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Visual Motion And Self Motion Processing In The Human Brain Mpi Series In Biological Cybernetics Bd 31
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Book Synopsis Visual motion and self-motion processing in the human brain, MPI Series in Biological Cybernetics, Bd. 31 by : Elvira Fischer
Download or read book Visual motion and self-motion processing in the human brain, MPI Series in Biological Cybernetics, Bd. 31 written by Elvira Fischer and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2011 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the successful recognition of objective, `real' motion based on visual cues it is necessary to take self-induced motion signals into account, such as those induced by eye-movements. During a series of fMRI studies we measured responses of visual and parietal regions to motion cues derived from (a) retinal motion, (b) eyemovements (visual pursuit) and (c) objective, (real) motion. We show that the recently described cingulate sulcus visual area (CSv) is not, as implied before, primarily driven by 3D self-motion cues but favoured 2D translational coherent motion over 3D expanding flow fields. Further, we found that V3A is capable of integrating retinal motion with eye-movements, thus allowing V3A to respond to object motion independent of retinal motion. This allowed us to define a new functional localizer for area V3A. Finally, we showed that activity in the foveal representation of the early visual cortex is driven by a combination of retinal input and by error signals as hypothesized by of Rao and Ballard (1999) for predictive coding. Taken together, this work provides evidence that regions V3A and CSv are key regions concerning visual self-motion processing and that early visual regions might be modulated by feedback from higher motion processing regions.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Visual Motion Processing by : Guillaume S. Masson
Download or read book Dynamics of Visual Motion Processing written by Guillaume S. Masson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motion processing is an essential piece of the complex brain machinery that allows us to reconstruct the 3D layout of objects in the environment, to break camouflage, to perform scene segmentation, to estimate the ego movement, and to control our action. Although motion perception and its neural basis have been a topic of intensive research and modeling the last two decades, recent experimental evidences have stressed the dynamical aspects of motion integration and segmentation. This book presents the most recent approaches that have changed our view of biological motion processing. These new experimental evidences call for new models emphasizing the collective dynamics of large population of neurons rather than the properties of separate individual filters. Chapters will stress how the dynamics of motion processing can be used as a general approach to understand the brain dynamics itself.
Book Synopsis High-level Motion Processing by : Takeo Watanabe
Download or read book High-level Motion Processing written by Takeo Watanabe and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors to this book focus on such key aspects of motion processing as interaction and integration between locally measured motion units, structure from motion, heading in an optical flow, and second-order motion. They also discuss the interaction of motion processing with other high-level visual functions such as surface representation and attention.
Book Synopsis Perception and Control of Self-motion by : Rik Warren
Download or read book Perception and Control of Self-motion written by Rik Warren and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents studies of self-motion by an international group of basic and applied researchers including biologists, psychologists, comparative physiologists, kinesiologists, aerospace and control engineers, physicians, and physicists. Academia is well represented and accounts for most of the applied research offered. Basic theoretical research is further represented by private research companies and also by government laboratories on both sides of the Atlantic. Researchers and students of biology, psychology, physiology, kinesiology, engineering, and physics who have an interest in self-motion -- whether it be underwater, in space, or on solid ground -- will find this volume of interest. This book presents studies of self-motion by an international group of basic and applied researchers including biologists, psychologists, comparative physiologists, kinesiologists, aerospace and control engineers, physicians, and physicists. Academia is well represented and accounts for most of the applied research offered. Basic theoretical research is further represented by private research companies and also by government laboratories on both sides of the Atlantic. Researchers and students of biology, psychology, physiology, kinesiology, engineering, and physics who have an interest in self-motion -- whether it be underwater, in space, or on solid ground -- will find this volume of interest.
Author :Johannes M. Zanker Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :9783540651666 Total Pages :424 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (516 download)
Book Synopsis Motion Vision by : Johannes M. Zanker
Download or read book Motion Vision written by Johannes M. Zanker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originated from a small workshop on the question of how image motion is processed under natural conditions that was held in 1997 at the Institute of Advanced Studies of the Australian National University in Canberra."--Pref.
Book Synopsis Neuronal Processing of Optic Flow by : Markus Lappe
Download or read book Neuronal Processing of Optic Flow written by Markus Lappe and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When we walk, drive a car, or fly an airplane, visual motion is used to control and guide our movement. Optic flow describes the characteristic pattern of visual motion that arises in these situations. This book is the first to take an in-depth look at the neuronal processing strategies that underlie the brain's ability to analyze and use optic flow for the control of self-motion. It does so in a variety of species which use optic flow in different behavioral contexts. The spectrum ranges from flying insects to birds, higher mammals and man. The contributions cover physiological and behavioral studies as well as computational models. Neuronal Processing of Optic Flow provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the current state of research on this topic written by a group of authors who have made essential contributions to shaping this field of research over the last ten years. Key Features * Provides the first detailed overview of the analysis of complex visual motion patterns in the brain * Includes physiological, behavioral, and computational aspects of optic flow processing * Highlights similarities and differences between different animal species and behavioral tasks * Covers human patients with visual motion deficits * Enhances the reader's understanding with many illustrations
Book Synopsis The Measurement of Visual Motion by : Ellen Catherine Hildreth
Download or read book The Measurement of Visual Motion written by Ellen Catherine Hildreth and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analysis of visual motion divides naturally into two stages: the first is the measurement of motion, for example, the assignment of direction and magnitude of velocity to elements in the image, on the basis of the changing intensity pattern; the second is the use of motion measurements, for example, to separate the scene into distinct objects, and infer their three-dimensional structure. In this paper, we present a computational study of the measurement of motion. Similar to other visual processes, the motion of elements is not determined uniquely by information in the changing image; additional constraint is required to compute a unique velocity filed. Given this global ambiguity of motion. Local measurements from the changing image, such as those provided by directionally-selective simple cells in primate visual cortex, cannot possibly specify a unique local velocity vector, and in fact, specify only one component of velocity. Computation of the full two-dimensional velocity field requires the integration of local motion measurements, either over an area, or along contours in the image. We will examine possible algorithms for computing motion, based on a range of additional constraints. Finally, we will present implications for the biological computation of motion.
Book Synopsis Analog VLSI Circuits for the Perception of Visual Motion by : Alan A. Stocker
Download or read book Analog VLSI Circuits for the Perception of Visual Motion written by Alan A. Stocker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it is now possible to integrate many millions of transistors on a single chip, traditional digital circuit technology is now reaching its limits, facing problems of cost and technical efficiency when scaled down to ever-smaller feature sizes. The analysis of biological neutral systems, especially for visual processing, has allowed angineers to better understand how complex network can effictively process large amounts of information, whilst dealing with difficult computational challenges. Analog and parallel processing are key characteristics of biological neutral networks. Analog VLSI circuits using the same features can therefore be developed to emulate brain-style processing. Using standard CMOS technology, they can be cheaply manufactured, permitting efficient industrial and consumer applications in robotics and mobile electronics. This book explores the theory, design and implementation of analog VLSI circuits, inspired by visual motion processing in biological neutral networks. Using a novel approach pioneered by the author himself, Stocker explains in detail the construction of a series of electronic chips, providing the reader with a valuable practical insight into the technology. Analog VLSI Circuits for the Perception of Visual Motion: analyzes the computational problems in visual motion perception; examines the issue of optimization in analog networks through high level processes such as motion segmentation and selective attention; demonstrates network implementation in anallog VLSI CMOS technology to provide computationally efficient devices; sets out measurements of final hardware implementation; illustrates the similarities of the presented circuits with the human visual motion perception system; includes an accompanying website with video clips of circuits under real-time visual conditions and additional supplementary material. With a complete review of all existing neuromorphic analog VLSI systems for visual motion sensing, Analog VLSI Circuits for the Perception of Visual Motion is a unique reference for advanced students in electrical engineering, artificial intelligence, robotics and computational neuroscience. It will also be useful for researcher, professionals, and electronics engineers working in the field.
Download or read book Dynamic Perception written by Uwe J. Ilg and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the 5th workshop on 'Dynamic Perception' which was held on November 18 - 19, 2004, at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen. As in the previ-ous meetings, the conference is characterised by its high degree of in-terdisciplinarity. The presentations cover the fields of computer science, psychology, neuroscience as well as biology. The common denominator of all contributions consists in the observation that the sensory systems of man, animals and robots have to solve similar tasks such as goal-directed behaviour, orientation within a 3D world or object identification, to name just a few.
Book Synopsis Adaptive Internal Models for Motor Control and Visual Prediction by : Wolfram Schenck
Download or read book Adaptive Internal Models for Motor Control and Visual Prediction written by Wolfram Schenck and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2008 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, computational models of adaptive motor control and visuomotor coordination are explored and developed. These models relate to hypotheses on how sensorimotor processing in biological organisms might be organized at an abstract level; furthermore, these models and their specific implementations offer solutions for technical problems in the domain of adaptive robotics. For this reason, both biological and technical aspects are addressed. On the one hand, this thesis focuses on the learning of so-called internal models (Miall et al., 1993; Kawato, 1999): "forward models", which predict the sensory consequences of the agent''s own actions, and "inverse models", which act like motor controllers and generate motor commands. In this area, new strategies and algorithms for learning are suggested and tested on both simulated and real-world robot setups. This work contributes to the understanding of the "building blocks" of integrated sensorimotor processing. On the other hand, this thesis suggests complex models of sensorimotor coordination: In a study on the grasping to extrafoveal targets with a robot arm, it is explored how forward and inverse models may interact, and a second study addresses the question how visual perception of space might arise from the learning of sensorimotor relationships. The theoretical part of the thesis starts with a close view on sensorimotor processing. The cognitivist approach and the embodied approach to sensorimotor processing are contrasted with each other, providing evidence from psychological and neurophysiological studies in favor of the latter. It is outlined how the application of robots fits into the embodied approach as research method. Furthermore, internal models are defined in a formal way, and an overview of their role in models of perception and cognition is provided, with a special emphasis on anticipation and predictive forward models. Afterwards, a thorough overview of internal models in adaptive motor control (covering both kinematics and dynamics) and a novel learning strategy for kinematic control problems ("learning by averaging") are presented. The experimental work comprises four different studies. First, a detailed comparison study of various motor learning strategies for kinematic problems is presented. The performance of "feedback error learning" (Kawato et al., 1987), "distal supervised learning" (Jordan and Rumelhart, 1992), and "direct inverse modeling" (e.g., Kuperstein, 1987) is directly compared on several learning tasks from the domain of eye and arm control (on simulated setups). Moreover, an improved version of direct inverse modeling on the basis of abstract recurrent networks and learning by averaging are included in the comparison. The second study is dedicated to the learning of a visual forward model for a robot camera head. This forward model predicts the visual consequences of camera movements for all pixels of the camera image. The presented learning algorithm is able to overcome the two main difficulties of visual prediction: first, the high dimensionality of the input and output space, and second, the need to detect which part of the visual output is non-predictable. To demonstrate the robustness of the presented learning algorithm, the work is not carried out on plain camera images, but on distorted "retinal images" with a decreasing resolution towards the corners. In the third experimental chapter, a model for grasping to extrafoveal (non-fixated) targets is presented. It is implemented on a robot setup, consisting of a camera head and a robot arm. This model is based on the premotor theory of attention (Rizzolatti et al., 1994) and adds one specific hypothesis: Attention shifts caused by saccade programming imply a prediction of the retinal foveal images after the saccade. For this purpose, the visual forward model from the preceding study is used. Based on this model, several grasping modes are compared; the obtained results are qualitatively congruent with the performance that can be expected from human subjects. The fourth study is based on the theory that visual perception of space and shape is based on an internal simulation process which relies on forward models (Moeller, 1999). This theory is tested by synthetic modeling in the task domain of block pushing with a robot arm.
Book Synopsis The Measurement of Visual Motion by : Ellen Catherine Hildreth
Download or read book The Measurement of Visual Motion written by Ellen Catherine Hildreth and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1984 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The organization of movement in the changing image that reaches the eye provides our visual system with a valuable source of information for analyzing the structure of our surroundings. This book examines the measurement of this movement and the use of relative movement to locate the boundaries of physical objects in the environment.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Visual Motion by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Visual Motion written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of the IEEE Workshop held in Princeton, New Jersey, October 1991, comprise 46 contributed papers on topics in the areas of structure and motion from extended sequences, analysis of image flow, combined motion and stereo, models of human and biological vision, recovery of ego-motion,
Book Synopsis Selective Visual Attention by : Liming Zhang
Download or read book Selective Visual Attention written by Liming Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual attention is a relatively new area of study combining a number of disciplines: artificial neural networks, artificial intelligence, vision science and psychology. The aim is to build computational models similar to human vision in order to solve tough problems for many potential applications including object recognition, unmanned vehicle navigation, and image and video coding and processing. In this book, the authors provide an up to date and highly applied introduction to the topic of visual attention, aiding researchers in creating powerful computer vision systems. Areas covered include the significance of vision research, psychology and computer vision, existing computational visual attention models, and the authors' contributions on visual attention models, and applications in various image and video processing tasks. This book is geared for graduates students and researchers in neural networks, image processing, machine learning, computer vision, and other areas of biologically inspired model building and applications. The book can also be used by practicing engineers looking for techniques involving the application of image coding, video processing, machine vision and brain-like robots to real-world systems. Other students and researchers with interdisciplinary interests will also find this book appealing. Provides a key knowledge boost to developers of image processing applications Is unique in emphasizing the practical utility of attention mechanisms Includes a number of real-world examples that readers can implement in their own work: robot navigation and object selection image and video quality assessment image and video coding Provides codes for users to apply in practical attentional models and mechanisms
Download or read book Human Motion written by Bodo Rosenhahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book which informs about recent progress in biomechanics, computer vision and computer graphics – all in one volume. Researchers from these areas have contributed to this book to promote the establishment of human motion research as a multi-facetted discipline and to improve the exchange of ideas and concepts between these three areas. The book combines carefully written reviews with detailed reports on recent progress in research.
Book Synopsis The Interpretation of Visual Motion by : Shimon Ullman
Download or read book The Interpretation of Visual Motion written by Shimon Ullman and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1979-02-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses the methodology of artificial intelligence to investigate the phenomena of visual motion perception: how the visual system constructs descriptions of the environment in terms of objects, their three-dimensional shape, and their motion through space, on the basis of the changing image that reaches the eye. The author has analyzed the computations performed in the course of visual motion analysis. Workable schemes able to perform certain tasks performed by the visual system have been constructed and used as vehicles for investigating the problems faced by the visual system and its methods for solving them.Two major problems are treated: first, the correspondence problem, which concerns the identification of image elements that represent the same object at different times, thereby maintaining the perceptual identity of the object in motion or in change. The second problem is the three-dimensional interpretation of the changing image once a correspondence has been established.The author's computational approach to visual theory makes the work unique, and it should be of interest to psychologists working in visual perception and readers interested in cognitive studies in general, as well as computer scientists interested in machine vision, theoretical neurophysiologists, and philosophers of science.
Book Synopsis Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms Underlying Dynamic Face Perception by : Katharina Dobs
Download or read book Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms Underlying Dynamic Face Perception written by Katharina Dobs and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-28 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic faces are highly complex, ecologically and socially relevant stimuli which we encounter almost everyday. When and what we extract from this rich source of information needs to be well coordinated by the face perception system. The current thesis investigates how this coordination is achieved. Part I comprises two psychophysical experiments examining the mechanisms underlying facial motion processing. Facial motion is represented as high-dimensional spatio-temporal data defining which part of the face is moving in which direction over time. Previous studies suggest that facial motion can be adequately represented using simple approximations. I argue against the use of synthetic facial motion by showing that the face perception system is highly sensitive towards manipulations of the natural spatio-temporal characteristics of facial motion. The neural processes coordinating facial motion processing may rely on two mechanisms: first, a sparse but meaningful spatio-temporal code representing facial motion; second, a mechanism that extracts distinctive motion characteristics. Evidence for the latter hypothesis is provided by the observation that facial motion, when performed in unconstrained contexts, helps identity judgments. Part II presents a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigating the neural processing of expression and identity information in dynamic faces. Previous studies proposed a distributed neural system for face perception which distinguishes between invariant (e.g., identity) and changeable (e.g., expression) aspects of faces. Attention is a potential candidate mechanism to coordinate the processing of these two facial aspects. Two findings support this hypothesis: first, attention to expression versus identity of dynamic faces dissociates cortical areas assumed to process changeable aspects from those involved in discriminating invariant aspects of faces; second, attention leads to a more precise neural representation of the attended facial feature. Interactions between these two representations may be mediated by a part of the inferior occipital gyrus and the superior temporal sulcus which is supported by the observation that the latter area represented both expression and identity, while the first represented identity information irrespective of the attended feature.
Book Synopsis Statistical and Geometrical Approaches to Visual Motion Analysis by : Daniel Cremers
Download or read book Statistical and Geometrical Approaches to Visual Motion Analysis written by Daniel Cremers and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-07-13 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
