Water Sanitation And Child Health Evidence From Subnational Panel Data In 59 Countries

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Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries

Author : Headey, Derek D.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries by : Headey, Derek D.

Download or read book Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries written by Headey, Derek D. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2018-08-24 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) investments are widely seen as essential for improving health in early childhood. However, the experimental literature on WASH interventions identifies inconsistent impacts on child health outcomes, with relatively robust impacts on diarrhea and other symptoms of infection, but weak and varying impacts on child nutrition. In contrast, observational research exploiting cross-sectional variation in water and sanitation access is much more sanguine, finding strong associations with diarrhea prevalence, mortality and stunting. In practice, both literatures suffer from significant methodological limitations. Experimental WASH evaluations are often subject to poor compliance, rural bias, and short duration of exposure, while cross-sectional observational evidence may be highly vulnerable to omitted variables bias. To overcome some of the limitations of both literatures, we construct a panel of 442 subnational regions in 59 countries with multiple Demographic Health Surveys. This large subnational panel is used to implement difference-in-difference regressions that allow us to examine whether longer term changes in water and sanitation at the subnational level predict improvements in child morbidity, mortality and nutrition. We find results that are partially consistent with both literatures. Improved water access is statistically insignificantly associated with most outcomes, although water piped into the dwelling predicts reductions in child stunting. Improvements in sanitation predict large reductions in diarrhea prevalence and child mortality, but are not associated with changes in stunting or wasting. We estimate that sanitation improvements can account for just under 10% of the decline in child mortality from 1990-2015.

Water, Sanitation and Child Health

Author : Derek Headey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis Water, Sanitation and Child Health by : Derek Headey

Download or read book Water, Sanitation and Child Health written by Derek Headey and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Evaluation of the nutrition-sensitive features of the fourth phase of Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme

Author : Berhane, Guush
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of the nutrition-sensitive features of the fourth phase of Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme by : Berhane, Guush

Download or read book Evaluation of the nutrition-sensitive features of the fourth phase of Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme written by Berhane, Guush and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study assesses progress in the implementation of the nutrition-sensitive interventions of the fourth phase of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP-4) and its impact on: (1) the pathways underpinning children’s nutritional status; and (2) the roles it plays in reducing the malign effect of seasonality on the nutritional status of women and pre-school children. The analysis is based on four rounds of household survey data, conducted in March and August 2017 (baseline) and March and August 2019 (endline). These surveys focused on households with a child less than 24 months of age (index child) and his/her mother (index mother). In 2017 and 2019, the survey teams visited more than 2,500 households in 264 kebeles in 88 PSNP woredas in the Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regions.

Water for Food Security, Nutrition and Social Justice

Author : Lyla Mehta
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315189941
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (151 download)

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Book Synopsis Water for Food Security, Nutrition and Social Justice by : Lyla Mehta

Download or read book Water for Food Security, Nutrition and Social Justice written by Lyla Mehta and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive effort to bring together Water, Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) in a way that goes beyond the traditional focus on irrigated agriculture. Apart from looking at the role of water and sanitation for human well-being, it proposes alternative and more locally appropriate ways to address complex water management and governance challenges from the local to global levels against a backdrop of growing uncertainties. The authors challenge mainstream supply-oriented and neo-Malthusian visions that argue for the need to increase the land area under irrigation in order to feed the world’s growing population. Instead, they argue for a reframing of the debate concerning production processes, waste, food consumption and dietary patterns whilst proposing alternative strategies to improve water and land productivity, putting the interests of marginalized and disenfranchized groups upfront. The book highlights how accessing water for FSN can be challenging for small-holders, vulnerable and marginalized women and men, and how water allocation systems and reform processes can negatively affect local people’s informal rights. The book argues for the need to improve policy coherence across water, land and food and is original in making a case for strengthening the relationship between the human rights to water and food, especially for marginalized women and men. It will be of great interest to practitioners, students and researchers working on water and food issues.

Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis

Author : Suresh Babu
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128204834
Total Pages : 788 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis by : Suresh Babu

Download or read book Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis written by Suresh Babu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis: Statistical Methods and Applications, Third Edition combines statistical data analysis and computer literacy, applying the results to develop policy alternatives through a series of statistical methods for real world food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty problems. The book presents the latest uses of statistical methods for policy analysis using the open source statistical environment R, in addition to having the original Stata files and applications. A new chapter on obesity brings in new datasets for analysis to effectively demonstrate the use of such data for addressing policy issues. Finally, program evaluation methods which can be directly applied to the data on food security, nutrition, poverty indicators and causal factors are included. This unique, real-world data takes the reader through a "hands-on" approach toward econometric practice whereby they can also test the effects of policy and program interventions. Further, this is the first book to explore actual data with STATA and R statistical packages that also provides a line-by-line guide to the programming and interpretation of results. Provides a fully revised and updated tome on the latest technology, assessment advances and policy insights surrounding food security Combines case-studies with data-based analysis Includes self-contained, downloadable datasets, statistical appendices, computer programs, and interpretations of the results for policy applications

Quality Unknown

Author : Richard Damania
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464814856
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Quality Unknown by : Richard Damania

Download or read book Quality Unknown written by Richard Damania and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-09-27 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water quantity—too much in the case of floods, or too little in the case of droughts—grabs public attention and the media spotlight. Water quality—being predominantly invisible and hard to detect—goes largely unnoticed. Quality Unknown: The Invisible Water Crisis presents new evidence and new data that call urgent attention to the hidden dangers lying beneath water’s surface. It shows how poor water quality stalls economic progress, stymies human potential, and reduces food production. Quality Unknown examines the effects of water quality on economic growth and finds upstream pollution lowers growth in downstream regions. It reveals that some of the most ubiquitous contaminants in water, such as nitrates and salt, have impacts that are larger, deeper, and wider than has been acknowledged. And it traces the damage to crop yields and the stark implications for food security in affected regions. An important step toward tackling the world’s water quality challenge is recognizing its scale. The world needs reliable, accurate, and comprehensive information so that policy makers can have new insights, decision making can be evidence based, and citizens can call for action. The report calls for a paradigm shift that emphasizes safer, and often more cost-effective remedies that prevent pollution by combining smarter policies with newer technologies. A key message of Quality Unknown is that such solutions exist and change is possible.

Water and Life in Tonle Sap Lake

Author : Chihiro Yoshimura
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811666326
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Water and Life in Tonle Sap Lake by : Chihiro Yoshimura

Download or read book Water and Life in Tonle Sap Lake written by Chihiro Yoshimura and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-24 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the water, wildlife, and livelihood of Tonle Sap Lake and its basin in Cambodia, the largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia. It comprehensively elucidates the processes underlying the dynamic, productive, and unique ecosystem, covering the major environmental and administrative components such as climate, water flow and storage, sediment, nutrient, flora, fauna, floating villages, management, and governance. Anthropogenic impacts including climate change on the lake are also highlighted. This book serves as a guidebook to multiple audiences, including professionals and academicians. It is beneficial to the university students and lecturers, researchers, freelancers, and policymakers in analyzing, interpreting, and taking action for the environmental conservation of the lake environment. In addition, this is the first comprehensive book on evidence-based research and policy-relevant experience and knowledge about Tonle Sap Lake. For instance, the content will assist the policymakers and researchers in setting management policies and practices, especially for large shallow lakes and developing countries. It can also be used as a textbook in environmental science and engineering at undergraduate and graduate levels worldwide in understanding and synthesizing new research directions relevant to the water environment.

Water quality in agriculture: Risks and risk mitigation

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9251380724
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Water quality in agriculture: Risks and risk mitigation by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Download or read book Water quality in agriculture: Risks and risk mitigation written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2023-09-08 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication, Water Quality in Agriculture: Risks and Risk Mitigation, emphasizes technical solutions and good agricultural practices, including risk mitigation measures suitable for the contexts of differently resourced institutions working in rural as well as urban and peri-urban settings in low- and middle-income countries. With a focus on sustainability of the overall land use system, the guidelines also cover possible downstream impacts of farm-level decisions. As each country has a range of site-specific conditions related to climate, soil and water quality, crop type and variety, as well as management options, subnational adjustments to the presented guidelines are recommended. Water Quality in Agriculture: Risks and Risk Mitigation, is intended for use by national and subnational governmental authorities, farm and project managers, extension officers, consultants and engineers to evaluate water quality data, and identify potential problems and solutions related to water quality. The presented guidelines will also be of value to the scientific research community and university students.The chapters in this publication address the following topics:Chapter 2 describes the linkages between water quality and achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and the need for water quality monitoring. Chapter 3 provides an overview of existing water quality guidelines and standards across the world, including those reliant on technological advances and stringent water quality monitoring, and others based on health-based targets, as recommended by WHO. Chapter 4 is dedicated to pathogenic threats, in particular from domestic wastewater, while the elaborated Chapter 5 targets chemical risks with significant emphasis on salinity. The interlinkages between water quality and aquaculture and water quality and livestock production are described in Chapters 6 and 7, respectively. The importance of water quality for a healthy environment and ecology is explored in Chapter 8, and further extended to watersheds and river basin scales in Chapter 9, looking at the approaches used to analyze, monitor, and manage water quality, and possible downstream impacts in their larger geographical context. Finally, Chapter 10 provides an overview of the most common and/or significant barriers and drivers of relevance for the adoption of water reuse guidelines and best practices within a given regulatory and institutional context with special attention to low- and middle-income countries.

Nanofiltration

Author : Andrea Iris Schäfer
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527824979
Total Pages : 1267 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanofiltration by : Andrea Iris Schäfer

Download or read book Nanofiltration written by Andrea Iris Schäfer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 1267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated guide to the growing field of nanofiltration including fundamental principles, important industrial applications as well as novel materials With contributions from an international panel of experts, the revised second edition of Nanofiltration contains a comprehensive overview of this growing field. The book covers the basic principles of nanofiltration including the design and characterizations of nanofiltration membranes. The expert contributors highlight the broad ranges of industrial applications including water treatment, food, pulp and paper, and textiles. The book explores photocatalytic nanofiltration reactors, organic solvent nanofiltration, as well as nanofiltration in metal and acid recovery. In addition, information on the most recent developments in the field are examined including nanofiltration retentate treatment and renewable energy-powered nanofiltration. The authors also consider the future of nanofiltration materials such as carbon- as well as polymer-based materials. This important book: Explores the fast growing field of the membrane process of nanofiltration Examines the rapidly expanding industrial sector's use of membranes for water purification Covers the most important industrial applications with a strong focus on water treatment Contains a section on new membrane materials, including carbon-based and polymer-based materials, as well as information on artificial ion and water channels as biomimetic membranes Written for scientists and engineers in the fields of chemistry, environment, food and materials, the second edition of Nanofiltration provides a comprehensive overview of the field, outlines the principles of the technology, explores the industrial applications, and discusses new materials.

Food Security and Food Safety Challenges in Venezuela

Author : Maria S. Tapia
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889743683
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Food Security and Food Safety Challenges in Venezuela by : Maria S. Tapia

Download or read book Food Security and Food Safety Challenges in Venezuela written by Maria S. Tapia and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-14 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Indian Agriculture Towards 2030

Author : Ramesh Chand
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811907633
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Indian Agriculture Towards 2030 by : Ramesh Chand

Download or read book Indian Agriculture Towards 2030 written by Ramesh Chand and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-14 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book brings together varying perspectives for transformational change needed in India’s agriculture and allied sectors. Stressing the need of thinking for a post-Green Revolution future, the book promotes approaching this change through eight broad areas, indicating the policy shifts needed to meet the challenges for the coming decade (2021-2030). The book comprises of ten contributions. Apart from the overview chapter on transformational change and the concluding chapter on pathways for 2030, there are eight thematic chapters on topics such as transforming Indian agriculture, dietary diversity for nutritive and safe food; climate crisis and risk management; water in agriculture; pests, pandemics, preparedness and biosecurity natural farming; agroecology and biodiverse futures; science, technology and innovation in agriculture; and structural reforms and governance. The writing style of these papers written by technical experts is forward-looking—not merely an analysis of what has been and why it was so, but what ought to be. This is an essential reading for those interested in agriculture, food and nutrition sectors of India, and more so their interconnectedness.

Global Nutrition Report 2014

Author : International Food Policy Research Institute
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 0896295648
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Nutrition Report 2014 by : International Food Policy Research Institute

Download or read book Global Nutrition Report 2014 written by International Food Policy Research Institute and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the 2013 Nutrition for Growth Summit in London, 96 signatories (governments, civil society organizations, donors, United Nations agencies, and businesses) agreed to support the creation of an annual report on global nutrition that would be authored by an independent expert group, in partnership with a large number of contributors. The first edition of this report, the Global Nutrition Report 2014, puts a spotlight on worldwide progress by the 193 member countries of the United Nations in improving their nutrition status, identifies bottlenecks to change, highlights opportunities for action, and contributes to strengthened nutrition accountability on country and global levels.

The State of the World's Children 2019

Author : United Nations
Publisher : United Nations
ISBN 13 : 9210046056
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of the World's Children 2019 by : United Nations

Download or read book The State of the World's Children 2019 written by United Nations and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines nutrition, providing a fresh perspective on a rapidly evolving challenge. Despite progress in the past two decades, around 200 million under-fives suffer from undernutrition. Adding to this toll is rising obesity, which affects 38 million children. All these forms of malnutrition threaten childrens development, while obesity is creating a lifelong legacy of disease. At the heart of this evolving challenge is a global shift towards modern diets that do not meet childrens nutritional requirements. The report provides unique data and analysis of malnutrition in the 21st century and outlines recommendations to put childrens needs at the heart of global and national food systems.

Explaining Child Malnutrition in Developing Countries

Author : Lisa C. Smith
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 : 0896291146
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis Explaining Child Malnutrition in Developing Countries by : Lisa C. Smith

Download or read book Explaining Child Malnutrition in Developing Countries written by Lisa C. Smith and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in three preschool children in developing countries is undernourished. Consequently, they are likely to have impaired immune systems, poor cognitive development, low productivity as adults, and susceptibility to diet-related chronic diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease later in life. Undernourished female preschoolers are likely to grow into undernourished young women who are more likely to give birth to babies who are undernourished even before they are born, thus perpetuating the intergenerational transmission of deprivation. This report sheds light on some of the main causes of child malnutrition, projects how many children are likely to be malnourished in the year 2020 given current trends, and identifies priority actions for reducing malnutrition most quickly in the coming decades.

The State of the World's Children 2009

Author : UNICEF.
Publisher : UNICEF
ISBN 13 : 9280643185
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis The State of the World's Children 2009 by : UNICEF.

Download or read book The State of the World's Children 2009 written by UNICEF. and published by UNICEF. This book was released on 2008 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having a child remains one of the biggest health risks for women worldwide. Fifteen hundred women die every day while giving birth. That's a half a million mothers every year. UNICEF's flagship publication, The State of the World's Children 2009, addresses maternal mortality, one of the most intractable problems for development work.The difference in pregnancy risk between women in developing countries and their peers in the industrialised world is often termed the greatest health divide in the world. A woman in Niger has a one in seven chance of dying during the course of her lifetime from complications during pregnancy or delivery. That's in stark contrast to the risk for mothers in America, where it's one in 4,800 or in Ireland, where it's just one in 48,000. Addressing that gap is a multidisciplinary challenge, requiring an emphasis on education, human resources, community involvement and social equality. At a minimum, women must be guaranteed antenatal care, skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetrics, and postpartum care. These essential interventions will only be guaranteed within the context of improved education and the abolition of discrimination.

WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241597906
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (979 download)

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Book Synopsis WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care by : World Health Organization

Download or read book WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care provide health-care workers (HCWs), hospital administrators and health authorities with a thorough review of evidence on hand hygiene in health care and specific recommendations to improve practices and reduce transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and HCWs. The present Guidelines are intended to be implemented in any situation in which health care is delivered either to a patient or to a specific group in a population. Therefore, this concept applies to all settings where health care is permanently or occasionally performed, such as home care by birth attendants. Definitions of health-care settings are proposed in Appendix 1. These Guidelines and the associated WHO Multimodal Hand Hygiene Improvement Strategy and an Implementation Toolkit (http://www.who.int/gpsc/en/) are designed to offer health-care facilities in Member States a conceptual framework and practical tools for the application of recommendations in practice at the bedside. While ensuring consistency with the Guidelines recommendations, individual adaptation according to local regulations, settings, needs, and resources is desirable. This extensive review includes in one document sufficient technical information to support training materials and help plan implementation strategies. The document comprises six parts.

The United Nations world water development report 2019

Author : WWAP
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9231003097
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The United Nations world water development report 2019 by : WWAP

Download or read book The United Nations world water development report 2019 written by WWAP and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2019-03-19 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to water and sanitation is internationally recognized human right. Yet more than t wo billion people lack even the most basic of services. The latest United Nations World Water Development Report, Leaving No One Behind, explores the symptoms of exclusion and investigates ways to overcome inequalities.