Weakness of Will and Delay Discounting

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192865951
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Weakness of Will and Delay Discounting by : Nora Heinzelmann

Download or read book Weakness of Will and Delay Discounting written by Nora Heinzelmann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-10 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breaking one's dieting rule or resolution to quit smoking, procrastination, convenient lies, even the failure of entire nations to follow through with plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions or keep a pandemic in check - these phenomena have been discussed by philosophers and behavioural scientists as examples of weakness of will and delay discounting. Despite the common subject matter both fields have to date rarely worked together for mutual benefit. For the empirical literature is hardly accessible to a reader not familiar with econometric theory; and researchers in the behavioural sciences may find philosophical accounts invoking discounting models difficult to understand without inside knowledge of the debates and historical background. Nora Heinzelmann targets this lacuna by making the ideas and findings from both disciplines intelligible to outsiders. This reveals that discounting - as philosophers have conceived of it - is neither necessary nor sufficient for weakness of will, even though there is substantial overlap. Heinzelmann develops a richer descriptive account of weakness of will that is based on the empirically founded assumption that weak-willed behaviour is determined by uncertainty about whether or when a good materialises. She also explains why weakness of the will understood in this way is irrational: the agent yields to a cognitive bias that leads them to underestimate the greater good they think they ought to and can obtain. Finally, she explores practical implications for individuals and policymakers.

Weakness of Will and Delay Discounting

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192690728
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (926 download)

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Book Synopsis Weakness of Will and Delay Discounting by : Nora Heinzelmann

Download or read book Weakness of Will and Delay Discounting written by Nora Heinzelmann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-20 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breaking one's dieting rule or resolution to quit smoking, procrastination, convenient lies, even the failure of entire nations to follow through with plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions or keep a pandemic in check - these phenomena have been discussed by philosophers and behavioural scientists as examples of weakness of will and delay discounting. Despite the common subject matter both fields have to date rarely worked together for mutual benefit. For the empirical literature is hardly accessible to a reader not familiar with econometric theory; and researchers in the behavioural sciences may find philosophical accounts invoking discounting models difficult to understand without inside knowledge of the debates and historical background. Nora Heinzelmann targets this lacuna by making the ideas and findings from both disciplines intelligible to outsiders. This reveals that discounting - as philosophers have conceived of it - is neither necessary nor sufficient for weakness of will, even though there is substantial overlap. Heinzelmann develops a richer descriptive account of weakness of will that is based on the empirically founded assumption that weak-willed behaviour is determined by uncertainty about whether or when a good materialises. She also explains why weakness of the will understood in this way is irrational: the agent yields to a cognitive bias that leads them to underestimate the greater good they think they ought to and can obtain. Finally, she explores practical implications for individuals and policymakers.

Addiction and Choice

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198727224
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Addiction and Choice by : Nick Heather

Download or read book Addiction and Choice written by Nick Heather and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Views on addiction are often polarised - either addiction is a matter of choice, or addicts simply can't help themselves. But perhaps addiction falls between the two? This book contains views from philosophy, neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology, and the law exploring this middle ground between free choice and no choice.

Breakdown of Will

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521596947
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (969 download)

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Book Synopsis Breakdown of Will by : George Ainslie

Download or read book Breakdown of Will written by George Ainslie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-03-19 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that our responses to the threat of our own inconsistency determine the fabric of human culture.

Conceptual Categories and the Structure of Reality: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches

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Author :
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889457311
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptual Categories and the Structure of Reality: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches by : Paul M.W. Hackett

Download or read book Conceptual Categories and the Structure of Reality: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches written by Paul M.W. Hackett and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this eBook, Conceptual Categories and the Structure of Reality, the title very well describes the book's content. Within the book's pages a selection of academics from a variety of human behaviour, human/social science and humanities disciplines write about their research all of which can be typified by their consideration of how categories are used to structure understanding of phenomena. These authors have considered how reality may be understood through notions such as categorial and structural ontologies, part-whole relatoinships (mereology), the qualitative, quantitative and philosophical use of the facet theory approach to research, mapping sentences and declarative mapping sentence, hermeneutics, concepts and constructs, similarities and differences. The resulting collection presents the foregoing conceptual and empirical approaches to knowledge development in general (chapter 1&3 Hackett); Phillips and Wislons' review of compositional syntax in bird calls (chapter 2); neurobehavioral decision systems (chapter 4 Foxall); representations of human psychological processes (chapter 5 Juan-Miguel López-Gil; Rosa Gil; Roberto García); free associations mirroring and its relation to self- and world-related concepts (chapter 6 Martin Kuška; Radek Trnka; Aleš Antonín Kuběna; Jiří Růžička); local knowledge and going beyond the data (chapter 7 Steven Phillips); categorical etiologies of speech sound disorders (chapter 8 Kelly Farquharson); similarity of visual appearance (chapter 9 Nao Nakatsuji; Hisayasu Ihara; Takeharu Seno; Hiroshi Ito); and a consideration of the seminal writing of David Oderberg's on the categorial classification of reality (chapter 10 Hackett).

Impulsivity

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Author :
Publisher : Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN 13 : 9781433804779
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Impulsivity by : Gregory Jude Madden

Download or read book Impulsivity written by Gregory Jude Madden and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2010 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impulsivity explores the basis for the seemingly universal tendency to devalue rewards or punishments that are not immediately available. When confronted with any number of modern impulsive behaviorssuch as drug use, pathological gambling, marital infidelity, and gluttonyindividuals have a choice with two outcomes: an immediate benefit, such as getting high, or a delayed or probabilistic benefit, such as health, money saved, or the satisfaction of a good life. This volume is an approachable, comprehensive overview of the behavioral science and neuroscience of these impulsive choices and their relation to delay discounting--the tendency to devalue temporally distant rewards or punishments, even though they may greatly outbalance the immediate benefit of our choices. The cutting-edge researchers who contributed to this volume have documented cross-species similarities in impulsive decision making and pioneered the neuroscience of impulsive choice. In this text they provide insights into harmless impulsive acts as well as those that dominate and destroy lives. The contributors tackle key issues such as whether impulsivity and risk taking are a trait or state; the neuroscience, neuroeconomics, and computational modeling of neural systems underlying impulsivity; and the relation between impulsivity and addictions, health decision making, altruism, and attention-deficit disorder. Theoretical debates regarding the origins of impulsivity round out this text, which will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in psychology, behavioral economics, psychopharmacology, behavioral analysis and therapy, and the science of decision making.

Weakness of Will and Practical Irrationality

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Author :
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191531456
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Weakness of Will and Practical Irrationality by : Sarah Stroud

Download or read book Weakness of Will and Practical Irrationality written by Sarah Stroud and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2003-09-04 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the many practical failures that threaten us, weakness of will or akrasia is often considered to be a paradigm of irrationality. The eleven new essays in this collection, written by an excellent international team of philosophers, some well-established, some younger scholars, give a rich overview of the current debate over weakness of will and practical irrationality more generally. Issues covered include classical questions such as the distinction between weakness and compulsion, the connection between evaluative judgement and motivation, the role of emotions in akrasia, rational agency, and the existence of the will. The also include new topics, such as group akrasia, strength of will, the nature of correct choice, the structure of decision theory, the temporality of prudential reasons, and emotional rationality. Because these questions cut across philosophy of mind and ethics, the collection will be essential reading for scholars, postgraduates, and upper-level undergraduates in both these fields.

The Weakness of the Will

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134966814
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis The Weakness of the Will by : Justin Gosling

Download or read book The Weakness of the Will written by Justin Gosling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-11 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The Urge

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Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0525561455
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis The Urge by : Carl Erik Fisher

Download or read book The Urge written by Carl Erik Fisher and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2022-01-25 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Named a Best Book of the Year by The New Yorker and The Boston Globe An authoritative, illuminating, and deeply humane history of addiction—a phenomenon that remains baffling and deeply misunderstood despite having touched countless lives—by an addiction psychiatrist striving to understand his own family and himself “Carl Erik Fisher’s The Urge is the best-written and most incisive book I’ve read on the history of addiction. In the midst of an overdose crisis that grows worse by the hour and has vexed America for centuries, Fisher has given us the best prescription of all: understanding. He seamlessly blends a gripping historical narrative with memoir that doesn’t self-aggrandize; the result is a full-throated argument against blaming people with substance use disorder. The Urge is a propulsive tour de force that is as healing as it is enjoyable to read.” —Beth Macy, author of Dopesick Even after a decades-long opioid overdose crisis, intense controversy still rages over the fundamental nature of addiction and the best way to treat it. With uncommon empathy and erudition, Carl Erik Fisher draws on his own experience as a clinician, researcher, and alcoholic in recovery as he traces the history of a phenomenon that, centuries on, we hardly appear closer to understanding—let alone addressing effectively. As a psychiatrist-in-training fresh from medical school, Fisher was soon face-to-face with his own addiction crisis, one that nearly cost him everything. Desperate to make sense of the condition that had plagued his family for generations, he turned to the history of addiction, learning that the current quagmire is only the latest iteration of a centuries-old story: humans have struggled to define, treat, and control addictive behavior for most of recorded history, including well before the advent of modern science and medicine. A rich, sweeping account that probes not only medicine and science but also literature, religion, philosophy, and public policy, The Urge illuminates the extent to which the story of addiction has persistently reflected broader questions of what it means to be human and care for one another. Fisher introduces us to the people who have endeavored to address this complex condition through the ages: physicians and politicians, activists and artists, researchers and writers, and of course the legions of people who have struggled with their own addictions. He also examines the treatments and strategies that have produced hope and relief for many people with addiction, himself included. Only by reckoning with our history of addiction, he argues—our successes and our failures—can we light the way forward for those whose lives remain threatened by its hold. The Urge is at once an eye-opening history of ideas, a riveting personal story of addiction and recovery, and a clinician’s urgent call for a more expansive, nuanced, and compassionate view of one of society’s most intractable challenges.

The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111846818X
Total Pages : 773 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning by : Frances K. McSweeney

Download or read book The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Operant and Classical Conditioning written by Frances K. McSweeney and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This combined survey of operant and classical conditioning provides professional and academic readers with an up-to-date, inclusive account of a core field of psychology research, with in-depth coverage of the basic theory, its applications, and current topics including behavioral economics. Provides comprehensive coverage of operant and classical conditioning, relevant fundamental theory, and applications including the latest techniques Features chapters by leading researchers, professionals, and academicians Reviews a range of core literature on conditioning Covers cutting-edge topics such as behavioral economics

Choice Over Time

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Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610443659
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Choice Over Time by : George Loewenstein

Download or read book Choice Over Time written by George Loewenstein and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1992-10-27 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of our most urgent national problems suggest a widespread lack of concern for the future. Alarming economic conditions, such as low national savings rates, declining corporate investment in long-term capital projects, and ballooning private and public debt are matched by such social ills as diminished educational achievement, environmental degradation, and high rates of infant mortality, crime, and teenage pregnancy. At the heart of all these troubles lies an important behavioral phenomenon: in the role of consumer, manager, voter, student, or parent, many Americans choose inferior but immediate rewards over greater long-term benefits. Choice Over Time offers a rich sampling of original research on intertemporal choice—how and why people decide between immediate and delayed consequences—from a broad range of theoretical and methodological perspectives in philosophy, political science, psychology, and economics. George Loewenstein, Jon Elster, and their distinguished colleagues review existing theories and forge new approaches to understanding significant questions: Why do people seem to "discount" future benefits? Do individuals use the same decision-making strategy in all aspects of their lives? What part is played by situational factors such as the certainty of delayed consequences? How are decisions affected by personal factors such as willpower and taste? In addressing these issues, the contributors to Choice Over Time address many social, economic, psychological, and personal time problems. Their work demonstrates the predictive power of short-term preferences in behavior as varied as addiction and phobia, the effect of prices on consumption, and the dramatic rise in debt and decline in savings. Choice Over Time provides an essential source for the most recent research and theory on intertemporal choice, offering new models for time preference patterns—and their aberrations—and presenting a diversity of potential solutions to the problem of "temporal myopia."

Sein und Sollen

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783957437082
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Sein und Sollen by : Georgios Karageorgoudis

Download or read book Sein und Sollen written by Georgios Karageorgoudis and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Der Band setzt sich zum Ziel, das Verhältnis von Sein und Sollen aus ontologischer, logischer, moral- und sprachphilosophischer sowie rechtswissenschaftlicher Perspektive weiter zu analysieren. Im Zentrum steht die provokative These David Humes, wonach prinzipiell nicht vom Sein auf das Sollen bzw. nicht von deskriptiven auf normative Aussagen geschlossen werden darf. Die Konsequenzen aus Humes These sind aus ethischer und meta-ethischer Perspektive überaus problematisch. Denn da der Bereich des Deskriptiven nach Hume allein die Domäne der Vernunft ist, diese aber im Bereich des Normativen keine Geltung beanspruchen kann, stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie moralische Normen überhaupt rational begründet werden können. Diese skeptische Konsequenz der Hume'schen Unterscheidung soll im Rahmen des Bandes aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven betrachtet und zugleich kritisch analysiert werden.

The Science of Self-Control

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674042514
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Self-Control by : Howard Rachlin

Download or read book The Science of Self-Control written by Howard Rachlin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a new science of self-control based on the principles of behavioral psychology and economics. Claiming that insight and self-knowledge are insufficient for controlling one's behavior, Howard Rachlin argues that the only way to achieve such control--and ultimately happiness--is through the development of harmonious patterns of behavior. Most personal problems with self-control arise because people have difficulty delaying immediate gratification for a better future reward. The alcoholic prefers to drink now. If she is feeling good, a drink will make her feel better. If she is feeling bad, a drink will make her feel better. The problem is that drinking will eventually make her feel worse. This sequence--the consistent choice of a highly valued particular act (such as having a drink or a smoke) that leads to a low-valued pattern of acts--is called "the primrose path." To avoid it, the author presents a strategy of "soft commitment," consisting of the development of valuable patterns of behavior that bridge over individual temptations. He also proposes, from economics, the concept of the substitutability of "positive addictions," such as social activity or exercise, for "negative addictions," such as drug abuse or overeating. Self-control may be seen as the interaction with one's own future self. Howard Rachlin shows that indeed the value of the whole--of one's whole life--is far greater than the sum of the values of its individual parts.

The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Science of Addiction

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317423410
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Science of Addiction by : Hanna Pickard

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Science of Addiction written by Hanna Pickard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of addiction is one of the major challenges and controversies confronting medicine and society. It also poses important and complex philosophical and scientific problems. What is addiction? Why does it occur? And how should we respond to it, as individuals and as a society? The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Science of Addiction is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems and debates in this exciting subject. It spans several disciplines and is the first collection of its kind. Organised into three clear parts, forty-five chapters by a team of international contributors examine key areas, including: the meaning of addiction to individuals conceptions of addiction varieties and taxonomies of addiction methods and models of addiction evolution and addiction history, sociology and anthropology population distribution and epidemiology developmental processes vulnerabilities and resilience psychological and neural mechanisms prevention, treatment and spontaneous recovery public health and the ethics of care social justice, law and policy. Essential reading for students and researchers in addiction research and in philosophy, particularly philosophy of mind and psychology and ethics, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy and Science of Addiction will also be of great interest to those in related fields, such as medicine, mental health, social work, and social policy.

Internet Gaming Disorder

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128129255
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Internet Gaming Disorder by : Daniel King

Download or read book Internet Gaming Disorder written by Daniel King and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internet Gaming Disorder: Theory, Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention is an informative and practical introduction to the topics of Internet gaming disorder and problematic gaming. This book provides mental health clinicians with hands-on assessment, prevention, and treatment techniques for clients with problematic gaming behaviors and Internet gaming disorder. It provides an overview of the existing research on epidemiology, risk and protective factors, and discusses the distinct cognitive features that distinguish gaming from gambling and other related activities and disorders. Clinicians will find interest in discussion of the latest developments in cognitive-behavioral approaches to gaming disorder as well as the best structure for clinical interviews. Included in clinical sections are details of the key indicators of harm and impairment associated with problem gaming and how these might present in clinical cases. Internet Gaming Disorder is strongly evidence-based, draws extensively upon the latest international research literature, and provides insights into the likely future developments in this emerging field both in terms of technological development and new research approaches. Discusses the conceptual basis of Internet gaming disorder as a behavioral addiction Provides screening approaches for measuring excessive gaming Details a structured clinical interview approach for assessing gaming disorder Provides evidence-based clinical strategies for prevention and treatment Covers cognitive behavioral therapy and harm reduction strategies

Behavioral Economics and Public Health

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019939833X
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Behavioral Economics and Public Health by : Christina A. Roberto

Download or read book Behavioral Economics and Public Health written by Christina A. Roberto and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2016 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral economics has potential to offer novel solutions to some of today's most pressing public health problems: How do we persuade people to eat healthy and lose weight? How can health professionals communicate health risks in a way that is heeded? How can food labeling be modified to inform healthy food choices? Behavioral Economics and Public Health is the first book to apply the groundbreaking insights of behavioral economics to the persisting problems of health behaviors and behavior change. In addition to providing a primer on the behavioral economics principles that are most relevant to public health, this book offers details on how these principles can be employed to mitigating the world's greatest health threats, including obesity, smoking, risky sexual behavior, and excessive drinking. With contributions from an international team of scholars from psychology, economics, marketing, public health, and medicine, this book is a trailblazing new approach to the most difficult and important problems of our time.

Self-Control, Decision Theory, and Rationality

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108349676
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Control, Decision Theory, and Rationality by : José Luis Bermúdez

Download or read book Self-Control, Decision Theory, and Rationality written by José Luis Bermúdez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking about self-control takes us to the heart of practical decision-making, human agency, motivation, and rational choice. Psychologists, philosophers, and decision theorists have all brought valuable insights and perspectives on how to model self-control, on different mechanisms for achieving and strengthening self-control, and on how self-control fits into the overall cognitive and affective economy. Yet these different literatures have remained relatively insulated from each other. Self-Control, Decision Theory, and Rationality brings them into dialog by focusing on the theme of rationality. It contains eleven newly written essays by a distinguished group of philosophers, psychologists, and decision theorists, together with a substantial introduction, collectively offering state-of-the-art perspectives on the rationality of self-control and the different mechanisms for achieving it.