive portrait of the talented and charismatic man who helped create enduring screen personas for stars such as Clark Gable, Spencer Tracy, and Gary Cooper.

Focus On: 100 Most Popular United States National Film Registry Films

Download Focus On: 100 Most Popular United States National Film Registry Films PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : e-artnow sro
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2436 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Focus On: 100 Most Popular United States National Film Registry Films by : Wikipedia contributors

Download or read book Focus On: 100 Most Popular United States National Film Registry Films written by Wikipedia contributors and published by e-artnow sro. This book was released on with total page 2436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Johnny Mercer

Download Johnny Mercer PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820333301
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Johnny Mercer by : Glenn T. Eskew

Download or read book Johnny Mercer written by Glenn T. Eskew and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2013-11-15 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Herndon “Johnny” Mercer (1909–76) remained in the forefront of American popular music from the 1930s through the 1960s, writing over a thousand songs, collaborating with all the great popular composers and jazz musicians of his day, working in Hollywood and on Broadway, and as cofounder of Capitol Records, helping to promote the careers of Nat “King” Cole, Margaret Whiting, Peggy Lee, and many other singers. Mercer’s songs—sung by Bing Crosby, Billie Holiday, Judy Garland, Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Lena Horne, and scores of other performers—are canonical parts of the great American songbook. Four of his songs received Academy Awards: “Moon River,” “Days of Wine and Roses,” “On the Atchison, Topeka, and the Santa Fe,” and “In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening.” Mercer standards such as “Hooray for Hollywood” and “You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby” remain in the popular imagination. Exhaustively researched, Glenn T. Eskew’s biography improves upon earlier popular treatments of the Savannah, Georgia–born songwriter to produce a sophisticated, insightful, evenhanded examination of one of America’s most popular and successful chart-toppers. Johnny Mercer: Southern Songwriter for the World provides a compelling chronological narrative that places Mercer within a larger framework of diaspora entertainers who spread a southern multiracial culture across the nation and around the world. Eskew contends that Mercer and much of his music remained rooted in his native South, being deeply influenced by the folk music of coastal Georgia and the blues and jazz recordings made by black and white musicians. At Capitol Records, Mercer helped redirect American popular music by commodifying these formerly distinctive regional sounds into popular music. When rock ’n’ roll diminished opportunities at home, Mercer looked abroad, collaborating with international composers to create transnational songs. At heart, Eskew says, Mercer was a jazz musician rather than a Tin Pan Alley lyricist, and the interpenetration of jazz and popular song that he created expressed elements of his southern heritage that made his work distinctive and consistently kept his music before an approving audience.

Credit Culture

Download Credit Culture PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108875645
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Credit Culture by : Nicky Marsh

Download or read book Credit Culture written by Nicky Marsh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a new reading of the relationship between money, culture and literature in America in the 1970s. The gold standard ended at the start of this decade, a moment which is routinely treated as a catalyst for the era of postmodern abstraction. This book provides an alternative narrative, one that traces the racialized and gendered histories of credit offered by the intertextual narratives of writers such as E.L Doctorow, Toni Morrison, Marilyn French, William Gaddis, Thomas Pynchon and Don De Lillo. It argues that money in the 1970s is better read through a narrative of political consolidation than formal rupture as these histories foreground the closing down, rather than opening up, of serious debates about what American money should be and who it should serve. These novels and this moment remain important because they alert us to imagine the alternative histories of credit that were imaginatively proposed but never realized.

The World of Musicals [2 volumes]

Download The World of Musicals [2 volumes] PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1440800979
Total Pages : 950 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (48 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The World of Musicals [2 volumes] by : Mark A. Robinson

Download or read book The World of Musicals [2 volumes] written by Mark A. Robinson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This wide-ranging, two-volume encyclopedia of musicals old and new will captivate young fans—and prove invaluable to those contemplating staging a musical production. Written with high school students in mind, The World of Musicals: An Encyclopedia of Stage, Screen, and Song encompasses not only Broadway and film musicals, but also made-for-television musicals, a genre that has been largely ignored. The two volumes cover significant musicals in easily accessible entries that offer both useful information and fun facts. Each entry lists the work's writers, composers, directors, choreographers, and cast, and includes a song list, a synopsis, and descriptions of the original production and important revivals or remakes. Biographical entries share the stories of some of the brightest and most celebrated talents in the business. The encyclopedia will undoubtedly ignite and feed student interest in musical theatre. At the same time, it will prove a wonderful resource for teachers or community theatre directors charged with selecting and producing shows. In fact, anyone interested in theatre, film, television, or music will be fascinated by the work's tantalizing bits of historical and theatre trivia.

Rainbows

Download Rainbows PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Reaktion Books
ISBN 13 : 1780239602
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (82 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rainbows by : Daniel MacCannell

Download or read book Rainbows written by Daniel MacCannell and published by Reaktion Books. This book was released on 2018-04-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rainbow is a compelling spectacle in nature—a rare, evanescent, and beautiful bridge between subjective experience and objective reality—and no less remarkable as a cultural phenomenon. A symbol of the Left since the German Peasants’ War of the 1520s, it has been adopted by movements for gay rights, the environment, multiculturalism, and peace around the globe, and has inspired poets, artists, and writers including John Keats, Caspar David Friedrich, Edgar Allan Poe, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. In this book, the first of its kind, Daniel MacCannell offers an enlightening and instructive guide to the rainbow’s multicolored relationship with humanity. The scientific “discovery” of the rainbow is a remarkable tale, taking in ancient Greece and Rome, medieval Persia, and Islamic Spain. But even as we’ve studied rainbows, adopted their image, and penned odes to them for millennia, rainbows have also been regarded as ominous or even dangerous in myth and religion. In the twentieth century, the rainbow emerged as kitsch, arcing from the musical film version of The Wizard of Oz to 1980s sitcoms and children’s cartoons. Illustrated throughout in prismatic color, MacCannell’s Rainbows explores the full spectrum of rainbows’ nature and meaning, offering insight into what rainbows are and how they work, how we arrived at our current scientific understanding of the phenomenon, and how we have portrayed them in everything from myth to the arts, politics, and popular culture.

Ira Gershwin

Download Ira Gershwin PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190283386
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ira Gershwin by : Philip Furia

Download or read book Ira Gershwin written by Philip Furia and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1997-07-24 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To the perennial question "which comes first, the music or the words?" Ira Gershwin always responded, "the contract." The jest reveals both Ira's consummate professionalism and the self-effacing wit with which he ducked the spotlight whenever possible. Yet the ingeniously inventive melodies George Gershwin composed for such classic songs as "Someone to Watch Over Me," "Embraceable You," "Fascinating Rhythm," "It Ain't Necessarily So," and "Love is Here to Stay" live on in no small part because of the equally unforgettable lyrics of Ira Gershwin, lines crafted with a precision that earned him the sobriquet "The Jeweller" among his Broadway peers. In Ira Gershwin: The Art of the Lyricist, the older and less flamboyant of the Gershwin brothers at last steps out of the shadows to claim his due as one of American songwriting's most important and enduring innovators. Philip Furia traces the development of Ira Gershwin's lyrical art from his early love of light verse and Gilbert and Sullivan, through his apprentice work in Tin Pan Alley, to his emergence as a prominent writer for the Broadway musical theater in the 1920s. Furia illuminates his work in satirical operettas such as Of Thee I Sing and Strike Up the Band, the smart "little" revues of the 1930s, and his contributions to the opera Porgy and Bess. After describing the Gershwin brothers' brief but brilliant work in Hollywood before George's sudden death--work that produced such classics as "They Can't Take That Away From Me" and "Let's Call the Whole Thing Off"--Furia follows Ira's career through such triumphs as Lady in the Dark with Kurt Weill, Cover Girl with Jerome Kern, and A Star is Born, with Harold Arlen. Along the way, Furia provides much insight into the art of the lyricist and he captures the magic of a golden era when not only the Gershwins, but Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, Jerome Kern, Oscar Hammerstein II, Gertrude Lawrence, Fred Astaire, and other luminaries made the lights of Broadway and the Hollywood screen shine brighter than ever before. From his first major success, the now-classic "The Man I Love" (1924) to his last great hit, "The Man That Got Away" (1954), Ira Gershwin wrote the words to some of America's most loved standards. In Ira Gershwin: The Art of the Lyricist, Philip Furia illuminates the craft behind this remarkable achievement to reveal how Gershwin took the everyday speech of ordinary Americans and made it sing.

The Silenced Majority

Download The Silenced Majority PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Haymarket Books
ISBN 13 : 1608462323
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Silenced Majority by : Amy Goodman

Download or read book The Silenced Majority written by Amy Goodman and published by Haymarket Books. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times–bestselling collection of essays on the power of ordinary people to effect lasting change—from the host and cofounder of Democracy Now! Amy Goodman and Denis Moynihan began writing a weekly column, “Breaking the Sound Barrier,” for King Features Syndicate in 2006. This timely new sequel to Goodman’s New York Times bestseller of the same name gives voice to the many ordinary people standing up to corporate and government power—and refusing to be silent. The Silenced Majority pulls back the veil of corporate media reporting to dig deep into the politics of “climate apartheid,” the implications of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the movement to halt the execution of Troy Anthony Davis, and the globalization of dissent “from Tahrir Square to Liberty Plaza.” Throughout, Goodman and Moynihan show the work of ordinary people to change their media—and change the world. Praise for Amy Goodman “Amy Goodman has taken investigative journalism to new heights.” —Noam Chomsky, leading public intellectual and author of Hopes and Prospects “Amy Goodman is not afraid to speak truth to power. She does it every day.” —Susan Sarandon, activist and actress “Crusading journalism at its best.” —Arianna Huffington, founder of The Huffington Post “A towering progressive freedom fighter in the media and the world.” —Cornel West, author of Race Matters “What journalism should be: beholden to the interests of people, not power and profit.” —Arundhati Roy, author of The End of Imagination

Musicals in Film

Download Musicals in Film PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Musicals in Film by : Thomas S. Hischak

Download or read book Musicals in Film written by Thomas S. Hischak and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This wide-ranging guide introduces (or reintroduces) readers to movie musicals past and present, enabling them to experience the development of this uniquely American art form—and discover films they'll love. This comprehensive guide covers movie musicals from their introduction with the 1927 film The Jazz Singer through 2015 releases. In all, it describes 125 movies, opening up the world of this popular form of entertainment to preteens, teens, and adults alike. An introduction explains the advent of movie musicals; then, in keeping with the book's historical approach, films are presented by decade and year with overviews of advances during particular periods. In this way, the reader not only learns about individual films but can see the big picture of how movie musicals developed and changed over time. For each film covered, the guide offers basic facts—studio, director, songwriters, actors, etc.—as well as a brief plot synopsis. Each entry also offers an explanation of why the movie is noteworthy, how popular it was or wasn't, and the influence the film might have had on later musicals. Sidebars offering brief biographies of important artists appear throughout the book.

Seven Against Thebes

Download Seven Against Thebes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195070070
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (95 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Seven Against Thebes by : Aeschylus

Download or read book Seven Against Thebes written by Aeschylus and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1991 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third play in an Oedipus-themed trilogy produced by Aeschylus in 467 BC. The trilogy is sometimes referred to as the Oedipodea. It concerns the battle between an Argive army led by Polynices and the army of Thebes led by Eteocles and his supporters.

Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings

Download Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
ISBN 13 : 0810882965
Total Pages : 1030 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings by : Steve Sullivan

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings written by Steve Sullivan and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 1030 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings, Volumes 1 and 2 covers the full range of popular music recordings with virtually unprecedented breadth and depth. In this 2-volume encyclopedia, Sullivan explores approximately 1,000 song recordings from 1889 to the present, telling the stories behind the songs, recordings, performers, and songwriters. From the Victorian parlor ballad and ragtime hit at the end of the 19th century to today’s rock classics, the Encyclopedia progresses through a parade popular music styles, from jazz to blues to country Western, as well as the important but too often neglected genres of ethnic and world music, gospel, and traditional folk. This book is the ideal research tool for lovers of popular music in all its glorious variety.

CCNY Made

Download CCNY Made PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1439679592
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (396 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis CCNY Made by : Ronnyjane Goldsmith

Download or read book CCNY Made written by Ronnyjane Goldsmith and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2023-10-02 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyone loves an underdog who succeeds against the odds. CCNY Made. Profiles in Grit is the story of City College of New York alumni who beat the odds to reach the pinnacle of their professions and in the process transformed our world. Here are just a few: Andrew Grove, hearing impaired and a survivor of Nazi occupation and Communist rule became the visionary CEO of Intel Corporation, the manufacturer of the semiconductor chip found in most personal computers today. Yip Harburg, the son of immigrants, wrote the lyrics to countless music standards, including "Somewhere Over the Rainbow," one of the most celebrated songs of all times. Jonas Salk, facing antisemitism and the rebuke of the scientific community, developed the Salk Vaccine that irradicated polio from the face of the earth. Felix Frankfurter, who came to America at 12 speaking no English, would be appointed a U.S. Supreme Court Justice, and help write the unanimous opinion in Brown v. the Board of Education declaring school segregation in the United States illegal. strongIn "CCNY Made. Profiles In Grit," the stories of CCNY alumni are recounted who exemplify the promise of Townsend Harris, founder of CCNY and The Ephebic Oath affirmed by graduating students every year. "We will strive unceasingly to quicken the public's better, of civic duty; and thus, in all these ways we will strive to transmit this city not only not less, but greater, better and more beautiful than it was transmitted to us."