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What Happens When A Country Does Not Adjust To Terms Of Trade Shocks
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Book Synopsis What Happens when a Country Does Not Adjust to Terms of Trade Shocks? by : Ali Zafar
Download or read book What Happens when a Country Does Not Adjust to Terms of Trade Shocks? written by Ali Zafar and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis using a quantitative methodology to decompose responses to shocks shows that Gabons adjustment to adverse movements in the terms and trade from 1980 to 2000 was considerably weak in terms of three performance indicators import intensity, economic compression, and nonoil export promotion. While the economys growth rate was respectable, Gabonese policymakers postponed adjustment by resorting to considerable borrowing during this period. While there was some decrease in import intensity from 1987 to 1990 and 1996 to 2000, as well as slight nonoil export diversification from 1996 to 2000, the government borrowed from commercial banks and donors, causing its external debt/GDP ratio to increase from 30 percent of GDP in 1970-76 to 80 percent in 1999. To pay the debt service, it currently has to maintain large primary surpluses. Only since 1996 has there been significant fiscal retrenchment and a freezing of government wages"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Macroeconomic and Sectoral Effects of Terms-of-Trade Shocks by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Macroeconomic and Sectoral Effects of Terms-of-Trade Shocks written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-10-01 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the impact of long-run terms-of-trade shocks. Analytically, we show that, if capital goods are largely importable or the labor supply is sufficiently elastic, then natural-resource booms increase aggregate investment and worsen the current account, but Dutch ‘Disease’ effects are weak. We then examine 18 oil-exporting developing countries during 1965-89. Favorable terms-of-trade shocks increase investment and (especially government) consumption, but reduce medium-term savings; hence, the current account deteriorates. Nontradable output increases, in response to real appreciations, but Dutch Disease effects are strikingly absent. Investment, consumption, and nontradable output respond more to a terms-of-trade decline than to an increase.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Management in Adjustment Lending by : Jayati Datta Mitra
Download or read book Fiscal Management in Adjustment Lending written by Jayati Datta Mitra and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes the World Bank's experience with fiscal management in 250 adjustment operations in 86 countries. It examines the fiscal records in a sample of 26 countries grouped by region, portfolio characteristics, and economic traits. The study confirms that fiscal deficit reduction is associated with improved external balances and economic growth and that it takes sustained, long-term effort, and continual vigilance against reversals. Fiscal mismanagement, not exogenous shocks, was the principal cause of persistent budget deficits. The study offers the following recommendations for the Bank and its borrowers:1) Estimate the level of the sustainable deficit and provide guidelines for achieving it in Bank economic and sector work and adjustment lending. 2) Improve sequencing of tax reform. 3) Consider explicitly the role of the state and the appropriate mix of public/private provision of services in recommending public expenditure reform. 4) Include poverty alleviation and equity objectives in public expenditure reform. 5) Build adequate monitoring and performance indicators for both tax and expenditure reforms. 6) Enhance Bank-Fund coordination, in support of the Fund's lead role in giving fiscal advice, by strengthening the Bank's ability to analyze taxes and expenditures.
Book Synopsis Economic Co-Operation in the Gulf by : A. Ibrahim Badr-el-din
Download or read book Economic Co-Operation in the Gulf written by A. Ibrahim Badr-el-din and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With global concerns over rising oil prices, this book examines the major issues facing the economies of the Arab Gulf today, covering all six of the Arab Gulf Cooperation Council (AGCC) states: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Providing a detailed account of the central features of the economies of the Arab Gulf, this book draws out the critical trends that will shape the region in future years. It includes an in-depth analysis of topical issues such as the AGCC monetary union, intra-AGCC national labour movement, Islamic banking and programme.
Book Synopsis After the Washington Consensus: Restarting Growth and Reform in Latin America by :
Download or read book After the Washington Consensus: Restarting Growth and Reform in Latin America written by and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the nature of the economic policy agenda that the region should be pursuing after the better part of a decade that was punctuated by crises, achieved disappointingly slow growth, and saw no improvement in the region's highly skewed income distribution. Diagnoses the first-generation (liberalizing and stabilizing) reforms that are still lacking, the complementary second-generation (institutional) reforms that are necessary to provide the institutional infrastructure of a market economy with an egalitarian bias, and the new initiatives that are needed to crisis-proof the economies of the region to end its perpetual series of crises.
Book Synopsis Structural Adjustment Reconsidered by : David E. Sahn
Download or read book Structural Adjustment Reconsidered written by David E. Sahn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-08-13 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this 1998 study the authors isolate the effect of specific policy measures associated with adjustment programs in ten African countries.
Book Synopsis Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Mr.Alexander W. Hoffmaister
Download or read book Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Mr.Alexander W. Hoffmaister and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-07-01 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sources of macroeconomic fluctuations in sub–Saharan African are examined by comparing the CFA franc countries with the non–CFA franc countries. External shocks, especially terms of trade shocks, appear to have a greater influence on fluctuations of output and the real exchange rate in CFA franc countries. This result does not appear to be associated with differences in the economic structure but may reflect the fixed exchange rate regime, which does not (partially) buffer these countries from external shocks. Macroeconomic fluctuations in non–CFA franc countries are similar to those in other developing countries, particularly in Latin America.
Book Synopsis After the Washington Consensus by : Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski
Download or read book After the Washington Consensus written by Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-26 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a successor of sorts to the Institute's 1986 volume Toward Renewed Economic Growth in Latin America, which blazed the trail for the market-oriented economic reforms that were adopted in Latin America in the subsequent years. It again presents the work of a group of leading Latin American economists who were asked to think about the nature of the economic policy agenda that the region should be pursuing after a decade that was punctuated by crises, achieved disappointingly slow growth, and saw no improvement in the region's highly skewed income distribution. The study diagnoses the first-generation (liberalizing and stabilizing) reforms that are still lacking, the complementary second-generation (institutional) reforms that are necessary to provide the institutional infrastructure of a market economy with an egalitarian bias, and the new initiatives that are needed to crisis-proof the economies of the region to end its perpetual series of crises. Contributors: Daniel Artana, Nancy Birdsall, Roberto Bouzas, Saúl Keifman, Pedro-Pablo Kuczynski, Ricardo López Murphy, Claudio de Moura Castro, Fernando Navajas, Patricio Navia, Liliana Rojas-Suarez, Jaime Saavedra, Miguel Székely, Andrés Velasco, John Williamson, and Laurence Wolff.
Book Synopsis The Mexico Competitiveness Report 2009 by :
Download or read book The Mexico Competitiveness Report 2009 written by and published by World Economic Forum. This book was released on with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reinvigorating Growth in Developing Countries by : Ms.Sharmini Coorey
Download or read book Reinvigorating Growth in Developing Countries written by Ms.Sharmini Coorey and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-08-13 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the links between adjustment policies and growth in a small group of developing countries- Bangladesh, Chile, Ghana, India, Mexico, Morocco, Senegal, and Thailand - during 1970 -93. It provides an overview of the adjustment and growth experience, examines in depth several policy issues of particular interest, and distills the principal policy lessons for the design of adjustment policies.
Book Synopsis Weathering the Storm So Far by : Mr.Paolo Dudine
Download or read book Weathering the Storm So Far written by Mr.Paolo Dudine and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2006-07-01 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the impact of the 2003-05 oil price increase on the balance of payments positions and IMF financing needs of low-income country oil importers. It finds that stronger exports reflecting favorable global conditions, a compression of oil import volumes due to the pass-through of world prices to domestic consumers, and a large increase in capital inflows helped low-income countries cope with the oil price shock. Preliminary data suggest that reductions in oil import volumes have not harmed growth. While fiscal balances generally improved, quasi-fiscal liabilities may be building. Lower demand for IMF assistance may reflect broader trends, but further oil price increases could put pressure on additional countries in 2006 and beyond.
Download or read book The CFA Franc Zone written by Ali Zafar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an empirical analysis of economic and political structures impacting the CFA franc zone. Concise and practical chapters explore the history of the CFA franc zone, challenges to development, geopolitical issues, the importance of flexible exchanges rates, growth trends, and the impact of the Covid crisis. Policy reform is examined to detail economic approaches that could reduce poverty and increase the quality of life within the area. This book aims to present a macroeconomic and exchange rate framework to promote development and post-Covid recovery within the CFA franc zone. It will be of interest to students, researchers, and policymakers involved in African economics, the political economy, and development economics.
Book Synopsis Deep Roots of Fiscal Behavior by : Mr.Serhan Cevik
Download or read book Deep Roots of Fiscal Behavior written by Mr.Serhan Cevik and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the determinants of fiscal policy behavior and its time-varying volatility, using panel data for a broad set of advanced and emerging market economies during the period 1990–2012. The empirical results show that discretionary fiscal policy is influenced by policy inertia, the level of public debt, and the output gap in both advanced and emerging market economies. In addition, the paper finds that macro-financial factors—such as real exchange rate, financial development, interest rates, asset prices, and natural resource rents—and demographic and institutional factors—such as the old-age dependency ratio, the quality of institutions, and policy anchors such as fiscal rules and IMF-supported stabilization programs—tend to have a significant effect on fiscal policy behavior. The results also indicate that higher government debt leads to more volatile fiscal behavior, while fiscal rules and higher institutional quality reduce the volatility of fiscal policy over time.
Book Synopsis Macroeconomic Reforms and Growth in Africa by : Lawrence Bouton
Download or read book Macroeconomic Reforms and Growth in Africa written by Lawrence Bouton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technical Change and Economic Growth by : George M. Korres
Download or read book Technical Change and Economic Growth written by George M. Korres and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological change is not only a determinant of growth but is also a pivotal factor in international competition and the modernization of an economy. In one of the most in-depth and detailed studies of its kind, George Korres analyzes the macroeconomic and the microeconomic factors influencing the economics of innovation and the economic relations between technology, innovation, knowledge and productivity. In particular, this book examines both the theoretical framework and the applications for empirical results. This second edition contributes updated figures and estimations for technical change from EU member states and features new subjects, including growth models, productivity models, production function models and non-parametric models. In one of the most in-depth and detailed studies of its kind, this book captures all the existing contemporary techniques in the theoretical fields as well as the empirical applications of the models.
Book Synopsis Technical Change and Economic Growth by : Mr George M Korres
Download or read book Technical Change and Economic Growth written by Mr George M Korres and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological change is not only a determinant of growth but is also a pivotal factor in international competition and the modernization of an economy. In one of the most in-depth and detailed studies of its kind, George Korres analyzes the macroeconomic and the microeconomic factors influencing the economics of innovation and the economic relations between technology, innovation, knowledge and productivity. In particular, this book examines both the theoretical framework and the applications for empirical results. This second edition contributes updated figures and estimations for technical change from EU member states and features new subjects, including growth models, productivity models, production function models and non-parametric models. In one of the most in-depth and detailed studies of its kind, this book captures all the existing contemporary techniques in the theoretical fields as well as the empirical applications of the models.
Book Synopsis The Dollarization Debate by : Dominick Salvatore
Download or read book The Dollarization Debate written by Dominick Salvatore and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a global approach by discussing one of today's most controversial topics in business; dollarization. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the formation of the Euro, many countries are debating whether or not a common currency is in their best interest.
