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What Do Wage Differentials Tell Us About Labor Market Discrimination
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Book Synopsis What Do Wage Differentials Tell Us about Labor Market Discrimination? by : June O'Neill
Download or read book What Do Wage Differentials Tell Us about Labor Market Discrimination? written by June O'Neill and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the extent to which non-discriminatory factors can explain observed wage gaps between racial and ethnic minorities and whites, and between women and men. In general we find that differences in productivity-related factors account for most of the between group wage differences in the year 2000. Determinants of wage gaps differ by group. Differences in schooling and in skills developed in the home and in school, as measured by test scores, are of central importance in explaining black/white and Hispanic/white wage gaps among both women and men. Immigrant assimilation is an additional factor for Asians and workers from Central and South America. The sources of the gender gap are quite different, however. Gender differences in schooling and cognitive skills as measured by the AFQT are quite small and explain little of the pay gap. Instead the gender gap largely stems from choices made by women and men concerning the amount of time and energy devoted to a career, as reflected in years of work experience, utilization of part-time work, and other workplace and job characteristics.
Book Synopsis Women, Work, and Wages by : National Research Council
Download or read book Women, Work, and Wages written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1981-02-01 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to determine whether methods of job analysis and classification currently used are biased by traditional sex stereotypes or other factors, a committee assessed formal systems of job evaluation and other methods currently employed in the private and public sectors for establishing the comparability of jobs and their levels of compensation. A review of sociological and economic literature shows that some differences in the characteristics of workers and in jobs do form a legitimate basis for wage differentials. Nevertheless, there exists a pervasiveness of occupational and job segregation by sex. Given the current operation of the labor market and the existence of a variety of factors that permit the persistence of earning differentials between men and women (e.g., labor market segmentation, job segregation, and employment practices), it would seem that intentional and unintentional discriminatory elements enter into the determination of wages and are not likely to disappear. Use of a job evaluation system is one possible remedy to this situation. While the subjectivity of job evaluation makes job evaluations less than perfect vehicles for resolving pay disputes, they can serve to identify potential wage discrimination. (MN)
Book Synopsis The Declining Importance of Race and Gender in the Labor Market by : June E. O'Neill
Download or read book The Declining Importance of Race and Gender in the Labor Market written by June E. O'Neill and published by AEI Press. This book was released on 2012-12-16 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Declining Importance of Race and Gender in the Labor Market provides historical background on employment discrimination and wage discrepancies in the United States and on government efforts to address employment discrimination
Book Synopsis Product Market Structure and Labor Market Discrimination by : John S. Heywood
Download or read book Product Market Structure and Labor Market Discrimination written by John S. Heywood and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2006-06-01 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measures the relationship between market competition and the treatment of women, minorities, and the disabled in the workplace.
Book Synopsis Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Labor Market by : Daniel Borowczyk-Martins
Download or read book Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Labor Market written by Daniel Borowczyk-Martins and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Labor Economics by : Orley Ashenfelter
Download or read book Labor Economics written by Orley Ashenfelter and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This four-volume set deals with labour economics. It is part of the Elgar series entitled The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics. It contains 80 articles, dating from 1958 to 1992.
Book Synopsis Sex Discrimination in the Labor Market by : Joni Hersch
Download or read book Sex Discrimination in the Labor Market written by Joni Hersch and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2006 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women have made huge advances relative to men in the labor force, occupational status, and educational attainment, but women continue to earn less than men. While the gender pay gap has narrowed, a substantial gap remains. Sex Discrimination in the Labor Market examines sources of this pay disparity and the factors that contribute to this gap. Whether sex discrimination plays a role in the gender pay gap is a topic of considerable debate. Many researchers question the role of discrimination and attribute the residual pay gap to gender differences in preferences, especially with respect to balancing work with family responsibilities. Sex Discrimination in the Labor Market shows that sex discrimination contributes to the unexplained gender pay gap, which is consistent with high profile sex discrimination litigation suggesting continuing bias in the labor market on the basis of sex.
Book Synopsis Sex Discrimination in the Labour Market by : Richard Perlman
Download or read book Sex Discrimination in the Labour Market written by Richard Perlman and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Some Models of Racial Discrimination in the Labor Market by : Kenneth Joseph Arrow
Download or read book Some Models of Racial Discrimination in the Labor Market written by Kenneth Joseph Arrow and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised text of lectures analysing economic models designed to study employment discrimination against Blacks effected through wage differentials in the USA. References.
Book Synopsis Gender Pay Differentials by : B. Mahy
Download or read book Gender Pay Differentials written by B. Mahy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-26 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides new evidence on the magnitude and sources of pay inequalities between women and men in European countries and New Zealand on the basis of micro data. Particular attention is devoted to job access and workplace practices, promotions and wage growth, sectoral affiliation and rent-sharing, and unobserved heterogeneity and dynamics.
Book Synopsis Race and Gender Discrimination Across Urban Labor Markets by : Sasha Kedzierski
Download or read book Race and Gender Discrimination Across Urban Labor Markets written by Sasha Kedzierski and published by Socialy Press. This book was released on 2017-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and gender differentials in the labour market remain stubbornly persistent. Although the black/white wage gap appeared to be converging rapidly during the 1960s and early 1970s, black/white male wages have now stagnated for almost two decades. The black/ white female wage gap has actually risen over the past 15 years. The Hispanic/white wage gap has risen among both males and females in recent years. Not until the late 1970s did it begin to converge steadily (although a significant gender gap still exists). Of course, these wage gaps are only the most visible form of differences in labour market outcomes by race and gender. Substantial differences in labour force participation, unemployment rates, occupational location, non-wage compensation, job characteristics and job mobility all exist by both race and sex. Among women, white women's wages have risen steadily since 1980. Black women's wages almost reached parity with white women in the 1970s, but have diverged again in the last 15 years, as black women have experienced little wage growth. Wages and unemployment rates are often affected by overall labour force participation rates, which have changed dramatically over time. Moreover, racial minorities suffer disproportionately from lower wages because they are more likely than whites to have minority co-workers. Focusing attention on broad, aggregate industries or occupations will miss racial inequality resulting from processes that occur at the job level. This compendium is designed to provide an introduction into the literature that analyses these differences. This book investigates differentials by race and gender in the urban labour markets. It attempts to summarise some of the most important research studies relating to race and gender in the labour markets. Black-white earnings differentials are analysed that includes a treatment of differences in the ratios of employment to population. Earnings by ethnicity are also discussed. This book will be of interest to students and researchers related to fields of sociology, gender studies and urban studies.
Book Synopsis Labor Market Discrimination, Labor Mobility and Compensating Wage Differentials by : Orley C. Ashenfelter
Download or read book Labor Market Discrimination, Labor Mobility and Compensating Wage Differentials written by Orley C. Ashenfelter and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Discrimination in Labor Markets by : Orley Ashenfelter
Download or read book Discrimination in Labor Markets written by Orley Ashenfelter and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-03-08 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains revised versions of the papers presented in 1971 at the Princeton University Conference on Discrimination in Labor Markets, and the formal discussions of them. This paper is by Kenneth Arrow, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, who lays the theoretical foundations of the economic analysis of discrimination in labor markets. Finis Welch discusses the relationship between schooling and labor market discrimination. Orley Ashenfelter's paper presents a method for estimating the effect of an important institution—trade unionism—on the wages of black workers relative to whites. Ronald Oaxaca provides a framework for measuring the extent of discrimination against women. Finally, Phyllis Wallace examines public policy on discrimination and suggests strategies for public policy in this area. Originally published in 1974. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Book Synopsis Intersectionality and Discrimination by : Roger White
Download or read book Intersectionality and Discrimination written by Roger White and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1989, Kimberlé Crenshaw coined the term “intersectionality” to describe the interdependent and overlapping systems of discrimination and disadvantage that result from the interconnected nature of social categorizations. These categories include, but are not limited to, disability, gender identity, nationality, race, and socioeconomic class. In recent years, we have witnessed increased societal interest in the notion of equal economic, political, and social rights. This has commonly manifested in a desire for equality of opportunity (i.e., social justice). This book applies an intersectional approach to examine a specific facet of inequality – namely, the presence and magnitude of wage discrimination in the U.S. labor market. This book accomplishes several objectives. It introduces intersectional analysis for readers who are unfamiliar with the topic. The book identifies intersectional wage discrimination for a large number of worker groups that are defined by multiple intersecting identities (i.e., the personal characteristics of Hispanic ethnicity, nativity, race, and sex). It also documents variation in wage differentials both between worker groups (i.e., contemporaneously) and within groups (i.e., intertemporally). Finally, given the policy relevance of our topic, it is fitting that the final chapter is devoted to corresponding conclusions.
Book Synopsis Race and Gender Discrimination across Urban Labor Markets by : Susanne Schmitz
Download or read book Race and Gender Discrimination across Urban Labor Markets written by Susanne Schmitz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study, first published in 1996, investigates the effects that local labor market conditions may have on the economic status of women and blacks, relative to their white male counterparts. More precisely, it examines the impact that local labor market conditions have on estimates of labor market discrimination investigated in this study are wage discrimination and occupational discrimination. This title will be of interest to students of sociology, gender studies and urban studies.
Book Synopsis Comparable Worth by : National Research Council
Download or read book Comparable Worth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1985-02-01 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparable worthâ€"equal pay for jobs of equal valueâ€"has been called the civil rights issue of the 1980s. This volume consists of a committee report that sets forth an agenda of much-needed research on this issue, supported by six papers contributed by eminent social scientists. The research agenda presented is structured around two general themes: (1) occupational wage differentials and discrimination and (2) wage adjustment strategies and their impact. The papers deal with a wide range of topics, including job evaluation, social judgment biases in comparable worth analysis, the economics of comparable worth, and prospects for pay equity.
Book Synopsis Labor Market Discrimination and Racial Differences in Premarket Factors by : Pedro Carneiro
Download or read book Labor Market Discrimination and Racial Differences in Premarket Factors written by Pedro Carneiro and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines minority-white wage gaps. Neal and Johnson (1996) show that controlling for ability measured in the teenage years eliminates young adult wage gaps for all groups except for black males, for whom they eliminate 70% of the gap. Their study has been faulted because minority children and their parents may have pessimistic expectations about receiving fair rewards for their skills and so they may invest less in skill formation. If this is the case, discrimination may still affect wages, albeit indirectly, though it would appear that any racial differences in wages are due to differences in acquired traits. We find that gaps in ability across racial and ethnic groups open up at very early ages, long before child expectations are likely to become established. These gaps widen with age and schooling for Blacks, but not for Hispanics which indicates that poor schools and neighborhoods cannot be the principal factors affecting the slow black test score growth rate. Test scores depend on schooling attained at the time of the test. Adjusting for racial and ethnic differences in schooling attainment at the age the test is taken reduces the power of measured ability to shrink wage gaps for blacks, but not for other minorities. The evidence from expectations data are mixed. Although all groups are quite optimistic about future schooling outcomes, minority parents and children have more pessimistic expectations about child schooling relative to white children and their parents when their children are young. At later ages, expectations are more uniform across racial and ethnic groups. However, we also present some evidence that expectations data are unreliable and ambiguous. We also document the presence of disparities in noncognitive traits across racial and ethnic groups. These characteristics have been shown elsewhere to be important for explaining the labor market outcomes of adults. This evidence points to the importance of early (preschool) family factors and environments in explaining both cognitive and noncognitive ability differentials by ethnicity and race. Policies that foster both types of ability are far more likely to be effective in promoting racial and ethnic equality for most groups than are additional civil rights and affirmative action policies targeted at the workplace.
