Warlike And Peaceful Societies

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Warlike and Peaceful Societies

Author : Agner Fog
Publisher : Open Book Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1783744065
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (837 download)

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Book Synopsis Warlike and Peaceful Societies by : Agner Fog

Download or read book Warlike and Peaceful Societies written by Agner Fog and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are humans violent or peaceful by nature? We are both. In this ambitious and wide-ranging book, Agner Fog presents a ground-breaking new argument that explains the existence of differently organised societies using evolutionary theory. It combines natural sciences and social sciences in a way that is rarely seen. According to a concept called regality theory, people show a preference for authoritarianism and strong leadership in times of war or collective danger, but desire egalitarian political systems in times of peace and safety. These individual impulses shape the way societies develop and organise themselves, and in this book Agner argues that there is an evolutionary mechanism behind this flexible psychology. Incorporating a wide range of ideas including evolutionary theory, game theory, and ecological theory, Agner analyses the conditions that make us either strident or docile. He tests this theory on data from contemporary and ancient societies, and provides a detailed explanation of the applications of regality theory to issues of war and peace, the rise and fall of empires, the mass media, economic instability, ecological crisis, and much more. Warlike and Peaceful Societies: The Interaction of Genes and Culture draws on many different fields of both the social sciences and the natural sciences. It will be of interest to academics and students in these fields, including anthropology, political science, history, conflict and peace research, social psychology, and more, as well as the natural sciences, including human biology, human evolution, and ecology.

Warlike and Peaceful Societies

Author : Agner Fog
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781783744039
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Warlike and Peaceful Societies by : Agner Fog

Download or read book Warlike and Peaceful Societies written by Agner Fog and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are humans violent or peaceful by nature? We are both. In this ambitious and wide-ranging book, Agner Fog presents a ground-breaking new argument that explains the existence of differently organised societies using evolutionary theory. It combines natural sciences and social sciences in a way that is rarely seen. According to a concept called regality theory, people show a preference for authoritarianism and strong leadership in times of war or collective danger, but desire egalitarian political systems in times of peace and safety. These individual impulses shape the way societies develop and organise themselves, and in this book Agner argues that there is an evolutionary mechanism behind this flexible psychology. Incorporating a wide range of ideas including evolutionary theory, game theory, and ecological theory, Agner analyses the conditions that make us either strident or docile. He tests this theory on data from contemporary and ancient societies, and provides a detailed explanation of the applications of regality theory to issues of war and peace, the rise and fall of empires, the mass media, economic instability, ecological crisis, and much more. Warlike and Peaceful Societies: The Interaction of Genes and Culture draws on many different fields of both the social sciences and the natural sciences. It will be of interest to academics and students in these fields, including anthropology, political science, history, conflict and peace research, social psychology, and more, as well as the natural sciences, including human biology, human evolution, and ecology.

Warless Societies and the Origin of War

Author : Raymond Case Kelly
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780472067381
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (673 download)

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Book Synopsis Warless Societies and the Origin of War by : Raymond Case Kelly

Download or read book Warless Societies and the Origin of War written by Raymond Case Kelly and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise study using archeological and ethnographic evidence to refute current theories about the origin of war

Beyond War

Author : Douglas P. Fry
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199725055
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond War by : Douglas P. Fry

Download or read book Beyond War written by Douglas P. Fry and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A profoundly heartening view of human nature, Beyond War offers a hopeful prognosis for a future without war. Douglas P. Fry convincingly argues that our ancient ancestors were not innately warlike--and neither are we. He points out that, for perhaps ninety-nine percent of our history, for well over a million years, humans lived in nomadic hunter-and-gatherer groups, egalitarian bands where warfare was a rarity. Drawing on archaeology and fascinating recent fieldwork on hunter-gatherer bands from around the world, Fry debunks the idea that war is ancient and inevitable. For instance, among Aboriginal Australians, warfare was an extreme anomaly. Fry also points out that even today, when war seems ever present, the vast majority of us live peaceful, nonviolent lives. We are not as warlike as we think, and if we can learn from our ancestors, we may be able to move beyond war to provide real justice and security for the world.

War Before Civilization

Author : Lawrence H. Keeley
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199880700
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis War Before Civilization by : Lawrence H. Keeley

Download or read book War Before Civilization written by Lawrence H. Keeley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1997-12-18 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The myth of the peace-loving "noble savage" is persistent and pernicious. Indeed, for the last fifty years, most popular and scholarly works have agreed that prehistoric warfare was rare, harmless, unimportant, and, like smallpox, a disease of civilized societies alone. Prehistoric warfare, according to this view, was little more than a ritualized game, where casualties were limited and the effects of aggression relatively mild. Lawrence Keeley's groundbreaking War Before Civilization offers a devastating rebuttal to such comfortable myths and debunks the notion that warfare was introduced to primitive societies through contact with civilization (an idea he denounces as "the pacification of the past"). Building on much fascinating archeological and historical research and offering an astute comparison of warfare in civilized and prehistoric societies, from modern European states to the Plains Indians of North America, War Before Civilization convincingly demonstrates that prehistoric warfare was in fact more deadly, more frequent, and more ruthless than modern war. To support this point, Keeley provides a wide-ranging look at warfare and brutality in the prehistoric world. He reveals, for instance, that prehistorical tactics favoring raids and ambushes, as opposed to formal battles, often yielded a high death-rate; that adult males falling into the hands of their enemies were almost universally killed; and that surprise raids seldom spared even women and children. Keeley cites evidence of ancient massacres in many areas of the world, including the discovery in South Dakota of a prehistoric mass grave containing the remains of over 500 scalped and mutilated men, women, and children (a slaughter that took place a century and a half before the arrival of Columbus). In addition, Keeley surveys the prevalence of looting, destruction, and trophy-taking in all kinds of warfare and again finds little moral distinction between ancient warriors and civilized armies. Finally, and perhaps most controversially, he examines the evidence of cannibalism among some preliterate peoples. Keeley is a seasoned writer and his book is packed with vivid, eye-opening details (for instance, that the homicide rate of prehistoric Illinois villagers may have exceeded that of the modern United States by some 70 times). But he also goes beyond grisly facts to address the larger moral and philosophical issues raised by his work. What are the causes of war? Are human beings inherently violent? How can we ensure peace in our own time? Challenging some of our most dearly held beliefs, Keeley's conclusions are bound to stir controversy.

Cultural Selection

Author : A. Fog
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401592519
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Selection by : A. Fog

Download or read book Cultural Selection written by A. Fog and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. INTRODUCTION This book describes a new interdisciplinary theory for explaining cultural change. In contrast to traditional evolutionist theories, the present theory stresses the fact that a culture can evolve in different directions depending on its life conditions. Cultural selection theory explains why certain cultures or cultural ele ments spread, possibly at the expense of other cultures or cultural elements which then disappear. Cultural elements include social structure, traditions, religion, rituals, art, norms, morals, ideologies, ideas, inventions, knowledge, technology, etc. This theory is inspired by Charles Darwin's idea of natural selection, because cultural elements are seen as analogous to genes in the sense that they may be reproduced from generation to generation and they may undergo change. A culture may evolve because certain cultural elements are more likely to spread and be reproduced than others, analogously to a species evolving because individuals possessing certain traits are more fit than others to reproduce and transmit these traits to their offspring.

War, Peace, and Human Nature

Author : Douglas P. Fry
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190232463
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis War, Peace, and Human Nature by : Douglas P. Fry

Download or read book War, Peace, and Human Nature written by Douglas P. Fry and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-02 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The chapters in this book [posit] that humans clearly have the capacity to make war, but since war is absent in some cultures, it cannot be viewed as a human universal. And counter to frequent presumption, the actual archaeological record reveals the recent emergence of war. It does not typify the ancestral type of human society, the nomadic forager band, and contrary to widespread assumptions, there is little support for the idea that war is ancient or an evolved adaptation. Views of human nature as inherently warlike stem not from the facts but from cultural views embedded in Western thinking"--Amazon.com.

War: How Conflict Shaped Us

Author : Margaret MacMillan
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 1984856146
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (848 download)

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Book Synopsis War: How Conflict Shaped Us by : Margaret MacMillan

Download or read book War: How Conflict Shaped Us written by Margaret MacMillan and published by Random House. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is peace an aberration? The New York Times bestselling author of Paris 1919 offers a provocative view of war as an essential component of humanity. NAMED ONE OF THE TEN BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW “Margaret MacMillan has produced another seminal work. . . . She is right that we must, more than ever, think about war. And she has shown us how in this brilliant, elegantly written book.”—H.R. McMaster, author of Dereliction of Duty and Battlegrounds: The Fight to Defend the Free World The instinct to fight may be innate in human nature, but war—organized violence—comes with organized society. War has shaped humanity’s history, its social and political institutions, its values and ideas. Our very language, our public spaces, our private memories, and some of our greatest cultural treasures reflect the glory and the misery of war. War is an uncomfortable and challenging subject not least because it brings out both the vilest and the noblest aspects of humanity. Margaret MacMillan looks at the ways in which war has influenced human society and how, in turn, changes in political organization, technology, or ideologies have affected how and why we fight. War: How Conflict Shaped Us explores such much-debated and controversial questions as: When did war first start? Does human nature doom us to fight one another? Why has war been described as the most organized of all human activities? Why are warriors almost always men? Is war ever within our control? Drawing on lessons from wars throughout the past, from classical history to the present day, MacMillan reveals the many faces of war—the way it has determined our past, our future, our views of the world, and our very conception of ourselves.

On War

Author : Carl von Clausewitz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis On War by : Carl von Clausewitz

Download or read book On War written by Carl von Clausewitz and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

War and Peace

Author : Leo Tolstoi
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 3732632830
Total Pages : 1122 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (326 download)

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Book Synopsis War and Peace by : Leo Tolstoi

Download or read book War and Peace written by Leo Tolstoi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 1122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reproduction of the original: War and Peace by Leo Tolstoi

The Human Potential for Peace

Author : Douglas P. Fry
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis The Human Potential for Peace by : Douglas P. Fry

Download or read book The Human Potential for Peace written by Douglas P. Fry and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author shows how anthropology--with its expansive time frame and comparative orientation--can provide unique insights into the nature of war and the potential for peace. Challenging the traditional view that humans are by nature primarily violent and warlike, he argues that along with the capacity for aggression humans also possess a strong ability to prevent, limit, and resolve conflicts without violence. Raising philosophy of science issues, the author shows that cultural beliefs asserting the inevitability of violence and war can bias our interpretations, affect our views of ourselves, and may even blind us to the possibility of achieving security without war. He constructs a biosocial argument that challenges a host of commonly held assumptions. The book includes ethnographic examples from around the globe, findings from his research among the Zapotec of Mexico, and results of cross-cultural studies on warfare. In showing that conflict resolution exists across cultures and by documenting the existence of numerous peaceful societies, it demonstrates that dealing with conflict without violence is not merely a utopian dream. The book also explores several highly publicized and interesting controversies, including his critique of Margaret Mead's writings on Samoan warfare; Napoleon Chagnon's claims about the Yanomamö; and ongoing evolutionary debates about whether "hunter-gatherers" are peaceful or warlike.

Latin American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence

Author : Richard J. Chacon
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816540098
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Latin American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence by : Richard J. Chacon

Download or read book Latin American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence written by Richard J. Chacon and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking multidisciplinary book presents significant essays on historical indigenous violence in Latin America from Tierra del Fuego to central Mexico. The collection explores those uniquely human motivations and environmental variables that have led to the native peoples of Latin America engaging in warfare and ritual violence since antiquity. Based on an American Anthropological Association symposium, this book collects twelve contributions from sixteen authors, all of whom are scholars at the forefront of their fields of study. All of the chapters advance our knowledge of the causes, extent, and consequences of indigenous violence—including ritualized violence—in Latin America. Each major historical/cultural group in Latin America is addressed by at least one contributor. Incorporating the results of dozens of years of research, this volume documents evidence of warfare, violent conflict, and human sacrifice from the fifteenth century to the twentieth, including incidents that occurred before European contact. Together the chapters present a convincing argument that warfare and ritual violence have been woven into the fabric of life in Latin America since remote antiquity. For the first time, expert subject-area work on indigenous violence—archaeological, osteological, ethnographic, historical, and forensic—has been assembled in one volume. Much of this work has heretofore been dispersed across various countries and languages. With its collection into one English-language volume, all future writers—regardless of their discipline or point of view—will have a source to consult for further research. CONTENTS Acknowledgments Introduction Richard J. Chacon and Rubén G. Mendoza 1. Status Rivalry and Warfare in the Development and Collapse of Classic Maya Civilization Matt O’Mansky and Arthur A. Demarest 2. Aztec Militarism and Blood Sacrifice: The Archaeology and Ideology of Ritual Violence Rubén G. Mendoza 3. Territorial Expansion and Primary State Formation in Oaxaca, Mexico Charles S. Spencer 4. Images of Violence in Mesoamerican Mural Art Donald McVicker 5. Circum-Caribbean Chiefly Warfare Elsa M. Redmond 6. Conflict and Conquest in Pre-Hispanic Andean South America: Archaeological Evidence from Northern Coastal Peru John W. Verano 7. The Inti Raymi Festival among the Cotacachi and Otavalo of Highland Ecuador: Blood for the Earth Richard J. Chacon, Yamilette Chacon, and Angel Guandinango 8. Upper Amazonian Warfare Stephen Beckerman and James Yost 9. Complexity and Causality in Tupinambá Warfare William Balée 10. Hunter-Gatherers’ Aboriginal Warfare in Western Chaco Marcela Mendoza 11. The Struggle for Social Life in Fuego-Patagonia Alfredo Prieto and Rodrigo Cárdenas 12. Ethical Considerations and Conclusions Regarding Indigenous Warfare and Ritual Violence in Latin America Richard J. Chacon and Rubén G. Mendoza References About the Contributors Index

The Anthropology of Peace and Nonviolence

Author : Thomas Gregor
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781685856021
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis The Anthropology of Peace and Nonviolence by : Thomas Gregor

Download or read book The Anthropology of Peace and Nonviolence written by Thomas Gregor and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors focus on neglected aspects of nonviolence and peace by analyzing indigenous societies in Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Malaysia, Tanzania, and Venezuela.

A Savage Order

Author : Rachel Kleinfeld
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 1524746878
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis A Savage Order by : Rachel Kleinfeld

Download or read book A Savage Order written by Rachel Kleinfeld and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2018-11-06 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most violent places in the world today are not at war. More people have died in Mexico in recent years than in Iraq and Afghanistan combined. These parts of the world are instead buckling under a maelstrom of gangs, organized crime, political conflict, corruption, and state brutality. Such devastating violence can feel hopeless, yet some places—from Colombia to the Republic of Georgia—have been able to recover. In this powerfully argued and urgent book, Rachel Kleinfeld examines why some democracies, including our own, are crippled by extreme violence and how they can regain security. Drawing on fifteen years of study and firsthand field research—interviewing generals, former guerrillas, activists, politicians, mobsters, and law enforcement in countries around the world—Kleinfeld tells the stories of societies that successfully fought seemingly ingrained violence and offers penetrating conclusions about what must be done to build governments that are able to protect the lives of their citizens. Taking on existing literature and popular theories about war, crime, and foreign intervention, A Savage Order is a blistering yet inspiring investigation into what makes some countries peaceful and others war zones, and a blueprint for what we can do to help.

Societies of Peace

Author : Heide Göttner-Abendroth
Publisher : Inanna Publications & Education
ISBN 13 : 9780978223359
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (233 download)

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Book Synopsis Societies of Peace by : Heide Göttner-Abendroth

Download or read book Societies of Peace written by Heide Göttner-Abendroth and published by Inanna Publications & Education. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonfiction. Gender Studies. Political Science. SOCIETIES OF PEACE: MATRIARCHIES PAST PRESENT AND FUTURE, edited by Heide Goettner-Abendroth, celebrates women's largely ignored and/or invisible contribution to culture by exploring matriarchal societies that have existed in the past and that continue to exist today in certain parts of the world. Matriarchal societies, primarily shaped by women, have a non violent social order in which all living creatures are respected without the exploitation of humans, animals or nature. They are well-balanced and peaceful societies in which domination is unknown and all beings are treated equally. This book presents these largely misunderstood societies, both past and present, to the wider public, as alternative social and cultural models that promote trust, mutuality, and abundance for all.

Constant Battles

Author : Steven A. LeBlanc
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780312310905
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Constant Battles by : Steven A. LeBlanc

Download or read book Constant Battles written by Steven A. LeBlanc and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2004-08 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author argues that warfare has been a part of human existence throughout history, and considers whether humans are doomed by genetic heritage to fight each other.

What Every Person Should Know About War

Author : Chris Hedges
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1416583149
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis What Every Person Should Know About War by : Chris Hedges

Download or read book What Every Person Should Know About War written by Chris Hedges and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acclaimed New York Times journalist and author Chris Hedges offers a critical -- and fascinating -- lesson in the dangerous realities of our age: a stark look at the effects of war on combatants. Utterly lacking in rhetoric or dogma, this manual relies instead on bare fact, frank description, and a spare question-and-answer format. Hedges allows U.S. military documentation of the brutalizing physical and psychological consequences of combat to speak for itself. Hedges poses dozens of questions that young soldiers might ask about combat, and then answers them by quoting from medical and psychological studies. • What are my chances of being wounded or killed if we go to war? • What does it feel like to get shot? • What do artillery shells do to you? • What is the most painful way to get wounded? • Will I be afraid? • What could happen to me in a nuclear attack? • What does it feel like to kill someone? • Can I withstand torture? • What are the long-term consequences of combat stress? • What will happen to my body after I die? This profound and devastating portrayal of the horrors to which we subject our armed forces stands as a ringing indictment of the glorification of war and the concealment of its barbarity.