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Wedges Labor Market Behavior And Health Insurance Coverage Under The Affordable Care Act
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Book Synopsis Wedges, Labor Market Behavior, and Health Insurance Coverage Under the Affordable Care Act by : Trevor S. Gallen
Download or read book Wedges, Labor Market Behavior, and Health Insurance Coverage Under the Affordable Care Act written by Trevor S. Gallen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Affordable Care Act's taxes, subsidies, and regulations significantly alter terms of trade in both goods and factor markets. We use a multi-sector (intra-national) trade model to predict and quantify consequences of the Affordable Care Act for the incidence of health insurance coverage and patterns of labor usage. If and when the new exchange plans are competitive with employer-sponsored insurance (ESI), our model suggests that more than 20 million people will leave ESI as a consequence of the law. Behavioral changes that are captured in the model could add about 3 million participants to the new exchange plans: beyond those that would participate solely as the result of employer decisions to stop offering coverage and beyond those who would have been uninsured. Industries and regions will grow, decline, and change coverage on the basis of their relative demand for skilled labor.
Book Synopsis Wedges, Labor Market Behavior, and Health Insurance Coverage Under the Affordable Care Act by : T.S. Gallen
Download or read book Wedges, Labor Market Behavior, and Health Insurance Coverage Under the Affordable Care Act written by T.S. Gallen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Affordable Care Act's taxes, subsidies, and regulations significantly alter terms of trade in both goods and factor markets. The authors use an extended version of the classic Harberger model to predict and quantify consequences of the Affordable Care Act for the incidence of health insurance coverage and patterns of labour usage. If and when the new exchange plans are competitive with employer-sponsored insurance (ESI), their model predicts that more than 22 million people will leave ESI as a consequence of the law. Behavioural changes are expected to add two million participants to the new exchange plans: beyond those that would participate solely as the result of employer decisions to stop offering coverage and beyond those who would have been uninsured. They find large differences in coverage-pattern impacts based on the benefit (including tax incentives) of joining exchange plans and degree to which statutory penalties on individuals and firms are implemented. If exchange plans were not valued while the individual mandate were fully enforced, ESI could potentially even expand.
Book Synopsis Wedges, Wages, and Productivity Under the Affordable Care Act by : Casey B. Mulligan
Download or read book Wedges, Wages, and Productivity Under the Affordable Care Act written by Casey B. Mulligan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our paper documents the large labor market wedges created by taxes, subsidies, and regulations included in the Affordable Care Act. The law changes terms of trade in both goods and factor markets for firms offering health insurance coverage. We use a multi-sector (intra-national) trade model to predict and quantify consequences of the Affordable Care Act for the patterns of output, labor usage, and employee compensation. We find that the law will significantly redistribute from high-wage workers to low-wage workers and to non-workers, reduce total factor productivity about one percent, reduce per-capita labor hours about three percent (especially among low-skill workers), reduce output per capita about two percent, and reduce employment less for sectors that ultimately pay employer penalties.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Health Insurance on Young Adults' Labor Market Outcomes by : Quazi Hassan
Download or read book The Effect of Health Insurance on Young Adults' Labor Market Outcomes written by Quazi Hassan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Affordable Care Act’s dependent coverage mandate extended young adults’ parental coverage to age 26. I study the expansion’s impact on young adults’ labor market outcomes using a control function method. Following the expansion, I find dependent coverage lowered labor force participation, lowered incomes, and mixed evidence regarding labor supply.
Book Synopsis The Value of Health Insurance and Labor Supply by : Daeho Kim
Download or read book The Value of Health Insurance and Labor Supply written by Daeho Kim and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how the value of health insurance affects labor supply, exploiting a quasi-experimental change in health insurance provision - i.e., the Affordable Care Act (ACA) dependent coverage mandate implemented in 2010. Using difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity, and regression kink designs, I find no evidence of the labor market impact of the ACA dependent coverage mandate despite its substantial impact on insurance coverage for young adults. I also show that the "aging-out-at-26" condition in eligibility leads to low valuation of insurance and in turn no change in the labor supply of young adults.
Book Synopsis The Affordable Care Act and the New Economics of Part-Time Work by : Casey B. Mulligan
Download or read book The Affordable Care Act and the New Economics of Part-Time Work written by Casey B. Mulligan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) imposes several types of incentives that will affect work schedules. The largest of them are (1) an explicit penalty on employers who do not offer coverage to their full-time employees; (2) an implicit tax on full-time employment, stemming from the fact that full-time employees at employers that offer affordable coverage are ineligible to receive subsidies on the law's new health insurance exchanges; and (3) an implicit tax on earnings, stemming from the provisions of the law that give lower subsidies to those with higher incomes. The labor market will likely adjust to the various new costs by reducing weekly employment per person by about 3%. The tax incentives will push some workers to work more hours per week (for the weeks that they are on a payroll), and others to work fewer. According to the model presented in this paper, the ACA's incentives and ultimately its behavioral effects will vary substantially across groups, with the elderly experiencing hardly any new incentives and female workers being most likely to cut their work schedules to 29 hours per week.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance on Labor Market Outcomes by : Avantika Kapoor
Download or read book The Impact of Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance on Labor Market Outcomes written by Avantika Kapoor and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US does not have universal healthcare coverage for all its citizens. Instead, institutions have been cobbled together, with coverage varying from person to person. Some forms of health insurance are part of the compensation for employment, while others can be accessed whether the person is employed or not. Employers and the government provide most people their health insurance. The Affordable Care Act has mandated all employers with at least 50 full time employees to cover the health insurance of at least 95 percent of the employees. This coverage is borne as a cost by the employer. My thesis uses longitudinal data from the March Current Population Survey (CPS) conducted by the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (which includes individual-level responses to many demographic and socioeconomic questions) to estimate the impact of insurance cost by observing two sets of time periods (before the mandate is imposed and after the mandate is imposed) to study what has been the impact on variables such as wages, for people who are the heads of their households and what the variation is based on (such as race, age, level of education, and marital status).
Book Synopsis Interaction Of The Labor Market And The Health Insurance System by : Naoki Aizawa
Download or read book Interaction Of The Labor Market And The Health Insurance System written by Naoki Aizawa and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. health insurance system for working-age households is characterized not only by its heavy dependence on the labor market but also by the segregation of risk pools across its three components: employer-sponsored health insurance (ESHI), individual health insurance exchange (HIX), and Medicaid. To assess the potential efficiency loss associated with this risk pool segregation, we develop and estimate an equilibrium model of labor and health insurance markets, with rich heterogeneity across local markets, households, and firms. We estimate the model exploiting variations across states and policy environments before and after the Affordable Care Act. We use the estimated model to implement counterfactual policies that cross-subsidize between ESHI and HIX, which include pure risk pooling between the two markets as a special case. We find that such policies would benefit most households, improve average household welfare, and decrease government expenditure. Furthermore, the welfare gains are larger if the cross subsidization is interacted with Medicaid expansion.
Book Synopsis Health Insurance and the Labor Market by : Jonathan Gruber
Download or read book Health Insurance and the Labor Market written by Jonathan Gruber and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A distinctive feature of the health insurance market in the U.S. is the restriction of group insurance availability to the workplace. This has a number of important implications for the functioning of the labor market, through mobility from job-to-job or in and out of the labor force, wage determination, and hiring decisions. This paper reviews the large literature that has emerged in recent years to assess the impact of health insurance on the labor market. I begin with an overview of the institutional details relevant to assessing the interaction of health insurance and the labor market. I then present a theoretical overview of the effects of health insurance on mobility and wage/employment determination. I critically review the empirical literature on these topics, focusing in particular on the methodological issues that have been raised, and highlighting the unanswered questions which can be the focus of future work in this area.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Health Insurance Regulation and the Labor Market by : James Bailey
Download or read book Three Essays on Health Insurance Regulation and the Labor Market written by James Bailey and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation continues the tradition of identifying the unintended consequences of the US health insurance system. Its main contribution is to estimate the size of the distortions caused by the employer-based system and regulations intended to fix it, while using methods that are more novel and appropriate than those of previous work. Chapter 1 examines the effect of state-level health insurance mandates, which are regulations intended to expand access to health insurance. It finds that these regulations have the unintended consequence of increasing insurance premiums, and that these regulations have been responsible for 9-23% of premium increases since 1996. The main contribution of the chapter is that its results are more general than previous work, since it considers many more years of data, and it studies the employer-based plans that cover most Americans rather than the much less common individual plans. Whereas Chapter 1 estimates the effect of the average mandate on premiums, Chapter 2 focuses on a specific mandate, one that requires insurers to cover prostate cancer screenings. The focus on a single mandate allows a broader and more careful analysis that demonstrates how health policies spill over to affect the labor market. I find that the mandate has a significant negative effect on the labor market outcomes of the very group it was intended to help. The mandate expands the treatments health insurance covers for men over age 50, but by doing so it makes them more expensive to insure and employ. Employers respond to this added expense by lowering wages and hiring fewer men over age 50. According to the theoretical model put forward in the chapter, this suggests the mandate reduces total welfare. Chapter 3 shows that the employer-based health insurance system has deterred entrepreneurship. It takes advantage of the natural experiment provided by the Affordable Care Act's dependent coverage mandate, which de-linked insurance from employment for many 19-25 year olds. Difference-in-difference estimates show that the mandate increased self-employment among the treated group by 13-24%. Instrumental variables estimates show that those who actually received parental health insurance as a result of the mandate were drastically more likely to start their own business. This suggest that concerns over health insurance are a major barrier to entrepreneurship in the United States.
Book Synopsis Labor Market Responses to Rising Health Insurance Costs by : David M. Cutler
Download or read book Labor Market Responses to Rising Health Insurance Costs written by David M. Cutler and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increases in the cost of providing health insurance must have some effect on labor markets, either in lower wages, changes in the composition of employment, or both. Despite a presumption that most of this effect will be in the form of lower wages, we document in this paper a significant effect on work hours as well. Using data from the CPS and the SIPP, we show that rising health insurance costs over the 1980s increased the hours worked of those with health insurance by up to 3 percent. We argue that this occurs because health insurance is a fixed cost, and as it becomes more expensive to provide, firms face an incentive to substitute hours per worker for the number of workers employed.
Book Synopsis How CBO Estimates the Effects of the Affordable Care Act on the Labor Market by : Edward Harris
Download or read book How CBO Estimates the Effects of the Affordable Care Act on the Labor Market written by Edward Harris and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) will make the labor supply, measured as the total compensation paid to workers, 0.86 percent smaller in 2025 than it would have been in the absence of that law, the Congressional Budget Office estimates. Three-quarters of that decline will occur because of health insurance expansions, which raise effective tax rates on earnings from labor—for instance, by phasing out health insurance subsidies as people’s income rises—and thus reduce the amount of labor that workers choose to supply. The labor force is projected to be about 2 million full-time-equivalent workers smaller in 2025 under the ACA than it would have been otherwise. Those estimates were based mainly on CBO’s calculations of the effects of the law’s major components on marginal and average tax rates and on the agency’s analysis of research about the change in the labor supply resulting from a change in tax rates. For components of the law that were difficult to express in terms of changes in tax rates, CBO based its estimates on a review of the available literature about similar policy changes.
Book Synopsis Health-care Reform Or Labor Market Reform? by : Makoto Nakajima
Download or read book Health-care Reform Or Labor Market Reform? written by Makoto Nakajima and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Employer-Provided Health Insurance and Job Mobility by : James B. Bailey
Download or read book Employer-Provided Health Insurance and Job Mobility written by James B. Bailey and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many have argued that concerns over health insurance reduce labor market mobility in the United States, causing a “job lock” effect. We take advantage of the novel natural experiment created by the Affordable Care Act's dependent coverage mandate to estimate the magnitude of the job lock effect for young adults. Using the 2008-2013 Current Population Survey and a difference-in-difference research design, we find that the expansion of dependent coverage did not increase job mobility, suggesting that job lock is not a major concern for young adults.
Book Synopsis Health Insurance Provision and Labor Market Efficiency in the United States and Germany by : Douglas Holtz-Eakin
Download or read book Health Insurance Provision and Labor Market Efficiency in the United States and Germany written by Douglas Holtz-Eakin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health Insurance has claimed a prominent place on the policy agenda in the United States. Critics argue that the status quo has lead to spiraling health care costs, an inequitable distribution of quality medical care, and that employer-provided health insurance has "locked" individuals into jobs, thereby interfering with the efficient matching of employers and employees. In contrast to the United States, Germany guarantees virtually all citizens health insurance. Insurance is portable, but the cost may change when an individual changes jobs, again leading to the potential for job-lock. This paper assesses the empirical magnitude of health insurance-related impediments to job mobility in the United States and Germany, The results show little evidence that health insurance provision interferes with job mobility in either the United States or Germany, thus suggesting that these employer-based systems for providing the health insurance portion of the social safety net do not alter this aspect of labor market efficiency.
Book Synopsis Medicaid Expansion and the Unemployed by : Thomas C. Buchmueller
Download or read book Medicaid Expansion and the Unemployed written by Thomas C. Buchmueller and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine how a key provision of the Affordable Care Act -- the expansion of Medicaid eligibility -- affected health insurance coverage, access to care, and labor market transitions of unemployed workers. Comparing trends in states that implemented the Medicaid expansion to those that did not, we find that the ACA Medicaid expansion substantially increased insurance coverage and improved access to health care among unemployed workers. We then test whether this strengthening of the safety net affected transitions from unemployment to employment or out of the labor force. We find no meaningful statistical evidence in support of moral hazard effects that reduce job finding or labor force attachment.
Book Synopsis Informing Public Policy by : Stefanie Haeffele
Download or read book Informing Public Policy written by Stefanie Haeffele and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-04-25 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market process theory illustrates how the market is the most effective institution for overcoming the knowledge problem. Specifically, the institutional characteristics of private property, monetary prices, and the disciplining mechanisms of profit and loss, guide actors to utilize knowledge dispersed among society, to allocate resources effectively, and to adjust their behavior when errors occur to provide valuable goods and services to society. The chapters in this manuscript explore, through applications to issues within the United States and internationally, contemporary issues in public policy through the theoretical framework of knowledge problems and market process economics. Utilizing this approach, as well as other fundamental insights from economics, these chapters aim to illustrate how individuals in society address pressing public issues, the problems faced by policymakers, and the potential for novel solutions to policy challenges. Authored by individuals from a variety of disciplines with interests in public policy, this work includes discussions of education, child welfare, urban planning, and U.S. healthcare policy, as well as topics in e-commerce, the Global War on Terror, international trade, and economic development.
