When Computers Can Think

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The Myth of Artificial Intelligence

Author : Erik J. Larson
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674983513
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis The Myth of Artificial Intelligence by : Erik J. Larson

Download or read book The Myth of Artificial Intelligence written by Erik J. Larson and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Artificial intelligence has always inspired outlandish visions—that AI is going to destroy us, save us, or at the very least radically transform us. Erik Larson exposes the vast gap between the actual science underlying AI and the dramatic claims being made for it. This is a timely, important, and even essential book.” —John Horgan, author of The End of Science Many futurists insist that AI will soon achieve human levels of intelligence. From there, it will quickly eclipse the most gifted human mind. The Myth of Artificial Intelligence argues that such claims are just that: myths. We are not on the path to developing truly intelligent machines. We don’t even know where that path might be. Erik Larson charts a journey through the landscape of AI, from Alan Turing’s early work to today’s dominant models of machine learning. Since the beginning, AI researchers and enthusiasts have equated the reasoning approaches of AI with those of human intelligence. But this is a profound mistake. Even cutting-edge AI looks nothing like human intelligence. Modern AI is based on inductive reasoning: computers make statistical correlations to determine which answer is likely to be right, allowing software to, say, detect a particular face in an image. But human reasoning is entirely different. Humans do not correlate data sets; we make conjectures sensitive to context—the best guess, given our observations and what we already know about the world. We haven’t a clue how to program this kind of reasoning, known as abduction. Yet it is the heart of common sense. Larson argues that all this AI hype is bad science and bad for science. A culture of invention thrives on exploring unknowns, not overselling existing methods. Inductive AI will continue to improve at narrow tasks, but if we are to make real progress, we must abandon futuristic talk and learn to better appreciate the only true intelligence we know—our own.

How Smart Machines Think

Author : Sean Gerrish
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262038404
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis How Smart Machines Think by : Sean Gerrish

Download or read book How Smart Machines Think written by Sean Gerrish and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everything you've always wanted to know about self-driving cars, Netflix recommendations, IBM's Watson, and video game-playing computer programs. The future is here: Self-driving cars are on the streets, an algorithm gives you movie and TV recommendations, IBM's Watson triumphed on Jeopardy over puny human brains, computer programs can be trained to play Atari games. But how do all these things work? In this book, Sean Gerrish offers an engaging and accessible overview of the breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and machine learning that have made today's machines so smart. Gerrish outlines some of the key ideas that enable intelligent machines to perceive and interact with the world. He describes the software architecture that allows self-driving cars to stay on the road and to navigate crowded urban environments; the million-dollar Netflix competition for a better recommendation engine (which had an unexpected ending); and how programmers trained computers to perform certain behaviors by offering them treats, as if they were training a dog. He explains how artificial neural networks enable computers to perceive the world—and to play Atari video games better than humans. He explains Watson's famous victory on Jeopardy, and he looks at how computers play games, describing AlphaGo and Deep Blue, which beat reigning world champions at the strategy games of Go and chess. Computers have not yet mastered everything, however; Gerrish outlines the difficulties in creating intelligent agents that can successfully play video games like StarCraft that have evaded solution—at least for now. Gerrish weaves the stories behind these breakthroughs into the narrative, introducing readers to many of the researchers involved, and keeping technical details to a minimum. Science and technology buffs will find this book an essential guide to a future in which machines can outsmart people.

An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Author : Richard Bellman
Publisher : Thomson Course Technology
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence by : Richard Bellman

Download or read book An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence written by Richard Bellman and published by Thomson Course Technology. This book was released on 1978 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker

Author : Christof Teuscher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662056429
Total Pages : 553 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker by : Christof Teuscher

Download or read book Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker written by Christof Teuscher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a distinguished cast of contributors, Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker is the definitive collection of essays in commemoration of the 90th birthday of Alan Turing. This fascinating text covers the rich facets of his life, thoughts, and legacy, but also sheds some light on the future of computing science with a chapter contributed by visionary Ray Kurzweil, winner of the 1999 National Medal of Technology. Further, important contributions come from the philosopher Daniel Dennett, the Turing biographer Andrew Hodges, and from the distinguished logician Martin Davis, who provides a first critical essay on an emerging and controversial field termed "hypercomputation".

When Computers Can Think

Author : Anthony Berglas
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781502384188
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis When Computers Can Think by : Anthony Berglas

Download or read book When Computers Can Think written by Anthony Berglas and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Could computers ever really think? They can now drive cars on suburban streets, control spaceships and have even won the Jeopardy! game show. But could they ever be self aware, create original ideas, develop their own goals, and write complex computer programs?. Why can't computers already think? Why has 60 years of research failed to produce a single intelligent robot? What has been learnt, what are the technically difficult problems, and when are they likely to be solved? What would computers think about? What would be their challenges, goals and aspirations? They certainly would not need children. Would they need us? This book addresses the unseen elephant in the room. Computers are becoming ever more intelligent. The future will not be anything like it used to be. The book differs from other recent works by providing a strong focus on what caused people to ultimately be the way we are, namely upon natural selection. It then attempts to predict how natural selection would condition an intelligent machine's behaviour by considering the very different world that it would experience. Several technical and rhetorical arguments are presented both for and against the hypothesis that computers will, eventually, be able to think. There is also some discussion about what it actually means to be intelligent and the limitations of terms such as "creative" and "self aware". The second and largest part of the book then describes existing AI technologies in some detail. These include symbolic and logic based approaches, Bayesian expert systems, vision, speech, robotics, and an overview of computational neuroscience. This provides a more realistic basis for predictions of the future as well as simply gaining a better understanding of what intelligence actually is. It helps ground abstract philosophical discussions in terms of real, practical technologies. The text is moderately technical while being aimed at the general reader. The book also posits that intelligent machines will be developed as succession of ever more intelligent software tools that are released and used in the real world. The book then analyzes the medium term effects of those semi-intelligent tools upon society. This includes some surprising results from an historical review of existing technologies. There is a growing awareness of these issues, with concerns recently raised by physicist Stephen Hawking, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, and billionaire Elon Musk. 2

How to Speak Machine

Author : John Maeda
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0399564438
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis How to Speak Machine by : John Maeda

Download or read book How to Speak Machine written by John Maeda and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visionary designer and technologist John Maeda defines the fundamental laws of how computers think, and why you should care even if you aren't a programmer. "Maeda is to design what Warren Buffett is to finance." --Wired John Maeda is one of the world's preeminent interdisciplinary thinkers on technology and design. In How to Speak Machine, he offers a set of simple laws that govern not only the computers of today, but the unimaginable machines of the future. Technology is already more powerful than we can comprehend, and getting more powerful at an exponential pace. Once set in motion, algorithms never tire. And when a program's size, speed, and tirelessness combine with its ability to learn and transform itself, the outcome can be unpredictable and dangerous. Take the seemingly instant transformation of Microsoft's chatbot Tay into a hate-spewing racist, or how crime-predicting algorithms reinforce racial bias. How to Speak Machine provides a coherent framework for today's product designers, business leaders, and policymakers to grasp this brave new world. Drawing on his wide-ranging experience from engineering to computer science to design, Maeda shows how businesses and individuals can identify opportunities afforded by technology to make world-changing and inclusive products--while avoiding the pitfalls inherent to the medium.

The Tides of Mind: Uncovering the Spectrum of Consciousness

Author : David Gelernter
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 1631490842
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tides of Mind: Uncovering the Spectrum of Consciousness by : David Gelernter

Download or read book The Tides of Mind: Uncovering the Spectrum of Consciousness written by David Gelernter and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A “rock star” (New York Times) of the computing world provides a radical new work on the meaning of human consciousness. The holy grail of psychologists and scientists for nearly a century has been to understand and replicate both human thought and the human mind. In fact, it's what attracted the now-legendary computer scientist and AI authority David Gelernter to the discipline in the first place. As a student and young researcher in the 1980s, Gelernter hoped to build a program with a dial marked "focus." At maximum "focus," the program would "think" rationally, formally, reasonably. As the dial was turned down and "focus" diminished, its "mind" would start to wander, and as you dialed even lower, this artificial mind would start to free-associate, eventually ignoring the user completely as it cruised off into the mental adventures we know as sleep. While the program was a only a partial success, it laid the foundation for The Tides of Mind, a groundbreaking new exploration of the human psyche that shows us how the very purpose of the mind changes throughout the day. Indeed, as Gelernter explains, when we are at our most alert, when reasoning and creating new memories is our main mental business, the mind is a computer-like machine that keeps emotion on a short leash and attention on our surroundings. As we gradually tire, however, and descend the "mental spectrum," reasoning comes unglued. Memory ranges more freely, the mind wanders, and daydreams grow more insistent. Self-awareness fades, reflection blinks out, and at last we are completely immersed in our own minds. With far-reaching implications, Gelernter’s landmark "Spectrum of Consciousness" finally helps decode some of the most mysterious wonders of the human mind, such as the numinous light of early childhood, why dreams are so often predictive, and why sadism and masochism underpin some of our greatest artistic achievements. It’s a theory that also challenges the very notion of the mind as a machine—and not through empirical studies or "hard science" but by listening to our great poets and novelists, who have proven themselves as humanity's most trusted guides to the subjective mind and inner self. In the great introspective tradition of Wilhelm Wundt and René Descartes, David Gelernter promises to not only revolutionize our understanding of what it means to be human but also to help answer many of our most fundamental questions about the origins of creativity, thought, and consciousness.

What to Think About Machines That Think

Author : John Brockman
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0062425668
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis What to Think About Machines That Think by : John Brockman

Download or read book What to Think About Machines That Think written by John Brockman and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weighing in from the cutting-edge frontiers of science, today’s most forward-thinking minds explore the rise of “machines that think.” Stephen Hawking recently made headlines by noting, “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.” Others, conversely, have trumpeted a new age of “superintelligence” in which smart devices will exponentially extend human capacities. No longer just a matter of science-fiction fantasy (2001, Blade Runner, The Terminator, Her, etc.), it is time to seriously consider the reality of intelligent technology, many forms of which are already being integrated into our daily lives. In that spirit, John Brockman, publisher of Edge. org (“the world’s smartest website” – The Guardian), asked the world’s most influential scientists, philosophers, and artists one of today’s most consequential questions: What do you think about machines that think?

Machines that Think

Author : Isaac Asimov
Publisher : Lane, Allen
ISBN 13 : 9780713916850
Total Pages : 627 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (168 download)

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Book Synopsis Machines that Think by : Isaac Asimov

Download or read book Machines that Think written by Isaac Asimov and published by Lane, Allen. This book was released on 1984 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons

Author : Eric Dietrich
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483217655
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons by : Eric Dietrich

Download or read book Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons written by Eric Dietrich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons: Essays on the Intentionality of Machines explains how computations are meaningful and how computers can be cognitive agents like humans. This book focuses on the concept that cognition is computation. Organized into four parts encompassing 13 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the analogy between intentionality and phlogiston, the 17th-century principle of burning. This text then examines the objection to computationalism that it cannot prevent arbitrary attributions of content to the various data structures and representations involved in a computational process. Other chapters consider that the notion of original intentionality is incoherent. This book argues as well that the only way to build an intelligent machine is to build a neural network. The final chapter claims that an entire theoretical framework in cognitive psychology is incompatible with the view that human brains are computers of some sort. This book is a valuable resource for cognitive scientists.

Popular Science

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Popular Science by :

Download or read book Popular Science written by and published by . This book was released on 2000-03 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular Science gives our readers the information and tools to improve their technology and their world. The core belief that Popular Science and our readers share: The future is going to be better, and science and technology are the driving forces that will help make it better.

Philosophical Conversations

Author : Robert M. Martin
Publisher : Broadview Press
ISBN 13 : 1551116499
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophical Conversations by : Robert M. Martin

Download or read book Philosophical Conversations written by Robert M. Martin and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2005-11-08 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophical Conversations is a light, informal, and contemporary introduction to the study of philosophy. Using a dialogue format, Robert M. Martin delves into the traditional questions of philosophy in a manner that readers will find engaging. These substantive yet entertaining conversations emphasize that philosophical questions are contested and open-ended. The characters in each dialogue advocate different answers to questions on religion, ethics, personal identity, and other topics equitably and without naming any clear winners. Philosophic positions are presented with maximum clarity and persuasiveness, so that readers can appreciate all sides of an issue and make their own choices. An excellent tool for newcomers to philosophy, Philosophical Conversations provides the necessary background for further study while vividly portraying the back-and-forth argument that is essential to the philosophical method.

40 lessons to get children thinking: Philosophical thought adventures across the curriculum

Author : Peter Worley
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472916107
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (729 download)

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Book Synopsis 40 lessons to get children thinking: Philosophical thought adventures across the curriculum by : Peter Worley

Download or read book 40 lessons to get children thinking: Philosophical thought adventures across the curriculum written by Peter Worley and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-31 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the type of book many teachers will keep on their desk and use the exercises very regularly; for me it is up there with Geoff Petty's 'Evidence-Based Teaching' and Paul Ginnis's 'The Teacher's Toolkit' as an essential resource. Worley is an excellent clear writer, who communicates very complex ideas very well.” Francis Gilbert [http://www.francisgilbert.co.uk/], teacher, teacher trainer and author of ' I'm a Teacher, Get Me Out of Here' Inspire your class to think more deeply about curriculum subjects and get them actively taking part in exciting philosophy experiments today! This new book by bestselling author and founder of The Philosophy Foundation Peter Worley is a collection of practical lesson and activity plans to use in the primary classroom to get children thinking philosophically and creatively around different curriculum areas. The sessions - called thought adventures - use thought experiments, stories and poems to get children discussing and understanding topics more deeply. Each session is explained step-by-step, with everything you need to 'do' and 'say' spelled out, and all the equipment you need listed with instructions on how to set up each session. You can implement the sessions in the classroom either as a complete lesson or as an activity within another lesson. All the sessions are tried and tested by Peter and his colleagues at The Philosophy Foundation who work with primary schools on a regular basis.

Parsing the Turing Test

Author : Robert Epstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402096240
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Parsing the Turing Test by : Robert Epstein

Download or read book Parsing the Turing Test written by Robert Epstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exhaustive work that represents a landmark exploration of both the philosophical and methodological issues surrounding the search for true artificial intelligence. Distinguished psychologists, computer scientists, philosophers, and programmers from around the world debate weighty issues such as whether a self-conscious computer would create an internet ‘world mind’. This hugely important volume explores nothing less than the future of the human race itself.

Build Your Computational Thinking Skills

Author : Christopher Harris
Publisher : Enslow Publishing, LLC
ISBN 13 : 1978510632
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (785 download)

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Book Synopsis Build Your Computational Thinking Skills by : Christopher Harris

Download or read book Build Your Computational Thinking Skills written by Christopher Harris and published by Enslow Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dozen activities in this book don't require a computer, but will help readers become masters at computational thinking. This volume stars out with activities highlighting the necessity of giving clear, direct instructions. It continues to include instructions that introduce readers to concept of computer languages, commenting on codes, number systems, and the importance of binary in coding. Fun illustrations and informative sidebars help make the volume engaging, while back matter elements like a glossary and further reading section reinforce what readers have learned and offer ways to learn more about thinking like a coder.

Computer Psychotherapy Systems

Author : Morton Wagman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351062883
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Computer Psychotherapy Systems by : Morton Wagman

Download or read book Computer Psychotherapy Systems written by Morton Wagman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1988, this was the first book to examine the development, application and evaluation of computer counselling and psychotherapy. Integrating concepts of artificial intelligence and psychotherapy, this book provided extensive research data that compared the human therapist to the computer therapist at the time. This title was intended for researchers, professionals, and students of psychotherapy and artificial intelligence. By exploring the automation of therapy and the design of empathetic software this book challenges counsellors and computer scientists to look at what may have been the most fascinating topic to arise in their fields for years to come.

The Tao of Computing, Second Edition

Author : Henry M. Walker
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439892512
Total Pages : 559 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tao of Computing, Second Edition by : Henry M. Walker

Download or read book The Tao of Computing, Second Edition written by Henry M. Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-07-06 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describing both the practical details of interest to students and the high-level concepts and abstractions highlighted by faculty, The Tao of Computing, Second Edition presents a comprehensive introduction to computers and computer technology. This edition updates its popular predecessor with new research exercises and expanded discussion questions. It uses a question-and-answer format to provide thoughtful answers to the many practical questions that students have about computing. Among the questions answered, the book explains: What capabilities computers have in helping people solve problems and what limitations need to be considered Why machines act the way they do What is involved in getting computers to interact with networks The book offers a down-to-earth overview of fundamental computer fluency topics, from the basics of how a computer is organized and an overview of operating systems to a description of how the Internet works. The second edition describes new technological advances including social media applications and RSS feeds.