What Is The Effect Of Product Market Competition On Chief Executive Compensation

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What is the Effect of Product Market Competition on Chief Executive Compensation?

Author : Erica B. Graboyes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (689 download)

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Book Synopsis What is the Effect of Product Market Competition on Chief Executive Compensation? by : Erica B. Graboyes

Download or read book What is the Effect of Product Market Competition on Chief Executive Compensation? written by Erica B. Graboyes and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the relationship between the degree of product market competition and the level of executive compensation for the largest 216 publically traded companies in U.S. manufacturing. Using 2005 CapitalIQ and Census data this paper finds that firm size has a substantial positive effect on the CEO's total and annual cash compensation. These results also indicate that holding firm size as well as other measures constant, the degree of industry competition these firms face plays a small, but interesting role. Consistent with the hypothesis based on the literature, industry concentration has a parabolic relationship with compensation such that boards offer the lowest compensation in oligopolistic markets. This result may be due to an increased ability of boards and shareholders to monitor CEOs at intermediate levels of competition.

CEO Talent, CEO Compensation, and Product Market Competition

Author : Hae Won (Henny) Jung
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis CEO Talent, CEO Compensation, and Product Market Competition by : Hae Won (Henny) Jung

Download or read book CEO Talent, CEO Compensation, and Product Market Competition written by Hae Won (Henny) Jung and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We develop a structural industry equilibrium model to show how competitive CEO-firm matching and product markets jointly determine firm value and CEO pay. We analytically derive testable implications for the effects of product market characteristics on firm size, CEO pay, and CEO impact on firm value. CEO talent matters more in more competitive markets with greater product substitutabilities. Our CEO impact estimates are much higher than those obtained by previous structural approaches that abstract away from CEO market segmentation. The estimates differ across industries primarily due to variation in product market competition, rather than variation in the CEO talent distribution.

Handbook Of Financial Econometrics, Mathematics, Statistics, And Machine Learning (In 4 Volumes)

Author : Cheng Few Lee
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811202400
Total Pages : 5053 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook Of Financial Econometrics, Mathematics, Statistics, And Machine Learning (In 4 Volumes) by : Cheng Few Lee

Download or read book Handbook Of Financial Econometrics, Mathematics, Statistics, And Machine Learning (In 4 Volumes) written by Cheng Few Lee and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-07-30 with total page 5053 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This four-volume handbook covers important concepts and tools used in the fields of financial econometrics, mathematics, statistics, and machine learning. Econometric methods have been applied in asset pricing, corporate finance, international finance, options and futures, risk management, and in stress testing for financial institutions. This handbook discusses a variety of econometric methods, including single equation multiple regression, simultaneous equation regression, and panel data analysis, among others. It also covers statistical distributions, such as the binomial and log normal distributions, in light of their applications to portfolio theory and asset management in addition to their use in research regarding options and futures contracts.In both theory and methodology, we need to rely upon mathematics, which includes linear algebra, geometry, differential equations, Stochastic differential equation (Ito calculus), optimization, constrained optimization, and others. These forms of mathematics have been used to derive capital market line, security market line (capital asset pricing model), option pricing model, portfolio analysis, and others.In recent times, an increased importance has been given to computer technology in financial research. Different computer languages and programming techniques are important tools for empirical research in finance. Hence, simulation, machine learning, big data, and financial payments are explored in this handbook.Led by Distinguished Professor Cheng Few Lee from Rutgers University, this multi-volume work integrates theoretical, methodological, and practical issues based on his years of academic and industry experience.

The Future of Europe

Author : Alberto Alesina
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262261472
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Europe by : Alberto Alesina

Download or read book The Future of Europe written by Alberto Alesina and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A provocative argument that unless Europe takes serious action soon, its economic and political decline is unavoidable, and a clear statement of the steps Europe must take before it's too late. Unless Europe takes action soon, its further economic and political decline is almost inevitable, economists Alberto Alesina and Francesco Giavazzi write in this provocative book. Without comprehensive reform, continental Western Europe's overprotected, overregulated economies will continue to slow—and its political influence will become negligible. This doesn't mean that Italy, Germany, France, and other now-prosperous countries will become poor; their standard of living will remain comfortable. But they will become largely irrelevant on the world scene. In The Future of Europe, Alesina and Giavazzi (themselves Europeans) outline the steps that Europe must take to prevent its economic and political eclipse. Europe, the authors say, has much to learn from the market liberalism of America. Europeans work less and vacation more than Americans; they value job stability and security above all. Americans, Alesina and Giavazzi argue, work harder and longer and are more willing to endure the ups and downs of a market economy. Europeans prize their welfare states; Americans abhor government spending. America is a melting pot; European countries—witness the November 2005 unrest in France—have trouble absorbing their immigrant populations. If Europe is to arrest its decline, Alesina and Giavazzi warn, it needs to adopt something closer to the American free-market model for dealing with these issues. Alesina and Giavazzi's prescriptions for how Europe should handle worker productivity, labor market regulation, globalization, support for higher education and technology research, fiscal policy, and its multiethnic societies are sure to stir controversy, as will their eye-opening view of the European Union and the euro. But their wake-up call will ring loud and clear for anyone concerned about the future of Europe and the global economy.

Executive Compensation and Product Market Competition

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780753017197
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Executive Compensation and Product Market Competition by :

Download or read book Executive Compensation and Product Market Competition written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pay Without Performance

Author : Lucian A. Bebchuk
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674020634
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis Pay Without Performance by : Lucian A. Bebchuk

Download or read book Pay Without Performance written by Lucian A. Bebchuk and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The company is under-performing, its share price is trailing, and the CEO gets...a multi-million-dollar raise. This story is familiar, for good reason: as this book clearly demonstrates, structural flaws in corporate governance have produced widespread distortions in executive pay. Pay without Performance presents a disconcerting portrait of managers' influence over their own pay--and of a governance system that must fundamentally change if firms are to be managed in the interest of shareholders. Lucian Bebchuk and Jesse Fried demonstrate that corporate boards have persistently failed to negotiate at arm's length with the executives they are meant to oversee. They give a richly detailed account of how pay practices--from option plans to retirement benefits--have decoupled compensation from performance and have camouflaged both the amount and performance-insensitivity of pay. Executives' unwonted influence over their compensation has hurt shareholders by increasing pay levels and, even more importantly, by leading to practices that dilute and distort managers' incentives. This book identifies basic problems with our current reliance on boards as guardians of shareholder interests. And the solution, the authors argue, is not merely to make these boards more independent of executives as recent reforms attempt to do. Rather, boards should also be made more dependent on shareholders by eliminating the arrangements that entrench directors and insulate them from their shareholders. A powerful critique of executive compensation and corporate governance, Pay without Performance points the way to restoring corporate integrity and improving corporate performance.

The Handbook of the Economics of Corporate Governance

Author : Benjamin Hermalin
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444635408
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of the Economics of Corporate Governance by : Benjamin Hermalin

Download or read book The Handbook of the Economics of Corporate Governance written by Benjamin Hermalin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of the Economics of Corporate Governance, Volume One, covers all issues important to economists. It is organized around fundamental principles, whereas multidisciplinary books on corporate governance often concentrate on specific topics. Specific topics include Relevant Theory and Methods, Organizational Economic Models as They Pertain to Governance, Managerial Career Concerns, Assessment & Monitoring, and Signal Jamming, The Institutions and Practice of Governance, The Law and Economics of Governance, Takeovers, Buyouts, and the Market for Control, Executive Compensation, Dominant Shareholders, and more. Providing excellent overviews and summaries of extant research, this book presents advanced students in graduate programs with details and perspectives that other books overlook. Concentrates on underlying principles that change little, even as the empirical literature moves on Helps readers see corporate governance systems as interrelated or even intertwined external (country-level) and internal (firm-level) forces Reviews the methodological tools of the field (theory and empirical), the most relevant models, and the field’s substantive findings, all of which help point the way forward

Product Market Competition and Top Management Compensation

Author : Simi Kedia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (385 download)

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Book Synopsis Product Market Competition and Top Management Compensation by : Simi Kedia

Download or read book Product Market Competition and Top Management Compensation written by Simi Kedia and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of competition in the product markets on the design of a firm's governance structure. In oligopolies, profits are not just a function of a firm's own actions but also of the actions taken by rivals. Firms therefore behave strategically and commit to actions which elicit the most favorable responses from rivals. It is shown both theoretically and empirically that firms strategically use incentive features of compensation contracts toalter behavior in product markets. When a firm's output market decisions are strategic substitutes (i.e., marginal profits decrease with an increase in the rival's actions) managerial incentives are decreased, while if these decisions are strategic complements (i.e., marginal profits increase with an increase in the rival's actions) managerial incentives are increased. I develop an empirical measure which captures the sensitivity of a firm's marginal profits to changes in its rival's actions. An examination of CEO incentives in the data shows that when decisions are strategic substitutes, CEOs get awarded stock options with lower pay-for-performance incentives, own a smaller percentage of the firm and have a smaller threat of dismissal following bad performance of the firm. On the other hand, when decisions are strategic complements CEOs get higher pay-for-performance incentives from both cash and stock based compensation.

CEO Pay and Firm Performance

Author : Paul L. Joskow
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis CEO Pay and Firm Performance by : Paul L. Joskow

Download or read book CEO Pay and Firm Performance written by Paul L. Joskow and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the dynamic structure of the pay-for- performance relationship in CEO compensation and quantifies the effect of introducing a more complex model of firm financial performance on the estimated performance sensitivity of executive pay. The results suggest that current compensation responds to past performance outcomes, but that the effect decays considerably within two years. This contrasts sharply with models of infinitely persistent performance effects implicitly assumed in much of the empirical compensation literature. We find that both accounting and market performance measures influence compensation and that the salary and bonus component of pay as well as total compensation have become more sensitive to firm financial performance over the past two decades. There is no evidence that boards fail to penalize CEOs for poor financial performance or reward them disproportionately well for good performance. Finally, the data suggest that boards may discount extreme performance outcomes -both high and low - relative to performance that lies within some `normal' band in setting compensation.

The Effect of Product-market Competition on Managerial Incentives and Managerial Pay in Compensation Contracts

Author : Christo Suresh Karunananthan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effect of Product-market Competition on Managerial Incentives and Managerial Pay in Compensation Contracts by : Christo Suresh Karunananthan

Download or read book The Effect of Product-market Competition on Managerial Incentives and Managerial Pay in Compensation Contracts written by Christo Suresh Karunananthan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

An Analysis of CEO Equity Compensation in an Incomplete Contracting Framework

Author : Matthias Kiefer
Publisher : Matthias Kiefer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis An Analysis of CEO Equity Compensation in an Incomplete Contracting Framework by : Matthias Kiefer

Download or read book An Analysis of CEO Equity Compensation in an Incomplete Contracting Framework written by Matthias Kiefer and published by Matthias Kiefer. This book was released on 2015-01-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I investigate whether equity grants increase the costs of CEO dismissal or departure (Oyer, 2004; Almazan and Suarez, 2003). I argue that costs of dismissal are increased because equity grants become exercisable upon forced departure. Equity grants can increase the costs of leaving because voluntarily departing CEOs forfeit equity compensation upon departure. I follow Rajgopal, Shevlin and Zamora (2006) in linking CEO equity compensation to a measure of labor market competition in a sample of S&P1500 companies from 1996 to 2010. I find that the intensity of labor market competition measured by a Herfindahl-Hirschman Index across industries and states affects equity grants and that the correlation is reversed in the penultimate year of forced CEO departure. This is consistent with the view that CEOs are concerned about being replaced in competitive labor markets and therefore demand more compensation that converts into severance pay. Conversely, when a dismissal is anticipated, I argue that CEOs are concerned about finding new employment and are then insured against a lack of outside opportunities. In addition, I conduct an empirical investigation of the relationship between stock options, restricted stock grants and other long-term compensation between 2001 and 2006. I argue that the Sarbanes-Oxley Act did not increase managerial accountability (see for example Cohen, Dey and Lys, 2005) and that new accounting rules did not increase accounting costs of stock options (see for example Hayes, Lemmon and Qiu, 2012). Instead, I suggest that the effective prohibition of executive loans from firms and brokers made it prohibitively costly for CEOs to exercise stock options. I find that stock options began to be replaced with other long-term compensation as early as 2004. CEOs began to accumulate vested but unexercised stock options. I do not find evidence that CEOs sold vested stock to raise funds.In the final empirical chapter, I consider whether a Herfindahl-Hirschman Index across industries and states can be interpreted as a proxy for labor market competition. Aggarwal and Samwick (1999) argue that it is product market competition that affects CEO equity grants. My results are consistent with Rajgopal, Shevlin and Zamora (2006) who do not find evidence that product market competition has any significant impact on equity grants. Instead, I find that labor market competition retains a significant and positive impact in our tests, and notably holds for the largest single product market. The principal limitations of the project were found to be the difficulty of collecting data of intended turnover and classifying it into forced and voluntary turnover. With respect to loans to executives, loans by brokers are usually not disclosed. This study is the first to analyze equity compensation as severance arrangement. CEO cash constraints in exercising options is an unexplored explanation for their disappearance.

Optimal CEO Incentives and Industry Dynamics

Author : Dalida Kadyrzhanova
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimal CEO Incentives and Industry Dynamics by : Dalida Kadyrzhanova

Download or read book Optimal CEO Incentives and Industry Dynamics written by Dalida Kadyrzhanova and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Executive Compensation and Matching in the CEO Labor Market

Author : Jordan Lee Nickerson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (883 download)

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Book Synopsis Executive Compensation and Matching in the CEO Labor Market by : Jordan Lee Nickerson

Download or read book Executive Compensation and Matching in the CEO Labor Market written by Jordan Lee Nickerson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the matching of CEOs to firms and the compensation earned by such managers in a competitive labor market. I first develop a simple competitive equilibrium model and derive predictions regarding the change in wages when an inelastic supply of CEO labor cannot match an increase in demand. The model predicts that the CEO pay-size elasticity increases when more firms compete for a fixed supply of managers. I then empirically test this prediction using industry-level IPO waves as a proxy for increased competition among firms for CEOs. Consistent with the model, I find that pay-size elasticity increases with an increase in an industry's IPO activity. I also find that increased IPO activity leads to a greater likelihood of executive transitions between firms. Overall, the findings point to the substantial role market forces play in the determination of pay in the CEO labor market. I then use a structural model to examine the distortionary effects of frictions in the CEO labor market. I estimate the switching cost to be 20% of the median firm's annual earnings. While reduced-form estimates of the switching cost serve as a lower bound on the reduction in firm value, they underestimate the overall effect which also includes the resulting inefficient firm-CEO matches. Using counterfactual analysis, the switching cost is estimated to decrease the median firm's value by 4.8%, four times larger than the reduced-form estimate.

Market Competition Or Family Ties

Author : Clara Graziano
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Market Competition Or Family Ties by : Clara Graziano

Download or read book Market Competition Or Family Ties written by Clara Graziano and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper analyzes the interplay of product market competition and governance on CEO compensation in Italian listed firms from 2000 to 2011 and tests the impact of the 2007-08 financial crisis on pay-performance sensitivity. We argue that important differences both in the level of compensation and in its sensitivity to firm performance depend on two conditioning factors: family ownership and source of the competitive pressure. A novel aspect of our paper is that we rely on two definitions of competition: the intensity of import penetration, which accounts for price competition, and the intensity of R&D and advertising expenditures, which captures the oligopolistic nature of competition when products are vertically differentiated. Overall, the compensation of Italian CEOs is positively related to firm performance. Moreover, consistent with our predictions, sensitivity is higher in competitive sectors and the difference between family and non-family CEOs disappear when competition is tough. Family CEOs are significantly less paid than non-family CEOs and their pay is significantly related to firm performance. However, behind this sensitivity we find asymmetric responses to performance changes: while non-family CEOs pay mainly responds to negative changes, family CEOs pay is sensitive only to positive changes. Finally, we find that the 2007 financial crisis reduces the difference between family and non-family CEO by decreasing the level of compensation of non-family CEOs and increasing its responsiveness to performance. Altogether, our results provide supporting evidence to the idea that market competition eventually prevails over family ties even in a family-controlled governance system such as in Italy.

Contract Theory

Author : Patrick Bolton
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262025768
Total Pages : 746 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (257 download)

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Book Synopsis Contract Theory by : Patrick Bolton

Download or read book Contract Theory written by Patrick Bolton and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-12-10 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to contract theory, emphasizing common themes and methodologies as well as applications in key areas. Despite the vast research literature on topics relating to contract theory, only a few of the field's core ideas are covered in microeconomics textbooks. This long-awaited book fills the need for a comprehensive textbook on contract theory suitable for use at the graduate and advanced undergraduate levels. It covers the areas of agency theory, information economics, and organization theory, highlighting common themes and methodologies and presenting the main ideas in an accessible way. It also presents many applications in all areas of economics, especially labor economics, industrial organization, and corporate finance. The book emphasizes applications rather than general theorems while providing self-contained, intuitive treatment of the simple models analyzed. In this way, it can also serve as a reference for researchers interested in building contract-theoretic models in applied contexts.The book covers all the major topics in contract theory taught in most graduate courses. It begins by discussing such basic ideas in incentive and information theory as screening, signaling, and moral hazard. Subsequent sections treat multilateral contracting with private information or hidden actions, covering auction theory, bilateral trade under private information, and the theory of the internal organization of firms; long-term contracts with private information or hidden actions; and incomplete contracts, the theory of ownership and control, and contracting with externalities. Each chapter ends with a guide to the relevant literature. Exercises appear in a separate chapter at the end of the book.

Executive Compensation, Strategic Competition, and Relative Performance Evaluation

Author : Raj Aggarwal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Executive Compensation, Strategic Competition, and Relative Performance Evaluation by : Raj Aggarwal

Download or read book Executive Compensation, Strategic Competition, and Relative Performance Evaluation written by Raj Aggarwal and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We argue that strategic interactions between firms in an oligopoly can explain the puzzling lack of high-powered incentives in executive compensation contracts written by shareholders whose objective is to maximize the value of their shares. We derive the optimal compensation contracts for managers and demonstrate that the use of high-powered incentives will be limited by the need to soften product market competition. In particular, when managers can be compensated based on their own and their rivals' performance, we show that there will be an inverse relationship between the magnitude of high-powered incentives and the degree of competition in the industry. More competitive industries are characterized by weaker pay-performance incentives. Empirically, we find strong evidence of this inverse relationship in the compensation of executives in the United States. Our econometric results are not consistent with alternative theories of the effect of competition on executive compensation. We conclude that strategic considerations can preclude the use of high-powered incentives, in contrast to the predictions of the standard principal-agent model.

A Guide To CEO Compensation

Author : Truman Sojo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis A Guide To CEO Compensation by : Truman Sojo

Download or read book A Guide To CEO Compensation written by Truman Sojo and published by . This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pay for performance has taken on new meaning for many shareholders and boards of directors. When attacks on Wall Street banks ensued after large bonuses were paid post-bailout, quite a few shareholders felt cheated because taxpayer monies were directed toward senior executives' pocketbooks rather than their own. The banks' poor form also led to a resurgence of a true pay-for-performance mentality in corporate boardrooms. Never before have boards purposed to demonstrate credible oversight with respect to pay. In addition, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is placing more emphasis on risk oversight and the actions compensation plans motivate executives to take. Given the increased attention to pay for performance, it is important for companies to understand that the key to successful compensation plans is not the amount of compensation. Rather, it is intent and design. Simply put: CEO pay should be designed to drive a company's business strategy and create shareholder value. This study examined the relationship between chief executive officers' (CEOs') compensation components, which consisted of salary, bonus, stock options, other compensation, stock awards, nonequity incentive plans, deferred compensation earnings, and total compensation, and compared them with the organizational performance elements of earnings per share, debt-to-equity ratio, revenue, and pretax return on equity.