Vulnerability and Resilience of Tidal Marshes Along an Estuarine Salinity Gradient

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Vulnerability and Resilience of Tidal Marshes Along an Estuarine Salinity Gradient by : Megan Nicole Gillen

Download or read book Vulnerability and Resilience of Tidal Marshes Along an Estuarine Salinity Gradient written by Megan Nicole Gillen and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tidal marshes are coastal landforms that provide invaluable ecosystem services but are vulnerable to sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion. Processes at the marsh seaward and landward boundaries control their size and survival. At the seaward boundary, a primary cause of marsh loss is erosion. However, it is currently unknown how increased saltwater intrusion will affect erosion rates. At the landward boundary, marshes migrate into adjacent terrestrial uplands which undergo stresses from rising sea-level, expanding wetland lateral extent. This thesis assesses marsh vulnerability to saltwater intrusion by quantifying marsh erodibility and migration potential along a salinity gradient in the York River in southeastern Virginia. Because processes at the seaward and landward boundary control marsh vulnerability, this study examines interactions at both locations in the marsh to assess resiliency against sea-level rise. For the first chapter of this thesis, I measure soil shear strength as a proxy for marsh erodibility at five sites and find that freshwater marshes are weaker than salt marshes. Results show marsh interior erodibility decreases with an increase in belowground biomass. Furthermore, there is a correlation between soil shear strength and soil properties at the marsh edge, but this relationship varies between salinity regimes. For the second chapter of this thesis, I calculate the elevation of the marsh-forest boundary using remotely-sensed LiDAR data to determine marsh migration potential. Threshold elevation data exhibit narrow distributions, with only a 3cm difference between all five sites. I then generate maps depicting future wetland-upland conversion under different sea-level rise scenarios using the marsh-forest boundary elevations. Marsh migration varies visually between all sites predominantly depending on the slope of the adjacent upland coastal forest. Sea-level rise and saltwater intrusion in the York River will strengthen and expand marshes through decreasing erodibility and increasing migration potential—augmenting marsh resiliency against sea-level rise.

Salt Marshes

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107186285
Total Pages : 499 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Salt Marshes by : Duncan M. FitzGerald

Download or read book Salt Marshes written by Duncan M. FitzGerald and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary review of salt marshes, describing how they function and respond to external pressures such as sea-level rise.

Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306475340
Total Pages : 862 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology by : M.P. Weinstein

Download or read book Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology written by M.P. Weinstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1968 when I forsook horticulture and plant physiology to try, with the help of Sea Grant funds, wetland ecology, it didn’t take long to discover a slim volume published in 1959 by the University of Georgia and edited by R. A. Ragotzkie, L. R. Pomeroy, J. M. Teal, and D. C. Scott, entitled “Proceedings of the Salt Marsh Conference” held in 1958 at the Marine Institute, Sapelo Island, Ga. Now forty years later, the Sapelo Island conference has been the major intellectual impetus, and another Sea Grant Program the major backer, of another symposium, the “International Symposium: Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology”. This one re-examines the ideas of that first conference, ideas that stimulated four decades of research and led to major legislation in the United States to conserve coastal wetlands. It is dedicated, appropriately, to two then young scientists – Eugene P. Odum and John M. Teal – whose inspiration has been the starting place for a generation of coastal wetland and estuarine research. I do not mean to suggest that wetland research started at Sapelo Island. In 1899 H. C. Cowles described successional processes in Lake Michigan freshwater marsh ponds. There is a large and valuable early literature about northern bogs, most of it from Europe and the former USSR, although Eville Gorham and R. L. Lindeman made significant contributions to the American literature before 1960. V. J.

The Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes

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Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes by : Sergio Fagherazzi

Download or read book The Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes written by Sergio Fagherazzi and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2004-01-09 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Located between sea and land, salt marshes are complex environments that provide critical ecosystem functions, such as production of organic material and nutrient cycling. This book examines the geomorphology of salt marshes with emphasis on the interaction between landscape and biota.

Computational Techniques for Tidal Datums Handbook

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Techniques for Tidal Datums Handbook by :

Download or read book Computational Techniques for Tidal Datums Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tidal Salt Marshes of the Southeast Atlantic Coast

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Tidal Salt Marshes of the Southeast Atlantic Coast by : Richard G. Wiegert

Download or read book Tidal Salt Marshes of the Southeast Atlantic Coast written by Richard G. Wiegert and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Human Impacts on Salt Marshes

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Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520258921
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (589 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Impacts on Salt Marshes by : Brian R. Silliman

Download or read book Human Impacts on Salt Marshes written by Brian R. Silliman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-06-03 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human Impacts on Salt Marshes provides an excellent global synthesis of an important, underappreciated environmental problem and suggests solutions to the diverse threats affecting salt marshes."—Peter B. Moyle, University of California, Davis

Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Tidal Wetland Extent and Distribution

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Tidal Wetland Extent and Distribution by : Molly Mitchell

Download or read book Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Tidal Wetland Extent and Distribution written by Molly Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tidal marshes are a major ecological resource in Virginia and a driver of many estuarine functions. Therefore, the long term sustainability of tidal marsh ecosystems is a question of great interest in the research community. Sea level is rising at an unusually high rate in the Chesapeake Bay relative to most of the Atlantic coastline, putting Bay marshes at high risk from drowning and erosion. Sea level rise-driven salinity changes communities and alters ecosystem services. Understanding the patterns of change and the importance of different drivers of change is critical to tidal marsh sustainability. The overarching goal of this research is to examine how changes in natural and anthropogenic factors interact to affect tidal wetland distribution, extent and plant composition with the intent of promoting coastal resiliency to sea level rise impacts through informed coastal management. I quantified changes in marsh extent over the past 40 years and related changes in marsh extent to sea level rise and other drivers of change. Then I examined shifts in plant community composition throughout the Chesapeake Bay, VA, looking for signals of increased inundation and salinity. In small headwater systems, I explored the utility of these changes in plant composition for predicting soil sulfur content (an early signal of salinity intrusion). These changes in marshes from the past 40 years were used to elucidate results from an elevation-based model of future marsh persistence under accelerating sea level rise. Several lessons emerged from this dissertation: 1. Analyses of changes in tidal marsh extent and plant communities are complementary, clarifying vulnerabilities and prognosis under future conditions. 2. Human shoreline use (e.g., development, shoreline hardening, boating activity) can dominate physical processes to alter the marsh response to sea level rise. 3. Defining sediment availability for a given marsh may not be sufficient to determine its potential for expansion or persistence under sea level rise. 5. Marsh plant communities can be an early signal of change, showing shifts in inundation frequency before there is any change in marsh extent. 6. Tidal marshes will continue to decline over the next 100 years. However, most of the loss will be in low salinity, riverine marshes. Some high salinity, Bayfront marshes will expand if the land they need to migrate is preserved. 7. Tidal marsh response to sea level rise has, and will continue to, vary by marsh form, geologic setting, location in the estuary, and surrounding land use decisions. 9. Targeted land use decisions coupled with active restoration may help minimize future marsh loss.

The World of The Salt Marsh

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Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820345334
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis The World of The Salt Marsh by : Charles Seabrook

Download or read book The World of The Salt Marsh written by Charles Seabrook and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World of the Salt Marsh is a wide-ranging exploration of the southeastern coast--its natural history, its people and their way of life, and the historic and ongoing threats to its ecological survival. Focusing on areas from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Cape Canaveral, Florida, Charles Seabrook examines the ecological importance of the salt marsh, calling it "a biological factory without equal." Twice-daily tides carry in a supply of nutrients that nourish vast meadows of spartina ( Spartina alterniflora )--a crucial habitat for creatures ranging from tiny marine invertebrates to wading birds. The meadows provide vital nurseries for 80 percent of the seafood species, including oysters, crabs, shrimp, and a variety of finfish, and they are invaluable for storm protection, erosion prevention, and pollution filtration. Seabrook is also concerned with the plight of the people who make their living from the coast's bounty and who carry on its unique culture. Among them are Charlie Phillips, a fishmonger whose livelihood is threatened by development in McIntosh County, Georgia, and Vera Manigault of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, a basket maker of Gullah-Geechee descent, who says that the sweetgrass needed to make her culturally significant wares is becoming scarcer. For all of the biodiversity and cultural history of the salt marshes, many still view them as vast wastelands to be drained, diked, or "improved" for development into highways and subdivisions. If people can better understand and appreciate these ecosystems, Seabrook contends, they are more likely to join the growing chorus of scientists, conservationists, fishermen, and coastal visitors and residents calling for protection of these truly amazing places.

Tidal Marshes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Tidal Marshes by : James G. Gosselink

Download or read book Tidal Marshes written by James G. Gosselink and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Interpretation and Implications of Variability in Ecological Systems

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Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832551734
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Interpretation and Implications of Variability in Ecological Systems by : Robert Klinger

Download or read book Interpretation and Implications of Variability in Ecological Systems written by Robert Klinger and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-07-22 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain the dynamics in abundance of individual species, how species interact, how communities assemble, and how interactions between biotic and abiotic processes shape ecosystem stability. Many if not most of these hypotheses find some degree of support, but often only within relatively narrow spatial and temporal ranges. This is because conditions vary over time and from place to place, and so the strength and extent of processes that were the focus of a given a hypothesis become altered by other forces. Ecologists have confronted variability from two perspectives; conceptual and statistical. Conceptually, spatial and temporal variability are now recognized as being scale dependent and hierarchical. Statistically, there are many models that ecologists readily use that account for the hierarchical and scale-dependence of variability present in many datasets. But linking the two perspectives into a meaningful understanding of what variability means in real systems has been much less successful. For example, it is common to see studies where the fixed effects of a generalized linear mixed model are reported, but very often random effects are completely ignored or, at best, given scant attention. The likelihood of this being a significant problem increases greatly in what are rapidly becoming more common studies that utilize datasets spanning long temporal and/or large spatial scales, or when extreme and often unpredictable events (gray and black swans) occur.

Assessing the Vulnerability of Salt Marsh Habitats to Sea-Level Rise in California

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessing the Vulnerability of Salt Marsh Habitats to Sea-Level Rise in California by : Jordan Alexander Rosencranz

Download or read book Assessing the Vulnerability of Salt Marsh Habitats to Sea-Level Rise in California written by Jordan Alexander Rosencranz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predicted sea-level rise (SLR) could have catastrophic impacts on the coastal zone. Salt marshes have evolved under low SLR, but their resilience to higher rates is uncertain. Assessing vulnerabilities of California's salt marshes is a case study of the diversity and scale of problems that land managers will face. The major questions of this study were: 1) Are recent sediment budgets allowing southern California salt marshes to keep pace with SLR; 2) within its current range, how vulnerable are two sub-species of Ridgway's rail (Rallus obsoletus; rails), a low elevation salt marsh specialist, to SLR; and 3) within its current range, how vulnerable are Belding's savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi; sparrows), a high elevation salt marsh specialist, to SLR? To answer the first question, tidal creek sediment fluxes were measured in two sites with different levels of adjacent urbanization. To answer the second and third questions, original and pre-existing wildlife and habitat data were compiled at 17 sites to forecast habitat suitability. Storms and high tides led to sediment import in tidal creeks at Mugu and Seal. While sediment budgets were balanced during the dry study period, Seal's elevation declined, and Mugu's elevation plateaued, suggesting that only Mugu would persist if SLR rate stabilizes. For the Ridgway's Rail study, under a SLR scenario of +166cm/100yr, suitable habitat for the San Francisco Bay Area's (SF) sub-species will increase by 35% at mid-century, and current breeding habitat extent for Southern California's (SC) sub-species will increase by 24%. However, by 2100, SF will lose 84% of suitable habitat and SC will lose 80% of its current habitat extent. Furthermore, six salt marshes will lose over 95% of suitable habitat. Under the same scenario, the current extent of Belding's Savannah sparrow habitat will contract by 61% at mid-century before completely drowning by 2100. Results from the habitat suitability studies indicate that if no major adaptations, such as protecting the shoreline, increasing elevations, restoring marsh drainage, facilitating marsh migration, and restoring sediment delivery, are implemented soon, salt marsh-dependent wildlife in the majority of California coastal zones will be extirpated by 2100 under high SLR scenarios.

The Ecology of a Salt Marsh

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461258936
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of a Salt Marsh by : L. R. Pomeroy

Download or read book The Ecology of a Salt Marsh written by L. R. Pomeroy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecologists have two long-standing ways to study large ecosystems such as lakes, forests, and salt-marsh estuaries. In the first, which G. E. Hutchinson has called the holological approach, the whole ecosystem is first studied as a "black box," and its components are investigated as needed. In the second, which Hutchinson has called the merological approach, the parts of the system are studied first, and an attempt is then made to build up the whole from them. For long-term studies, the holological approach has special advantages, since the general patterns and tentative hypotheses that are first worked out help direct attention to the components of the system which need to be studied in greater detail. In this approach, teams of investigators focus on major func tions and hypotheses and thereby coordinate their independent study efforts. Thus, although there have been waves, as it were, of investigators and graduate students working on different aspects of the Georgia salt-marsh estuaries (personnel at the Marine Institute on Sapelo Island changes every few years), the emphasis on the holo logical approach has resulted in a highly differentiated and well-coordinated long-term study. Very briefly, the history of the salt-marsh studies can be outlined as follows. First, the general patterns of food chains and other energy flows in the marshes and creeks were worked out, and the nature of imports and exports to and from the system and its subsystems were delimited.

Building Salt Marshes Along the Coasts of the Continental United States

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Building Salt Marshes Along the Coasts of the Continental United States by : William W. Woodhouse

Download or read book Building Salt Marshes Along the Coasts of the Continental United States written by William W. Woodhouse and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive report on coastal marsh creation in the United States. It provides potential users with an analysis and interpretation of the available information on this subject. The role of marshes, the feasibility of marsh creation, and the effects of elevation, salinity, slope, exposure, and soils on marsh establishment are discussed. Plants suitable for marsh building are described by the major regions. Plant propagation, planting, fertilization, and management of the major plants are discussed. Labor and material requirements for marsh creation are summarized. Keywords: Coastal engineering; Gulf coast; Planting; East Coast; West Coast; Grasses; Wetland plants; Transplantation; Sediment accumulation; Marsh soils; Florida; Marsh building; Marsh vegetation; Stabilization. (EDC).

Ecology and Management of Tidal MarshesA Model from the Gulf of Mexico

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781574440263
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology and Management of Tidal MarshesA Model from the Gulf of Mexico by : Charles L. Coultas

Download or read book Ecology and Management of Tidal MarshesA Model from the Gulf of Mexico written by Charles L. Coultas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-03-07 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a major compendium of the existing knowledge of the ecology and management of tidal marshes by some of the leading experts in the field. The major theme of the book is the interconnectedness of the marsh, plants, marine organisms, soils and geology, energy and money flow, and legal and management effects on the system. Emphasis is placed throughout on the fact that nature has provided a free service that can either be maintained and enhanced by man or destroyed and forever lost. At a time of declining fisheries, this book points the way to management strategies that are needed to effect improvement.

Building Salt Marshes Along the Coasts of the Continental United States

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Building Salt Marshes Along the Coasts of the Continental United States by : W. W. Woodhouse

Download or read book Building Salt Marshes Along the Coasts of the Continental United States written by W. W. Woodhouse and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Conservation of Tidal Marshes

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Publisher : Van Nostrand Reinhold Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Conservation of Tidal Marshes by : Franklin C. Daiber

Download or read book Conservation of Tidal Marshes written by Franklin C. Daiber and published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. This book was released on 1986 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: