Water Security: Big Data-Driven Risk Identification, Assessment and Control of Emerging Contaminants

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443141711
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Water Security: Big Data-Driven Risk Identification, Assessment and Control of Emerging Contaminants by : Bin Liang

Download or read book Water Security: Big Data-Driven Risk Identification, Assessment and Control of Emerging Contaminants written by Bin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Security: Big Data-Driven Risk Identification, Assessment and Control of Emerging Contaminants contains the latest information on big data–driven risk detection and analysis, risk assessment and environmental health effect, intelligent risk control technologies, and global control strategy of emerging contaminants. First, this book highlights advances and challenges throughout the detection of emerging chemical contaminants (e.g., antimicrobials, microplastics) by sensors or mass spectrometry, as well as emerging biological contaminant (e.g., ARGs, pathogens) by a combination of next- and third-generation sequencing technologies in aquatic environment. Second, it discusses in depth the ecological risk assessment and environmental health effects of emerging contaminants. Lastly, it presents the most up-to-date intelligent risk management technologies. This book shares instrumental global strategy and policy analysis on how to control emerging contaminants. Offering interdisciplinary and global perspectives from experts in environmental sciences and engineering, environmental microbiology and microbiome, environmental informatics and bioinformatics, intelligent systems, and knowledge engineering, this book provides an accessible and flexible resource for researchers and upper level students working in these fields. Covers the detection, high-throughput analyses, and environmental behavior of the typical emerging chemical and biological contaminants Focuses on chemical and biological big data driven aquatic ecological risk assessment models and techniques Highlights the intelligent management and control technologies and policies for emerging contaminants in water environments

Water Safety, Security and Sustainability

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030760081
Total Pages : 725 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis Water Safety, Security and Sustainability by : Ashok Vaseashta

Download or read book Water Safety, Security and Sustainability written by Ashok Vaseashta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-14 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on threats, especially contaminants, to drinking water and the supply system, especially in municipalities but also in industrial and even residential settings. The safety, security, and suitability landscape can be described as dynamic and complex stemming from necessity and hence culpability due to the emerging threats and risks, vis-a-vis globalization resulting in new forms of contaminants being used due to new technologies. The book provides knowledge and guidance for engineers, scientists, designers, researchers, and students who are involved in water, sustainability, and study of security issues. This book starts out with basics of water usage, current statistics, and an overview ofwater resources. The book then introduces different scenarios of safety and security and areas that researchers need to focus. Following that, the book presents different types of contaminants – inadvertent, intentional, or incidental. The next section presents different methodologies of contamination sensing/detection and remediation strategies as per guidance and standards set globally. The book then concludes with selected chapters on water management, including critical infrastructure that is critical to maintaining safe water supplies to cities and municipalities. Each chapter includes descriptive information for professionals in their respective fields. The breadth of chapters offers insights into how science (physical, natural, and social) and technology can support new developments to manage the complexity resident within the evolving threat and risk landscape.

Global Change and Future Earth

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316772039
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Change and Future Earth by : Tom Beer

Download or read book Global Change and Future Earth written by Tom Beer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Change and Future Earth is derived from the work of several programs of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). It demonstrates how multi- and inter-disciplinary research outputs from the geoscience community can be applied to tackle the physical and societal impacts of climate change and contribute to the Future Earth programme of the International Council for Science. The volume brings together an international team of eminent researchers to provide authoritative reviews on the wide-ranging ramifications of climate change spanning eight key themes: planetary issues; geodetic issues; the Earth's fluid environment; regions of the Earth; urban environments; food security; and risk, safety and security; and climate change and global change. Covering the challenges faced by urban and rural areas, and in both developed and developing counties, this volume provides an important resource for a global audience of graduate students and researchers from a broad range of disciplines, as well as policy advisors and practitioners.

Urban Water Security: Managing Risks

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203881621
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Urban Water Security: Managing Risks by : Blanca Jimenez Cisneros

Download or read book Urban Water Security: Managing Risks written by Blanca Jimenez Cisneros and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the impacts of urbanization on the urban water cycle and managing the associated health risks demand adequate strategies and measures. Health risks associated with urban water systems and services include the microbiological and chemical contamination of urban waters and outbreak of water-borne diseases, mainly due to poor water and s

The United Nations world water development report 2018

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Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231002643
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The United Nations world water development report 2018 by : WWAP

Download or read book The United Nations world water development report 2018 written by WWAP and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-26 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Engineering for Sustainable Development

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Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231004379
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering for Sustainable Development by : International Centre for Engineering Education

Download or read book Engineering for Sustainable Development written by International Centre for Engineering Education and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report highlights the crucial role of engineering in achieving each of the 17 SDGs. It shows how equal opportunities for all is key to ensuring an inclusive and gender balanced profession that can better respond to the shortage of engineers for implementing the SDGs. It provides a snapshot of the engineering innovations that are shaping our world, especially emerging technologies such as big data and AI, which are crucial for addressing the pressing challenges facing humankind and the planet. It analyses the transformation of engineering education and capacity-building at the dawn of the Fourth Industrial Revolution that will enable engineers to tackle the challenges ahead. It highlights the global effort needed to address the specific regional disparities, while summarizing the trends of engineering across the different regions of the world.

Computational Science - ICCS 2007

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540725830
Total Pages : 1310 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Science - ICCS 2007 by : Yong Shi

Download or read book Computational Science - ICCS 2007 written by Yong Shi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-18 with total page 1310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation The four-volume set LNCS 4487-4490 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2007, held in Beijing, China in May 2007. More than 2400 submissions were made to the main conference and its 35 topical workshops. The 80 revised full papers and 11 revised short papers of the main track were carefully reviewed and selected from 360 submissions and are presented together with 624 accepted workshop papers in four volumes. According to the ICCS 2007 theme "Advancing Science and Society through Computation" the papers cover a large volume of topics in computational science and related areas, from multiscale physics, to wireless networks, and from graph theory to tools for program development. The papers are arranged in topical sections on efficient data management, parallel monte carlo algorithms, simulation of multiphysics multiscale systems, dynamic data driven application systems, computer graphics and geometric modeling, computer algebra systems, computational chemistry, computational approaches and techniques in bioinformatics, computational finance and business intelligence, geocomputation, high-level parallel programming, networks theory and applications, collective intelligence for semantic and knowledge grid, collaborative and cooperative environments, tools for program development and analysis in CS, intelligent agents in computing systems, CS in software engineering, computational linguistics in HCI, internet computing in science and engineering, workflow systems in e-science, graph theoretic algorithms and applications in cs, teaching CS, high performance data mining, mining text, semi-structured, Web, or multimedia data, computational methods in energy economics, risk analysis, advances in computational geomechanics and geophysics, meta-synthesis and complex systems, scientific computing in electronics engineering, wireless and mobile systems, high performance networked media and services, evolution toward next generation internet, real time systems and adaptive applications, evolutionary algorithms and evolvable systems.

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Culture, Design and Social Development (CDSD 2022)

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 2384760181
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (847 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Culture, Design and Social Development (CDSD 2022) by : Mohd Fauzi bin Sedon M. Dom

Download or read book Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Culture, Design and Social Development (CDSD 2022) written by Mohd Fauzi bin Sedon M. Dom and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-02 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access book. Culture is the spiritual activity and product of human society relative to economy and politics. The traditional concept of human beings believes that culture is a social phenomenon, a product created by human beings for a long time, and at the same time a historical phenomenon, which is the accumulation of human society and history. The technical, economical and cultural nature of art design determines that only with high social and economic development can art and culture flourish. Art design is the product of the combination of art and technology. Art design is also a kind of productivity, which promotes the development of social economy. As a driving factor for social and economic development, design art will also better serve the social economy with its own more perfect operating system. The 2nd International Conference on Culture, Design and Social Development (CDSD 2022) was held in Nanjing from December 2 to 4, 2022. The purpose of the conference is to provide an international platform for experts, scholars, engineers and technicians, and technical R&D personnel engaged in related fields such as "culture", "design" and "social development", to share scientific research results, broaden research ideas, collide with new ideas, and strengthen academic research, and to explore the key challenges and research directions faced by the development of this field, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements. Experts, scholars, business people and other relevant personnel from universities and research institutions at home and abroad are cordially invited to attend and exchange.

Assessment Framework for Urban Water Security

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Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 3737609608
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (376 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessment Framework for Urban Water Security by : Hassan Tolba Aboelnga

Download or read book Assessment Framework for Urban Water Security written by Hassan Tolba Aboelnga and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban water security is crucial for achieving sustainable development, peace, and human health and well-being. Framing urban water security is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainty of its definition and assessment framework. Several studies have assessed water security in widely divergent ways by granting priority indicators equal weight without considering or adapting to local conditions. This dissertation develops a new urban water security definition and assessment framework applicable to water scarce cities, with a focus on Madaba, Jordan. It takes a novel and systematic approach to assessing urban water security and culminates in integrated urban water security index (IUWSI) as a diagnostic tool and guide management actions. The dissertation suggests a new working definition of urban water security based on the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 on safe drinking water for all and the human rights on water and sanitation as follows: The dynamic capacity of water systems and stakeholders to safeguard sustainable and equitable access to water of adequate quantity and acceptable quality that is continuously, physically and legally available at an affordable cost for sustaining livelihoods, human well-being and socioeconomic development, ensuring protection against waterborne pollution and water-related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability. This proposed definition captures issues at the urban level of technical, environmental and socioeconomic indicators that emphasize credibility, legitimacy and salience. The assessment framework establishes a criteria hierarchy, consisting of four main dimensions to achieve urban water security: drinking water and human well-being, ecosystem, climate change and water-related hazards and socioeconomic aspects (together, DECS). The framework enables the analysis of relationships and trade-offs between urbanization, water security and DECS indicators. The dissertation also provides a structured analysis to understand how urban water is managed in intermittent water supply system, by conducting a water balance analysis after quantifying the components of water losses in Madaba’s water distribution network. The findings showed that Madaba's non-revenue water (NRW) amounted to annual loss of about 3.5 million m3, corresponding to financial losses of 2.8 million USD to the utility, of which 1.7 million USD is the cost of real losses. The dissertation provided an intervention strategy for strengthening infrastructure resilience and reducing leakage via the infrastructure, repair, economic, awareness and pressure (IREAP) framework. The IREAP framework provides a robust strategy to shift intermittent water supply (IWS) into continuous water supply. The IUWSI highlighted the state of water security in Madaba, Jordan and identified the means of implementation to move towards achieving urban water security based on the priorities for Madaba. The drinking water and human wellbeing dimension was the most important priority, receiving a weight of 66.22%, followed by ecosystem (17.15%), socioeconomic aspects (10.18%), and climate change and water-related hazards (6.45%) dimensions. The IUWSI indicated that the urban water security in Madaba is reasonable with a score of 2.5/5 and can meet the minimum requirements in several dimensions, but nonetheless, it has many loopholes to cover. Gaps are clear in the climate change and water-related hazards, and socioeconomic dimensions with scores of 1.6/5 and 2.237/5 respectively. Additionally, specific shortcomings are found in indicators such as water availability, reliability, diversity, and public health. The IUWSI framework assists with a rational and evidence-based decision-making process, which is important for enhancing water resource management in water-scarce cities

Summary of Activities of the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives for the ... Congress

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Summary of Activities of the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives for the ... Congress by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science

Download or read book Summary of Activities of the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives for the ... Congress written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The United Nations world water development report 2020

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Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231003712
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The United Nations world water development report 2020 by : UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme

Download or read book The United Nations world water development report 2020 written by UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-23 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2020 edition of the WWDR, titled 'Water and Climate Change' illustrates the critical linkages between water and climate change in the context of the broader sustainable development agenda. Supported by examples from across the world, it describes both the challenges and opportunities created by climate change, and provides potential responses - in terms of adaptation, mitigation and improved resilience - that can be undertaken by enhancing water resources management, attenuating water-related risks, and improving access to water supply and sanitation services for all in a sustainable manner. It addresses the interrelations between water, people, environment and economics in a changing climate, demonstrating how climate change can be a positive catalyst for improved water management, governance and financing to achieve a sustainable and prosperous world for all. The report provides a fact-based, water-focused contribution to the knowledge base on climate change. It is complementary to existing scientific assessments and designed to support international political frameworks, with the goals of helping the water community tackle the challenges of climate change, and informing the climate change community about the opportunities that improved water management offers in terms of adaptation and mitigation.

Smart Sustainable Cities of the Future

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319739816
Total Pages : 660 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Smart Sustainable Cities of the Future by : Simon Elias Bibri

Download or read book Smart Sustainable Cities of the Future written by Simon Elias Bibri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-24 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended to help explore the field of smart sustainable cities in its complexity, heterogeneity, and breadth, the many faces of a topical subject of major importance for the future that encompasses so much of modern urban life in an increasingly computerized and urbanized world. Indeed, sustainable urban development is currently at the center of debate in light of several ICT visions becoming achievable and deployable computing paradigms, and shaping the way cities will evolve in the future and thus tackle complex challenges. This book integrates computer science, data science, complexity science, sustainability science, system thinking, and urban planning and design. As such, it contains innovative computer–based and data–analytic research on smart sustainable cities as complex and dynamic systems. It provides applied theoretical contributions fostering a better understanding of such systems and the synergistic relationships between the underlying physical and informational landscapes. It offers contributions pertaining to the ongoing development of computer–based and data science technologies for the processing, analysis, management, modeling, and simulation of big and context data and the associated applicability to urban systems that will advance different aspects of sustainability. This book seeks to explicitly bring together the smart city and sustainable city endeavors, and to focus on big data analytics and context-aware computing specifically. In doing so, it amalgamates the design concepts and planning principles of sustainable urban forms with the novel applications of ICT of ubiquitous computing to primarily advance sustainability. Its strength lies in combining big data and context–aware technologies and their novel applications for the sheer purpose of harnessing and leveraging the disruptive and synergetic effects of ICT on forms of city planning that are required for future forms of sustainable development. This is because the effects of such technologies reinforce one another as to their efforts for transforming urban life in a sustainable way by integrating data–centric and context–aware solutions for enhancing urban systems and facilitating coordination among urban domains. This timely and comprehensive book is aimed at a wide audience across science, academia industry, and policymaking. It provides the necessary material to inform relevant research communities of the state–of–the–art research and the latest development in the area of smart sustainable urban development, as well as a valuable reference for planners, designers, strategists, and ICT experts who are working towards the development and implementation of smart sustainable cities based on big data analytics and context–aware computing.

Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality

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Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241545037
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1993 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the methods used in the surveillance of drinking water quality in the light of the special problems of small-community supplies, particularly in developing countries, and outlines the strategies necessary to ensure that surveillance is effective.

Applications of Big Data Analytics

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319764721
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Applications of Big Data Analytics by : Mohammed M. Alani

Download or read book Applications of Big Data Analytics written by Mohammed M. Alani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely text/reference reviews the state of the art of big data analytics, with a particular focus on practical applications. An authoritative selection of leading international researchers present detailed analyses of existing trends for storing and analyzing big data, together with valuable insights into the challenges inherent in current approaches and systems. This is further supported by real-world examples drawn from a broad range of application areas, including healthcare, education, and disaster management. The text also covers, typically from an application-oriented perspective, advances in data science in such areas as big data collection, searching, analysis, and knowledge discovery. Topics and features: Discusses a model for data traffic aggregation in 5G cellular networks, and a novel scheme for resource allocation in 5G networks with network slicing Explores methods that use big data in the assessment of flood risks, and apply neural networks techniques to monitor the safety of nuclear power plants Describes a system which leverages big data analytics and the Internet of Things in the application of drones to aid victims in disaster scenarios Proposes a novel deep learning-based health data analytics application for sleep apnea detection, and a novel pathway for diagnostic models of headache disorders Reviews techniques for educational data mining and learning analytics, and introduces a scalable MapReduce graph partitioning approach for high degree vertices Presents a multivariate and dynamic data representation model for the visualization of healthcare data, and big data analytics methods for software reliability assessment This practically-focused volume is an invaluable resource for all researchers, academics, data scientists and business professionals involved in the planning, designing, and implementation of big data analytics projects. Dr. Mohammed M. Alani is an Associate Professor in Computer Engineering and currently is the Provost at Al Khawarizmi International College, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Dr. Hissam Tawfik is a Professor of Computer Science in the School of Computing, Creative Technologies & Engineering at Leeds Beckett University, UK. Dr. Mohammed Saeed is a Professor in Computing and currently is the Vice President for Academic Affairs and Research at the University of Modern Sciences, Dubai, UAE. Dr. Obinna Anya is a Research Staff Member at IBM Research – Almaden, San Jose, CA, USA.

Urban Water Security

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119131731
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Urban Water Security by : Robert C. Brears

Download or read book Urban Water Security written by Robert C. Brears and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 21st Century, the world will see an unprecedented migration of people moving from rural to urban areas. With global demand for water projected to outstrip supply in the coming decades, cities will likely face water insecurity as a result of climate change and the various impacts of urbanisation. Traditionally, urban water managers have relied on large-scale, supply-side infrastructural projects to meet increased demands for water; however, these projects are environmentally, economically and politically costly. Urban Water Security argues that cities need to transition from supply-side to demand-side management to achieve urban water security. This book provides readers with a series of in-depth case studies of leading developed cities, of differing climates, incomes and lifestyles from around the world, that have used demand management tools to modify the attitudes and behaviour of water users in an attempt to achieve urban water security. Urban Water Security will be of particular interest to town and regional planners, water conservation managers and policymakers, international companies and organisations with large water footprints, environmental and water NGOs, researchers, graduate and undergraduate students.

Persistent Organic Pollutants

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000488306
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Persistent Organic Pollutants by : Kanchan Kumari

Download or read book Persistent Organic Pollutants written by Kanchan Kumari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-17 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that resist environmental degradation and cause deleterious effects on the environment and human wellbeing. Once released into the environment they can travel long distances and persist for longer duration. This book highlights the complex area of POPs in simple language and deals with the fundamentals of the chemicals, their sources, and impacts on human health. The book also unfolds several other aspects like new and advanced analytical detection methods, gaps in management, effectiveness of the Stockholm convention, and the role of the global monitoring plan on POPs for crucial and holistic understanding about POPs. It also investigates how to minimize the impact of POPs and the major gaps and challenges in sound management of POPs. With its comprehensive approach, this book is an indispensable source of knowledge for those studying and working to mitigate the effect of POPs in the environment.

Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309471699
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders.