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When Arguments Merge
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Book Synopsis When Arguments Merge by : Elise Newman
Download or read book When Arguments Merge written by Elise Newman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-10-15 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel theory of argument structure based on the order in which verbs and their arguments combine across a variety of languages and language families. Merge is the structure-building operation in Chomsky’s Minimalist Program. In When Arguments Merge, Elise Newman develops a new Merge-based theory of the syntax of argument structure, taking inspiration from wh- questions. She uncovers new connections between disparate empirical phenomena and provides a unified analysis of patterns across many languages and language families, from Mayan to Bantu to Indo-European languages (among others). The result is a syntactic theory with a small inventory of features and categories that can combine in a limited number of ways, capturing the range of argument configurations that we find cross-linguistically in both declarative and interrogative contexts. Newman’s novel approach to argument structure is based on the time at which different kinds of arguments merge and move in the verbal domain. Assuming that all kinds of Merge are driven by features, she proposes that subset relationships between elements bearing different sets of features can constrain the distribution of arguments in unexpected ways and that different feature bundles can predict unusual interactions between arguments in many contexts. The positions of arguments in different contexts have consequences for agreement alignment and case assignment, which are reflected in the Voice of the clause. Examining the order in which verbs and their arguments are combined, she explores the consequences of different orders of combination for the kinds of utterances observed across languages.
Book Synopsis The Merge Hypothesis by : Norbert Hornstein
Download or read book The Merge Hypothesis written by Norbert Hornstein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-29 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outlines a theory which centers a principle that requires all grammatical dependencies to be Merge mediated.
Book Synopsis The Syntax of Argument Structure by : Leonard H. Babby
Download or read book The Syntax of Argument Structure written by Leonard H. Babby and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes an intriguing theory of argument structure. Babby puts forward the theory that this set of arguments (the verb's 'argument structure') has a universal hierarchical composition which directly determines the sentence's case and grammatical relations.
Book Synopsis Argument Structure in Flux by : Elly van Gelderen
Download or read book Argument Structure in Flux written by Elly van Gelderen and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2013-06-15 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume is centered around five linguistic themes: argument structure and encoding strategies; argument structure and verb classes; unexpressed arguments; split intransitivity; and existential and presentational constructions. The articles also cover a variety of typologically different languages, and they offer new data from under-researched languages on the issues of event and argument structure. In some cases novel perspectives from widely discussed languages on highly debated topics are offered, also addressing more theoretical aspects concerning the predictability and derivation of linking. Several contributions apply current models of the lexicon–syntax interface to synchronic data. Other contributions focus on diachrony and are based on extensive use of corpora. Yet others, although empirically and theoretically grounded, privilege a methodological discussion, presenting analyses based on thorough and long-standing fieldwork.
Book Synopsis Merging Features by : José M. Brucart
Download or read book Merging Features written by José M. Brucart and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-01-29 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new work on how Merge and formal features, two basic factors in the Minimalist Program, should determine the syntactic computation of natural language. Merge combines simpler objects into more complex ones. Formal features establish dependencies within objects. In this book leading scholars examine the intricate ways in which these two factors interact to generate well-formed derivations in natural language. It is divided into two parts concerned with formal features and interpretable features - a subset of formal features. The authors combine grammatical theory with the analysis of data drawn from a wide range of languages, both in the adult grammar and in first language acquisition. The mechanisms at work in linguistic computation are considered in relation to a variety of linguistic phenomena, including A-binding, A'-dependencies and reconstruction, agreement, word order, adjuncts, pronouns and complementizers.
Book Synopsis Python in a Nutshell by : Alex Martelli
Download or read book Python in a Nutshell written by Alex Martelli and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2003 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new title offers Python programmers one place to look when they need help remembering or deciphering the most important tools and modules of this open source language.
Book Synopsis Principles of Argument Structure by : Chris Collins
Download or read book Principles of Argument Structure written by Chris Collins and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-09-17 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new theory of argument structure, based on the syntactic operation Merge and presented through an in-depth analysis of properties of the English passive construction. In Principles of Argument Structure, Chris Collins investigates principles of argument structure in minimalist syntax through an in-depth analysis of properties of the English passive construction. He formulates a new theory of argument structure based on the only structure-building operation in minimalist syntax, Merge, which puts together two syntactic objects to form a larger one. This new theory should give rise to detailed cross-linguistic work on the syntactic and semantic properties of implicit arguments. Collins presents an update and defense of his influential 2005 theory of the passive, including a completely original theory of implicit arguments. He makes a direct empirical argument for the Theta-Criterion against various claims that it should be eliminated. He also discusses the conception of voice in syntactic theory, arguing that VoiceP does not introduce external arguments, a position otherwise widely accepted in the field. He shows how the ”smuggling” approach to the passive extends naturally to the dative alternation accounting for a number of striking c-command asymmetries. He compares syntactic and semantic approaches to argument structure, outlining conceptual problems with adopting formal semantics as the basis for a theory of argument structure. The book will be of interest not only to syntacticians and semanticists, but also to typologists investigating the cross-linguistic properties of the passive, psycholinguists and computer scientists working on natural language understanding, and philosophers thinking about the issue of “implicit content.” It includes an appendix that provides common-sense guidelines for doing syntactic research using internet data.
Book Synopsis Arguments as Relations by : John Bowers
Download or read book Arguments as Relations written by John Bowers and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A radically new approach to argument structure in the minimalist program. In Arguments as Relations, John Bowers proposes a radically new approach to argument structure that has the potential to unify data from a wide range of different language types in terms of a simple and universal syntactic structure. In many ways, Bowers's theory is the natural extension of three leading ideas in the literature: the minimalist approach to Case theory (particularly Chomsky's idea that Case is assigned under the Agree function relation); the idea of introducing arguments in specifiers of functional categories rather than in projections of lexical categories; and the neo-Davidsonian approach to argument structure represented in the work of Parsons and others. Bowers pulls together these strands in the literature and shapes them into a unified theory. These ideas, together with certain basic assumptions—notably the idea that the initial order of merge of the three basic argument categories of Agent, Theme, and Affectee is just the opposite of what has been almost universally assumed in the literature—lead Bowers to a fundamental rethinking of argument structure. He proposes that every argument is merged as the specifier of a particular type of light verb category and that these functional argument categories merge in bottom-to-top fashion in accordance with a fixed Universal Order of Merge (UOM). In the hierarchical structures that result from these operations, Affectee arguments will be highest, Theme arguments next highest, and Agent arguments lowest—exactly the opposite of the usual assumption. Linguistic Inquiry Monographs 58
Download or read book Niuean written by Diane Massam and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the grammar of Niuean, an endangered Polynesian language spoken on the island of Niue and in New Zealand, with a focus on the issue of predication. Since Aristotle, it has been claimed that a sentence consists of a subject and a predicate. Niuean constitutes the perfect testing ground for this claim: it displays verb-subject-object word order, in which the subject interrupts the predicate, and has an ergative case system, in which subjects are not clearly distinguished from objects in their marking for grammatical case. Diane Massam uses the framework of generative grammar to carry out a detailed analysis of the internal structure of Niuean predicates and arguments, as well as the relations between them, touching on many other topics including the nature of displacement, word formation, determiners, and thematic roles. The proposal is that Niuean complex predicates are formed via successive inversion, prior to the merge of all arguments (high argument merge), and that the predicate undergoes fronting to initial position across the arguments, with the same structure found also in nominal clauses. The conclusion is that Niuean does not have a subject in the usual sense, and this is related to the fact that the language has isolating morphology, lacking all tense and agreement inflection and nominative case. Instead, the language exhibits low absolutive predication, applicative ergative agents, and predicate fronting in lieu of subject extraction. The book extends our understanding of cross-linguistic sentence structure and grammatical case, and will be of interest to scholars in the fields of Austronesian linguistics, typology, and theoretical linguistics.
Author :Ekaterina Ovchinnikova Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9491216538 Total Pages :252 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (912 download)
Book Synopsis Integration of World Knowledge for Natural Language Understanding by : Ekaterina Ovchinnikova
Download or read book Integration of World Knowledge for Natural Language Understanding written by Ekaterina Ovchinnikova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-15 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concerns non-linguistic knowledge required to perform computational natural language understanding (NLU). The main objective of the book is to show that inference-based NLU has the potential for practical large scale applications. First, an introduction to research areas relevant for NLU is given. We review approaches to linguistic meaning, explore knowledge resources, describe semantic parsers, and compare two main forms of inference: deduction and abduction. In the main part of the book, we propose an integrative knowledge base combining lexical-semantic, ontological, and distributional knowledge. A particular attention is payed to ensuring its consistency. We then design a reasoning procedure able to make use of the large scale knowledge base. We experiment both with a deduction-based NLU system and with an abductive reasoner. For evaluation, we use three different NLU tasks: recognizing textual entailment, semantic role labeling, and interpretation of noun dependencies.
Download or read book Pro ADO.NET 2.0 written by Nick Malik and published by Apress. This book was released on 2007-02-16 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Provides compact coverage of new ADO.NET features and use of cutting edge tools, such as Visual Studio .NET 2005. * Content and examples take practical focus as opposed to a theoretical, academic treatment. * Heavily trimmed content eliminates information the reader won’t find useful very often.
Book Synopsis Negation and Control in Prolog by : Lee Naish
Download or read book Negation and Control in Prolog written by Lee Naish and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1986-10 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions to this volume cover all aspects of the assessment and management of hepatobiliary disease. The focal points of the book consist of three state-of-the-art summaries. The first of these deals with the highly topical problem of liver transplants from the point of view of patient selection. The second considers drug-induced liver injury in view of the fact that the liver is the main metabolic site for a number of drugs. The final summary deals with liver and aging: it asks whether the liver follows the aging process of the host organisms and whether the liver of aged liver transplant candidate donors could be suitable for grafting. Aside from these topics, the volume presents basic research on hepatic transport mechanisms, intrahepatic cholestasis and gall-stone disease, which serves as a background for the topics more specifically concerning the assessment of liver function. Much of the book is then devoted to the management of the commonest forms of liver diseases and their complications, such as chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and ascites.
Book Synopsis Explorations of Phase Theory: Features and Arguments by : Kleanthes K. Grohmann
Download or read book Explorations of Phase Theory: Features and Arguments written by Kleanthes K. Grohmann and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009-02-26 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume dedicated to the study of formal features and the expression of arguments within Phase Theory, the latest model of syntactic theorizing within the Minimalist Program. The collection addresses the nature of formal features and their role in the syntactic computation as well as checking mechanisms and configurations. It also investigates theoretical issues underlying the nature of syntactic arguments and their licensing (argument structure at large) and specific grammatical operations involving arguments (abstract and morphological case, empty elements, passivization, negation, and aspect). The chapters presented in this volume provide case studies from several, typologically unrelated languages. Apart from novel analyses of new as well as well-known facts, the contributions also provide interesting aspects of and challenges for Phase Theory in general, by critically exploring a number of theoretical extensions, proposing new syntactic mechanisms, and sharpening our tools for linguistic analysis.
Book Synopsis The Theta System by : Martin Everaert
Download or read book The Theta System written by Martin Everaert and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-05 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the recent results and evaluations of the Theta System in both theoretical and experimental domains. Distinguished linguists from all over the world examine the theory in the context of an impressive array of new empirical data ranging from Germanic, Romance, and Slavic to Ugro-Finnish, and Semitic languages.
Book Synopsis Phrase Structure and Argument Structure by : Terje Lohndal
Download or read book Phrase Structure and Argument Structure written by Terje Lohndal and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the relationship between syntax and meaning. Terje Lohndal's core claim is that it is possible to create a transparent mapping from syntax to logical form such that each syntactic Spell-Out domain directly corresponds to a conjunct at logical form. The argument focuses on two domains of grammar - phrase structure and argument structure - and brings together two independently established but seemingly unconnected hypotheses: that verbs do not require arguments, and that specifiers are not required by the grammar. Following the introduction, the second chapter looks in detail at the separation of the verb from its thematic arguments, and presents data from argument structure, reciprocals, and adjectival passives, while the third examines the claim that specifiers do not play a role as the target of various grammatical operations. Chapter 4 then brings these arguments together and proposes a syntax that maps transparently onto logical forms where all thematic arguments are severed from the verb. Moreover, the broader consequences of this approach are outlined in terms of Spell-Out, movement, linearization, thematic uniqueness, and agreement. The book closes with an examination of the relationship between grammatical and conceptual meaning, and a detailed discussion of the nature of compositionality.
Book Synopsis The End of Argument Structure? by : Maria Cristina Cuervo
Download or read book The End of Argument Structure? written by Maria Cristina Cuervo and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2012 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes papers that explore the issues and re-assess generally accepted premises on the relationship between lexical meaning and the morphosyntax of sentences by confronting two competing approaches to this issue.
Book Synopsis Practical Clojure by : Luke VanderHart
Download or read book Practical Clojure written by Luke VanderHart and published by Apress. This book was released on 2010-12-31 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first definitive reference for the Clojure language, providing both an introduction to functional programming in general and a more specific introduction to Clojure’s features. This book demonstrates the use of the language through examples, including features such as software transactional memory (STM) and immutability, which may be new to programmers coming from other languages. Overview of functional programming and description of what sets Clojure apart from other languages Detailed explanation of Clojure’s special features Examples of real-world tasks that are well-suited to Clojure’s capabilities, starting with simple tasks and moving on to more complex applications
