What If Anything Are Species

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What, if anything, are species?

Author : Brent D. Mishler
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351645994
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis What, if anything, are species? by : Brent D. Mishler

Download or read book What, if anything, are species? written by Brent D. Mishler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an extended argument for abandoning the species rank. Instead, the author proposes that the rank of "species" be replaced by a pluralistic and multi-level view. In such a view, all clades including the smallest identifiable one would be named and studied within a phylogenetic context. What are currently called "species" represent different sorts of things depending on the sort of organisms and processes being considered. This is already the case, but is not formally recognized by those scientists using the species rank in their work. Adopting a rankless taxonomy at all levels would enhance academic studies of evolution and ecology and yield practical benefits in areas of public concern such as conservation. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781498714549, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial license. KEY FEATURES • Proposes the replacement of restrictive species concepts with a pluralistic view • Suggests abandoning the formal taxonomic rank of "species" • Considers zoological, botanical, and microbiological aspects of the species level • Deals with practical issues such as conservation, inventories, and field guides

Species

Author : John S. Wilkins
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520271394
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Species by : John S. Wilkins

Download or read book Species written by John S. Wilkins and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive work, John S. Wilkins traces the history of the idea of "species" from antiquity to today, providing a new perspective on the relationship between philosophical and biological approaches.--[book cover].

Species Problems and Beyond

Author : John S. Wilkins
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000549798
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Species Problems and Beyond by : John S. Wilkins

Download or read book Species Problems and Beyond written by John S. Wilkins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-06-14 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Species Problems and Beyond offers a collection of up-to-date essays discussing from an interdisciplinary perspective the many ramifications of the ‘Species Problem.’ The authors represent experts in the philosophy of biology, in species-level evolutionary investigations, and in biodiversity studies and conservation. Some of the topics addressed concern the context sensitivity of the term ‘species’; species as individuals, processes, natural kinds, or as ‘operative concepts’; species delimitation in the age of Big (genomic) Data; and taxonomic inflation and its consequences for conservation strategies. The carefully edited volume will be an invaluable resource for philosophers of biology and evolutionary biologists alike. – Olivier Rieppel, Rowe Family Curator of Evolutionary Biology, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum, USA Species, or ‘the Species Problem’, is a topic in science, in the philosophy of science, and in general philosophy. In fact, it encompasses many aspects of the same problem, and these are dealt with in this volume. Species are often thought of as fundamental units of biological matter to be used in ecology, conservation, classification, and biodiversity. The chapters in this book present opposing views on the current philosophical and conceptual issues of the Species Problem in biology. Divided into four sections, Concepts and Theories, Practice and Methods, Ranks and Trees and Names, and Metaphysics and Epistemologies, the book is authored by biologists, philosophers, and historians, many leaders in their fields. Topics include ontology of species, definitions of both species category and units, species rank, speciation issues, nomenclature, ecology, and species conservation. Species Problems and Beyond aims to clarify the contemporary issues of the Species Problem. It is ideal for use in upper-level seminars and courses in Evolutionary Biology, Philosophy of Science, Philosophy of Biology, Systematics and Taxonomy, and Phylogenetics/Cladistics, and for any scholar in these fields.

The Species Problem

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781003346296
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis The Species Problem by :

Download or read book The Species Problem written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general notion of species is one of the most fundamental in biology. But an idea of species is also one of the most persistent unresolved obsessions of biologists, philosophers and theoreticians. This new book investigates the multifaceted problem species as a "conceptual envelope" of that notion. Contemporary conceptualists and evolutionary epistemology allow for a fresh look by analyzing the framework of history viewed as changes ordered by changing philosophical-scientific contexts. In this analysis, the species problem is characterized in a pluralistic non-trivial manner, in contrast to a more monistic "accepted view." Key Features Provides new insights into the persistent species "problem." Focuses on conceptual history and identifies pivotal landmarks in the history of the concept of species. Argues for a scientific consistency of species pluralism. Discusses the "evolving species-hood" in the context of new essentialism. Related Titles * Wilkins, J. S, et al., eds. Species Problems and Beyond: Contemporary Issues in Philosophy and Practice (ISBN 978-1-0322-2147-2) * Mishler, B. D. What, if anything, are species? (ISBN 978-1-4987-1454-9) * Wilkins, J. S. Species: The Evolution of the Idea, Second Edition (ISBN 978-1-1380-5574-2) * Sigwart, J. D. What Species Mean: A User's Guide to the Units of Biodiversity (ISBN 978-1-4987-9937-9)

Social Trust and the Management of Threatened and Endangered Species

Author : George Cvetkovich
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Trust and the Management of Threatened and Endangered Species by : George Cvetkovich

Download or read book Social Trust and the Management of Threatened and Endangered Species written by George Cvetkovich and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social trust, the willingness to rely on those with formal responsibility to develop policies and make decisions, facilitates effective management of environmental issues, including wildlife management. National polls suggest that the public trusts government agencies to solve environmental problems, yet such trust is low (or non-existent) in areas of controversy, such as the protection of threatened and endangered species. This study explored the role of social trust in understanding views of threatened and endangered species management in the National Forests of southern California. The 127 participants surveyed lived in or near a National Forest or were recreational and/or other users of the National Forest. The results suggest that trust in Forest Service management of wildlife relates to perceived similarity between individual values regarding species protection and Forest Service values. Participants who believe the Forest Service shares their values have a high trust; those who believe the Forest Service does not share their values have a low trust. The most trusting tend to believe that species protection should be the primary principle guiding forest management and that the Forest Service consistently operates according to these principles. Those low in trust believe forest management should be based on the fulfillment of human needs; they perceive that the Forest Service operates inconsistently according to their values. The study suggests that social trust is a significant predictor of approval of species management practices.

The Species Problem

Author : Igor Ya. Pavlinov
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000833208
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis The Species Problem by : Igor Ya. Pavlinov

Download or read book The Species Problem written by Igor Ya. Pavlinov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-02-24 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general notion of species is one of the most fundamental in biology. But an idea of species is also one of the most persistent unresolved obsessions of biologists, philosophers and theoreticians. This new book investigates the multifaceted problem species as a "conceptual envelope" of that notion. Contemporary conceptualists and evolutionary epistemology allow for a fresh look by analyzing the framework of history viewed as changes ordered by changing philosophical-scientific contexts. In this analysis, the species problem is characterized in a pluralistic non-trivial manner, in contrast to a more monistic "accepted view." Key Features Provides new insights into the persistent species "problem." Focuses on conceptual history and identifies pivotal landmarks in the history of the concept of species. Argues for a scientific consistency of species pluralism. Discusses the "evolving species-hood" in the context of new essentialism. Related Titles • Wilkins, J. S, et al., eds. Species Problems and Beyond: Contemporary Issues in Philosophy and Practice (ISBN 978-1-0322-2147-2) • Mishler, B. D. What, if anything, are species? (ISBN 978-1-4987-1454-9) • Wilkins, J. S. Species: The Evolution of the Idea, Second Edition (ISBN 978-1-1380-5574-2) • Sigwart, J. D. What Species Mean: A User's Guide to the Units of Biodiversity (ISBN 978-1-4987-9937-9)

Metaphysics and the Origin of Species

Author : Michael T. Ghiselin
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438403976
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Metaphysics and the Origin of Species by : Michael T. Ghiselin

Download or read book Metaphysics and the Origin of Species written by Michael T. Ghiselin and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1997-07-10 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This sweeping discussion of the philosophy of evolutionary biology is based on the author's revolutionary idea that species are not kinds of organisms but wholes composed of organisms—individuals in the broadest ontological sense. Although the book's primary focus is on species and speciation, it deals with a wide variety of other fundamental units and basic processes and provides a reexamination of the role of classification in biology and other sciences. In explaining his individuality thesis, Michael T. Ghiselin provides extended discussions of such philosophical topics as definition, the reality of various kinds of groups, and how we classify traits and processes. He develops and applies the implications for general biology and other sciences and makes the case that a better understanding of species and of classification in general puts biologists and paleontologists in a much better position to understand nature in general, and such processes as extinction in particular.

The Moral Rights of Animals

Author : Mylan Engel
Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 1498531911
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis The Moral Rights of Animals by : Mylan Engel

Download or read book The Moral Rights of Animals written by Mylan Engel and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by Mylan Engel Jr. and Gary Lynn Comstock, this book employs different ethical lenses, including classical deontology, libertarianism, commonsense morality, virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and the capabilities approach, to explore the philosophical basis for the strong animal rights view, which holds that animals have moral rights equal in strength to the rights of humans, while also addressing what are undoubtedly the most serious challenges to the strong animal rights stance, including the challenges posed by rights nihilism, the “kind” argument against animal rights, the problem of predation, and the comparative value of lives. In addition, contributors explore the practical import of animal rights both from a social policy standpoint and from the standpoint of personal ethical decisions concerning what to eat and whether to hunt animals. Unlike other volumes on animal rights, which focus primarily on the legal rights of animals, and unlike other anthologies on animal ethics, which tend to cover a wide variety of topics but only devote a few articles to each topic, this volume focuses exclusively on the question of whether animals have moral rights and the practical import of such rights. The Moral Rights of Animals will be an indispensable resource for scholars, teachers, and students in the fields of animal ethics, applied ethics, ethical theory, and human-animal studies, as well as animal rights advocates and policy makers interested in improving the treatment of animals.

Defining Species

Author : John S. Wilkins
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9781433102165
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Defining Species by : John S. Wilkins

Download or read book Defining Species written by John S. Wilkins and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was listed as a CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title in 2011. Defining Species: A Sourcebook from Antiquity to Today provides excerpts and commentary on the definition of «species» from source material ranging from the Greeks, through the middle ages, to the modern era. It demonstrates that the logical meaning of species is in direct contrast to the use of kind terms and concepts in natural history and biology, and that the myth that biologists or natural historians were ever essentialists about kinds is mistaken.

Species, Species Concepts and Primate Evolution

Author : William H. Kimbel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489937455
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Species, Species Concepts and Primate Evolution by : William H. Kimbel

Download or read book Species, Species Concepts and Primate Evolution written by William H. Kimbel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A world of categones devmd of spirit waits for life to return. Saul Bellow, Humboldt's Gift The stock-in-trade of communicating hypotheses about the historical path of evolution is a graphical representation called a phylogenetic tree. In most such graphics, pairs of branches diverge from other branches, successively marching across abstract time toward the present. To each branch is tied a tag with a name, a binominal symbol that functions as does the name given to an individual human being. On phylogenetic trees the names symbolize species. What exactly do these names signify? What kind of information is communicated when we claim to have knowledge of the following types? "Tetonius mathewzi was ancestral to Pseudotetonius ambiguus. " "The sample of fossils attributed to Homo habzlis is too variable to contain only one species. " "Interbreeding populations of savanna baboons all belong to Papio anubis. " "Hylobates lar and H. pileatus interbreed in zones of geographic overlap. " While there is nearly universal agreement that the notion of the speczes is fundamental to our understanding of how evolution works, there is a very wide range of opinion on the conceptual content and meaning of such particular statements regarding species. This is because, oddly enough, evolutionary biolo gists are quite far from agreement on what a species is, how it attains this status, and what role it plays in evolution over the long term.

Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record

Author : Warren D. Allmon
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022637758X
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record by : Warren D. Allmon

Download or read book Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record written by Warren D. Allmon and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the species is one of the fundamental units of biological classification, there is remarkably little consensus among biologists about what defines a species, even within distinct sub-disciplines. The literature of paleobiology, in particular, is littered with qualifiers and cautions about applying the term to the fossil record or equating such species with those recognized among living organisms. In Species and Speciation in the Fossil Record, experts in the field examine how they conceive of species of fossil animals and consider the implications these different approaches have for thinking about species in the context of macroevolution. After outlining views of the Modern Synthesis of evolutionary disciplines and detailing the development within paleobiology of quantitative methods for documenting and analyzing variation within fossil assemblages, contributors explore the challenges of recognizing and defining species from fossil specimens—and offer potential solutions. Addressing both the tempo and mode of speciation over time, they show how with careful interpretation and a clear species concept, fossil species may be sufficiently robust for meaningful paleobiological analyses. Indeed, they demonstrate that the species concept, if more refined, could unearth a wealth of information about the interplay between species origins and extinctions, between local and global climate change, and greatly deepen our understanding of the evolution of life.

Species

Author : John S. Wilkins
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520945077
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Species by : John S. Wilkins

Download or read book Species written by John S. Wilkins and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex idea of "species" has evolved over time, yet its meaning is far from resolved. This comprehensive work takes a fresh look at an idea central to the field of biology by tracing its history from antiquity to today. John S. Wilkins explores the essentialist view, a staple of logic from Plato and Aristotle through the Middle Ages to fairly recent times, and considers the idea of species in natural history—a concept often connected to reproduction. Tracing "generative conceptions" of species back through Darwin to Epicurus, Wilkins provides a new perspective on the relationship between philosophical and biological approaches to this concept. He also reviews the array of current definitions. Species is a benchmark exploration and clarification of a concept fundamental to the past, present, and future of the natural sciences.

The Property Species

Author : Bart J. Wilson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190936819
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The Property Species by : Bart J. Wilson

Download or read book The Property Species written by Bart J. Wilson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is property, and why does our species have it? In The Property Species, Bart J. Wilson explores how humans acquire, perceive, and know the custom of property, and why this might be relevant to understanding how property works in the twenty-first century. Arguing that neither the sciences nor the humanities synthesizes a full account of property, the book offers a cross-disciplinary compromise that is sure to be controversial: Property is a universal and uniquely human custom. Integrating cognitive linguistics with philosophy of property and a fresh look at property disputes in the common law, the book makes the case that symbolic-thinking humans locate the meaning of property within a thing. That is, all human beings and only human beings have property in things, and at its core, property rests on custom, not rights. Such an alternative to conventional thinking contends that the origins of property lie not in food, mates, territory, or land, but in the very human act of creating, with symbolic thought, something new that did not previously exist. Written by an economist who marvels at the natural history of humankind, the book is essential reading for experts and any reader who has wondered why people claim things as "Mine!", and what that means for our humanity.

Fellow Creatures

Author : Christine M. Korsgaard
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191068373
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Fellow Creatures by : Christine M. Korsgaard

Download or read book Fellow Creatures written by Christine M. Korsgaard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christine M. Korsgaard presents a compelling new view of humans' moral relationships to the other animals. She defends the claim that we are obligated to treat all sentient beings as what Kant called "ends-in-themselves". Drawing on a theory of the good derived from Aristotle, she offers an explanation of why animals are the sorts of beings for whom things can be good or bad. She then turns to Kant's argument for the value of humanity to show that rationality commits us to claiming the standing of ends-in-ourselves, in two senses. Kant argued that as autonomous beings, we claim to be ends-in-ourselves when we claim the standing to make laws for ourselves and each other. Korsgaard argues that as beings who have a good, we also claim to be ends-in-ourselves when we take the things that are good for us to be good absolutely and so worthy of pursuit. The first claim commits us to joining with other autonomous beings in relations of moral reciprocity. The second claim commits us to treating the good of every sentient creature as something of absolute importance. Korsgaard argues that human beings are not more important than the other animals, that our moral nature does not make us superior to the other animals, and that our unique capacities do not make us better off than the other animals. She criticizes the "marginal cases" argument and advances a new view of moral standing as attaching to the atemporal subjects of lives. She criticizes Kant's own view that our duties to animals are indirect, and offers a non-utilitarian account of the relation between pleasure and the good. She also addresses a number of directly practical questions: whether we have the right to eat animals, experiment on them, make them work for us and fight in our wars, and keep them as pets; and how to understand the wrong that we do when we cause a species to go extinct.

The Evolutionary Biology of Species

Author : Timothy G. Barraclough
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198749740
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolutionary Biology of Species by : Timothy G. Barraclough

Download or read book The Evolutionary Biology of Species written by Timothy G. Barraclough and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-07-04 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Species' are central to understanding the origin and dynamics of biological diversity; explaining why lineages split into multiple distinct species is one of the main goals of evolutionary biology. However the existence of species is often taken for granted, and precisely what is meant by species and whether they really exist as a pattern of nature has rarely been modelled or critically tested. This novel book presents a synthetic overview of the evolutionary biology of species, describing what species are, how they form, the consequences of species boundaries and diversity for evolution, and patterns of species accumulation over time. The central thesis is that species represent more than just a unit of taxonomy; they are a model of how diversity is structured as well as how groups of related organisms evolve. The author adopts an intentionally broad approach, stepping back from the details to consider what species constitute, both theoretically and empirically, and how we detect them, drawing on a wealth of examples from microbes to multicellular organisms.

The Distribution of Species

Author : Michael Bright
Publisher : Heinemann-Raintree Library
ISBN 13 : 9781432916541
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis The Distribution of Species by : Michael Bright

Download or read book The Distribution of Species written by Michael Bright and published by Heinemann-Raintree Library. This book was released on 2008-10-02 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Draws on case studies and scientific theories to explore the different ways changes in the distributions of the species on Earth have been studied throughout history.

Endangered Species

Author : Edward P. Weber
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1440836574
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Endangered Species by : Edward P. Weber

Download or read book Endangered Species written by Edward P. Weber and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses primary documents as a lens through which to examine historical and present-day efforts to protect endangered species in the United States and around the world. In this thought-provoking work, author Edward P. Weber examines the values, policies, challenges, and approaches to endangered species conservation over the past 200 years. Using primary source documents and in-depth analysis of the issues, the reference tracks the evolution of species protection and conservation in the United States, and offers a brief look at global programs in the United States and other parts of the world. The book surveys how different countries are faring in protecting their plant and animal life, and considers which guidelines and programs hold the most promise for success in the future. Chapters compare and contrast past and present attitudes regarding endangered species and extinction and identify the influence of major organizations and individuals central to the debate over endangered species. Judiciously selected primary documents also explore the impact of species endangerment and loss on natural ecosystems—and ultimately, on humankind itself.