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Author : Kala Krishna
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book What do voluntary export restraints do? written by Kala Krishna and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book What Do Voluntary Export Restraints Do? written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Do Exporters Gain from Voluntary Export Restraints? written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Krista Nadakavukaren Schefer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781800882317
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (823 download)
Download or read book Elgar Encyclopedia of International Economic Law written by Krista Nadakavukaren Schefer and published by . This book was released on 2025-08-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and expanded Encyclopedia is the new benchmark and flagship reference work for the study of international economic law. A comprehensive resource, its pages present the breadth of the field in a real-world context. Organized thematically rather than alphabetically, the Encyclopedia includes four significant thematic sections: the foundations, architecture and principles of international economic law; regulatory framework; regulatory areas; and regulatory challenges. Including updated and new entries, traditional international economic law topics are now supplemented by coverage of critical perspectives and a broader range of newly developing areas such as taxation, sustainability, and digitalization. Concepts and rules of trade, investment, finance, competition, and international tax law are found alongside entries examining how international economic law impacts on environmental protection, labor standards, development, and human rights. Embedded within its own legal context, each concise entry presents an accessible and condensed understanding of what it means and why it is significant. Contributors offer insight into how institutions interact with each other and other legal systems, in addition to providing individual overviews of their history, structure, principles and procedures. Entries are followed by selected references suggesting directions for further study. Completely new to this edition is an entire section of extended entries on specific jurisdictions focusing on how these contribute to and engage with international economic law. These longer pieces describe the national legal frameworks responsible for developing international policies on trade investment, financial regulation, and tax, offering insight into how international rules actually work at the national level. Key Features: Concise, structured entries from top experts and new voices in the field Organised thematically, covering newly developing areas of international economic law Selected references for further study
Author : Jaime De Melo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Voluntary Export Restraints and Resource Allocation in Exporting Countries written by Jaime De Melo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By reducing the marginal revenue of the factors of production , a voluntary export restraint (VER) causes an exporting country's industry to contract. Efficiency losses depend on whether sales can be diverted from restricted to unrestricted markets. A VER is likely to produce a welfare loss if demand is relatively elastic and supply is not.
Author : Jaime De Melo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Do Exporters Gain from Voluntary Export Restraints? written by Jaime De Melo and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of the model developed here are a strong indictment of VERs. For most plausible parameter values, VERs redirect exports, reduce the size of industries for which countries have comparative advantage, and cause overall economic losses -- especially if the affected industry is large in the market for its factors of production.
Author : Harris, Richard G
Publisher : Kingston, Ont. : Institute for Economic Research, Queen's University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (159 download)
Download or read book Why Voluntary Export Restraints are 'voluntary' written by Harris, Richard G and published by Kingston, Ont. : Institute for Economic Research, Queen's University. This book was released on 1984 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chao-chʻeng Mai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (513 download)
Download or read book Why Voluntary Export Restraints are Voluntary written by Chao-chʻeng Mai and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jaime de Melo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Voluntary Export Restraints written by Jaime de Melo and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Voluntary Export Restraints written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kenji Fujiwara
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book When are Voluntary Export Restraints Voluntary? A Differential Game Approach written by Kenji Fujiwara and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We revisit voluntariness of voluntary export restraints (VERs) in a differential game model of duopoly with sticky prices. We show that a VER set at the free trade level has no effect on equilibrium under open-loop strategies while the same policy results in a smaller profit for the exporting firm, i.e. it is involuntary under a non-linear feedback strategy. Moreover, we prove an extended proposition of Dockner and Haug (1991) on voluntariness of VERs under a linear feedback strategy.
Author : Kala Krishna
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book What Do Voluntary Export Restraints Do? written by Kala Krishna and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper has two aims. First, to examine alternative ways of modeling VERS in imperfectly competitive markets. This is important, since the. effects of VERS are sensitive to the models used. Second, to argue that the effects of VERS also depend on whether goods are complements or Substitutes. This point is illustrated by extending the model of Krishna (1983) to allow complementary goods to be produced by domestic and foreign firms. If goods are substitutes, VERs et at free trade levels raise all profits, while if they are complements, the VERS have no effect. Thus tariffs and quotas are fundamentally non-equivalent under Bertrand duopoly when substitute goods are produced, but are equivalent when complementary goods are being produced. This is contrasted to the case of Stackelberg leadership. Th. importance of specifying the effects of any restriction on the payoff functions of agents and using this to analyze its affects on equilibrium of the game is emphasized.
Author : Carl Hamilton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Economic aspects of voluntary export restraints written by Carl Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Trade, Productivity, and Economic Growth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Legacy of the Japanese Voluntary Export Restraints written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Trade, Productivity, and Economic Growth and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Roberto A. De Santis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Why Exporting Countries Agree Voluntary Export Restraints written by Roberto A. De Santis and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stefan Lutz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Import Quotas and Voluntary Export Restraints written by Stefan Lutz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a rule, quotas and VERs harm consumers by restricting market supply while raising prices. At the same time, they generally tend to raise prices and profits of both the domestic firms and the foreign, quota-constraint firms. This is the case, since the quota acts as a facilitating device for collusion between the domestic and foreign supplier. For the same reason, no profit shifting from the foreign to the domestic firms takes place here and the burden of the quota is borne by domestic consumers. The gain to foreign producers could, in principle be appropriated by the domestic government if it decided to sell the quota rights instead of offering them for free on a first-come, first-served basis. Still the total net welfare effect for all affected countries would be negative. These results generally hold when product characteristics and quality are fixed. In the long run, when adjustments of product qualities as a response to quotas or VERs take place, cases can arise were some profit shifting would take place and foreign firms could actually be harmed by a quota or VER. While a country applying a quota may gain more, its trading partner loses more and again the net welfare effect would be negative. Given these observations, it is probably to be welcomed that quantitative restrictions have continuously been reduced in world trade during recent decades.
Author : Sabina Nüesch
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9783039117673
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (176 download)
Download or read book Voluntary Export Restraints in WTO and EU Law written by Sabina Nüesch and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2010 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initial leaps forward in international trade liberalisation were achieved under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) when trade barriers in the form of tariffs were significantly reduced or removed up until the mid-1970s. However, this advancement was counteracted by a «new protectionism» which surfaced in the oil crises and the subsequent world economic recession. The term «new» was not to indicate the novelty of protectionist tendencies regaining momentum, but instead referred to the ever more subtle instruments, deploying non-tariff barriers to trade. Among these «grey area» measures (to use GATT parlance) are the voluntary export restraints (VERs) which unfolded insidiously over the years. Whereas the proliferation of VERs has attracted abundant economic studies and political debate, it found only limited legal discussion. Despite their outright ban in the Uruguay Round (when VERs were outlawed by the Agreement on Safeguards), the rare instances where VERs have actually been challenged is clearly unrepresentative of their propagation. The aim of this thesis is to elaborate on the popularity of VERs, to examine the lack of judicial consideration afforded to them, expanding therefore on the intersection of international trade regulation with competition law, economics and international political economy.
