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Water Access Hand Hygiene And Child Health In Sub Saharan Africa
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Book Synopsis Water Access, Hand Hygiene, and Child Health in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Amy Janel Pickering
Download or read book Water Access, Hand Hygiene, and Child Health in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Amy Janel Pickering and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diarrhea is a leading cause of under-five child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, where one in eight children dies before reaching the age of five. Only 31% of the sub-Saharan Africa population has access to improved sanitation facilities, and 60% have access to improved water supply. This dissertation attempts to better understand how water access and hand hygiene affect diarrheal disease transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, with a particular focus on households with young children using non-networked water supplies. First, the relationship between household access to water and child health is quantified using data on over 100,000 households from 26 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Having to walk further to fetch water is found to be associated with child diarrhea, low height and weight, and under-five mortality. Next, field studies from Tanzania provide evidence of the role that hand hygiene plays in transmission of fecal contamination and illness. High levels of fecal bacteria on mothers' and children's hands are found to be correlated to household water quality and child illness. Third, an observational study identifies particular household activities that cause increased hand contamination. A final investigation explores the potential for waterless hand sanitizer to improve hand hygiene in highly contaminated environments with limited access to water supply.
Book Synopsis State of the world’s hand hygiene by :
Download or read book State of the world’s hand hygiene written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preventing Diarrhoea Through Better Water, Sanitation and Hygiene by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Preventing Diarrhoea Through Better Water, Sanitation and Hygiene written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In early 2013, WHO convened an expert group of scientists from 14 collaborating research institutions to update the assessment of the burden of diarrhoeal disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and to reassess the effectiveness of WASH interventions. This group considered evolving and alternative methods for assessing the burden of disease and agreed on a rigorous new approach using meta-regression. In deriving the new figures, the experts incorporated the latest data on use of improved water and sanitation with minor adjustments, and drew upon the results from two new global reviews on microbial water quality and of handwashing practices specially prepared as part of this effort. This document outlines the latest research on the burden of diarrhoea related to inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). It is based on a series of articles published in the scientific literature. In bringing together current evidence on exposure to unsafe drinking-water, inadequate sanitation and hygiene, alongside the most up-to-date analysis on the health impacts of interventions, this document contributes to informed policymaking and targeting of resources. It underscores how further progress can be achieved in this unfinished global water and sanitation and health agenda.
Book Synopsis Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in schools by : United Nations Children's Fund
Download or read book Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in schools written by United Nations Children's Fund and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2020-08-10 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water : 2015 Update and MDG Assessment by :
Download or read book Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water : 2015 Update and MDG Assessment written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-10-02 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite significant progress in water and sanitation much still remains to be done. This report shows how the world has changed since 1990. It provides an assessment of progress towards the MDG target and insight into the remaining challenges. Section A provides an overview of progress against the parameters specified in the MDG target for water and sanitation in both urban and rural areas. It presents data for the world as a whole and compares progress across regions. The report goes on to examine trends over the MDG period by region and by level of service. It pays particular attention to the numbers of people who have gained the highest level of service in drinking water supply - piped water on premises - and those with no service at all who use surface water for drinking and practice open defecation. In order to understand the nature of progress it is important to look carefully at the way improvements in water and sanitation have benefited different socioeconomic groups. This report sheds light on equality gaps between urban and rural dwellers and between the richest and poorest segments of the population. It presents several new ways to visualize progress on extending service to the poor designed to reveal the nature of inequalities and give the reader insight into the great challenge that still exists in ensuring that progress reaches everyone. The JMP was established in 1990 and is celebrating its Jubilee Year in 2015. Section B provides a retrospective analysis of the evolution of water sanitation and hygiene monitoring over the past 25 years.
Book Synopsis Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2020 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2020 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-09-13 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sanitation and Hygiene in Africa: Where do We Stand? by : Piers Cross
Download or read book Sanitation and Hygiene in Africa: Where do We Stand? written by Piers Cross and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Third African Sanitation and Hygiene Conference was held in Kigali, Rwanda in July 2011. It was hosted by the Government of the Republic of Rwanda, and the African Ministers Council on Water. The meeting attracted extraordinary interest: over 1000 people registered and nearly 900 people attended from a total of 67 countries, including representatives of 42 African countries. The content of AfricaSan 3 was aligned with the needs of countries as defined in country preparation meetings which took place in advance. AfricaSan 3 looked to address the country needs and to commitments and country action planning. Different groups (ministers, civil society, local government, utilities, and donors) committed to actions to support the goals of AfricaSan. The goal of the AfricaSan process is to support countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goal, (MDG) for sanitation and hygiene. This book is freely available to download electronically from the IWA Publishing site Sanitation and Hygiene in Africa: Where do We Stand? takes stock of progress made by African countries through the AfricaSan process since 2008 and the progress needed to meet the MDG on sanitation by 2015 and beyond. This book addresses priorities which have been identified by African countries as the key elements which need to be addressed in order to accelerate progress. • Reviews progress on implementing the eThekwini Declaration to meet the MDG for sanitation and progress generally in Africa. It analyses what is needed to accelerate the rate of access to sanitation in Africa. • Shares advances in the evidence base on sanitation and hygiene in Africa to be able to assist decision-makers to overcome key blockages in implementing large-scale sanitation and hygiene programs. • Raises the profile of sanitation and hygiene as a determinant of sustainable development in order to strengthen leadership and advocacy for sustained sanitation and behavior changes. This book is essential reading for government staff from Ministries responsible for sanitation, sector stakeholders working in NGOs, CSOs and agencies with a focus on sanitation and hygiene and water and Sanitation specialists. It is also suitable for Masters courses in water and sanitation and for researchers and the donor community.
Book Synopsis Household Sanitation Services in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Michael Robert Harris
Download or read book Household Sanitation Services in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Michael Robert Harris and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large global health burden has been attributed to a lack of adequate sanitation access. Approximately 2.3 billion people still lacked access to basic sanitation services, a private flush toilet or improved latrine, as of 2015. There remains limited evidence on the effectiveness of shared sanitation facilities for protecting child health. Furthermore, while much research has focused on child health outcomes associated with sanitation improvements, the valuation of non-health benefits has often been neglected. Within this dissertation, I examine household sanitation service options, notably basic and limited sanitation (improved latrines and flush toilets shared by 2 or more households) with regards to child health outcomes and overall benefit values. I also consider the role of community sanitation coverage in child health and drinking water quality as compared to household sanitation access in rural Mali. In Chapter 1, I found the level of sanitation access of surrounding households was more important than private latrine access for protecting water quality and child health. In Chapter 2, I examine the associations between sharing of sanitation facilities and child health outcomes via a combination of matching techniques. Limited and basic sanitation households were not significantly different in stunting prevalence, although basic sanitation indicated greater potential benefits when compared to open defecation and unimproved sanitation. In Chapter 3, I quantify the costs and benefits of basic and limited sanitation options in urban Uganda. Sanitation benefits were an estimated 24 percent of rental value for basic sanitation and 16 percent for limited sanitation shared between 2 and 4 households. The overall benefits and costs in urban settings indicate a potential role for both limited and basic sanitation in increasing sanitation coverage despite minimal health benefits at the household level.
Book Synopsis COVID-19 prevention measures in Ethiopia: Current realities and prospects by : Baye, Kaleab
Download or read book COVID-19 prevention measures in Ethiopia: Current realities and prospects written by Baye, Kaleab and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immediately after the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Ethiopia in March 2020, the Government of Ethiopia took several public health measures to prevent increased levels of infection These included closing all schools and restricting large gatherings and movements of people. Hand-washing and social distancing were the main prevention measures that government has communicated to the general public through various media platforms. Using the latest round of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, COVID-19 relevant indicators related to household access to communication platforms; access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); and characteristics of the home environment were assessed. The analysis shows that a sizeable proportion of the rural population does not have access to the media platforms used to publicize COVID-19 prevention measures. Moreover, without aggressive interventions, current levels of access to water and soap are suboptimal to adopt the hand-washing recommendations, particularly in rural areas. The low proportion of households with electricity, refrigeration, or internet connection and the relatively high prevalence of partner violence suggest that implementing the stay and work from home measures will be challenging. Public health measures that slow down the transmission of the virus should be continued and efforts to prevent transmission to rural areas should be prioritized. Communication platforms and messaging will need to be adapted to different local realities to make any COVID-19 containment recommendations operational. WASH-related support should be ramped-up, and addressing barriers to staying at home, such as the risk of partner violence, should be considered. The efforts needed to end the current pandemic in Ethiopia, as well as similar pandemics in the future, illuminates the serious challenges related to WASH and to the inequalities between rural and urban areas that need urgent attention.
Book Synopsis The Relevance of Hygiene to Health in Developing Countries by : Natasha Potgieter
Download or read book The Relevance of Hygiene to Health in Developing Countries written by Natasha Potgieter and published by . This book was released on 2019-04-03 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are 17 comprehensive and detailed Sustainable Development Goals, which are all interlinked. Although access to water, sanitation, and hygiene is a human right, billions of people in developing countries are still faced with daily challenges accessing even the most basic of services, specifically the poor and vulnerable in communities. Hygiene is an important aspect for women/girls to access the economic, educational, and social opportunities they deserve. Proper hygiene removes disease as a barrier for equality, economic growth, and more. The role of hygiene in water, sanitation, and infections must be addressed from both scientific and social perspectives. This book provides the reader with an analysis of hygiene behaviors and practices and provides evidence-based examples in a number of developing countries.
Book Synopsis Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Dean T. Jamison
Download or read book Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current data and trends in morbidity and mortality for the sub-Saharan Region as presented in this new edition reflect the heavy toll that HIV/AIDS has had on health indicators, leading to either a stalling or reversal of the gains made, not just for communicable disorders, but for cancers, as well as mental and neurological disorders.
Book Synopsis Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in schools by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in schools written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-07-29 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Child Health Implications of Privatizing Africas Urban Water Supply by : Katrina Kosec
Download or read book The Child Health Implications of Privatizing Africas Urban Water Supply written by Katrina Kosec and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2013-05-10 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying policies which can improve water sector management is critically important given the global burden of water-related disease. Each year, 1 in 10 child deathsroughly 800,000 in totalis the direct result of diarrhea. Can private-sector participation (PSP) in the urban piped water sector improve child health? The author uses child-level data from 39 African countries during 19862010 to show that introducing PSP decreases diarrhea among urban dwelling children under five years of age by 5.6 percentage points, or 35 percent of its mean prevalence. PSP also leads to greater reliance on piped water. To attribute causality, the author exploits time variation in the private water market share controlled by African countries former colonizers. A placebo analysis reveals that PSP does not affect symptoms of respiratory illness in the same children, nor does it affect a rural control group unaffected by PSP.
Book Synopsis Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2022 by : United Nations Children's Fund
Download or read book Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2022 written by United Nations Children's Fund and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2024-07-09 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries by : Headey, Derek D.
Download or read book Water, sanitation and child health: Evidence from subnational panel data in 59 countries written by Headey, Derek D. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2018-08-24 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) investments are widely seen as essential for improving health in early childhood. However, the experimental literature on WASH interventions identifies inconsistent impacts on child health outcomes, with relatively robust impacts on diarrhea and other symptoms of infection, but weak and varying impacts on child nutrition. In contrast, observational research exploiting cross-sectional variation in water and sanitation access is much more sanguine, finding strong associations with diarrhea prevalence, mortality and stunting. In practice, both literatures suffer from significant methodological limitations. Experimental WASH evaluations are often subject to poor compliance, rural bias, and short duration of exposure, while cross-sectional observational evidence may be highly vulnerable to omitted variables bias. To overcome some of the limitations of both literatures, we construct a panel of 442 subnational regions in 59 countries with multiple Demographic Health Surveys. This large subnational panel is used to implement difference-in-difference regressions that allow us to examine whether longer term changes in water and sanitation at the subnational level predict improvements in child morbidity, mortality and nutrition. We find results that are partially consistent with both literatures. Improved water access is statistically insignificantly associated with most outcomes, although water piped into the dwelling predicts reductions in child stunting. Improvements in sanitation predict large reductions in diarrhea prevalence and child mortality, but are not associated with changes in stunting or wasting. We estimate that sanitation improvements can account for just under 10% of the decline in child mortality from 1990-2015.
Book Synopsis Progress on WASH in health care facilities 2000–2021 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book Progress on WASH in health care facilities 2000–2021 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2023-03-29 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hand Hygiene Practices in Schools by : Balwani Chingatichifwe Mbakaya
Download or read book Hand Hygiene Practices in Schools written by Balwani Chingatichifwe Mbakaya and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-27 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides essential guidance to help schools in developing countries to promote and maintain hand hygiene practices, thus reducing the prevalence of infectious diseases such as diarrhoea and respiratory infection that cause both illness and absenteeism. Discussing both the challenges that hinder hand hygiene practices and the opportunities available to promote positive behaviours, it is particularly timely since the onset of the global Covid-19 pandemic, where infection could also be passed on through the hands. Drawing on both evidence-based research and successful interventions in specific countries, the book builds to offer a best-practice manual to address this important issue. This will be ideal reading for public health and community health working in developing regions, as well as those working for NGO’s.
