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Visual Attention Of Private Pilots
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Book Synopsis Visual Attention of Private Pilots by : Richard L. Sulzer
Download or read book Visual Attention of Private Pilots written by Richard L. Sulzer and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The direction of the pilot's visual attention was recorded during three series of flights in a small aircraft. It was found that pilots using visual flight rules (VFR) spent approximately 50 percent of the time looking outside the cockpit, an airsearch time much higher than previously recorded for air-carrier cockpits. The remainder of the time, while occupied in the cockpit, the pilot might be likely to miss seeing an approaching aircraft. Hence, a test environment for pilot warning systems intended to aid visual detection of potential threats should employ a pilot workload that produces a realistic proportion of visual attention available for outside search."--Report documentation page.
Book Synopsis Visual attention of private pilots, the proportion of time devoted to outside the cockpit by : Richard L. Sulzer
Download or read book Visual attention of private pilots, the proportion of time devoted to outside the cockpit written by Richard L. Sulzer and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aviation Visual Perception by : Colonel Randy Gibb
Download or read book Aviation Visual Perception written by Colonel Randy Gibb and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vision is the dominant sense used by pilots and visual misperception has been identified as the primary contributing factor in numerous aviation mishaps, resulting in hundreds of fatalities and major resource loss. Despite physiological limitations for sensing and perceiving their aviation environment, pilots can often make the required visual judgments with a high degree of accuracy and precision. At the same time, however, visual illusions and misjudgments have been cited as the probable cause of numerous aviation accidents, and in spite of technological and instructional efforts to remedy some of the problems associated with visual perception in aviation, mishaps of this type continue to occur. Clearly, understanding the role of visual perception in aviation is key to improving pilot performance and reducing aviation mishaps. This book is the first dedicated to the role of visual perception in aviation, and it provides a comprehensive, single-source document encompassing all aspects of aviation visual perception. Thus, this book includes the foundations of visual and vestibular sensation and perception; how visual perceptual abilities are assessed in pilots; the pilot's perspective of visual flying; a summary of human factors research on the visual guidance of flying; examples of specific visual and vestibular illusions and misperceptions; mishap analyses from military, commercial and general aviation; and, finally, how this knowledge is being used to better understand visual perception in aviation's next generation. Aviation Visual Perception: Research, Misperception and Mishaps is intended to be used for instruction in academia, as a resource for human factors researchers, design engineers, and for instruction and training in the pilot community.
Book Synopsis Modeling Pilots' Visual Attention Using Enhanced Flight Vision Systems by : Kaosisochi Uwazuruonye
Download or read book Modeling Pilots' Visual Attention Using Enhanced Flight Vision Systems written by Kaosisochi Uwazuruonye and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis develops a model that describes how the pilot's visual attention relates to control behavior and corresponding flight dynamics. The model particularly examines a pilot's visual scan during an instrument approach in conditions where the pilot may be looking 'down' at the instrument panel or may be looking 'up', through a Heads-Up Display (HUD) overlaid with the sensor returns of Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS). With this, it can capture where pilots direct their visual scan during a precision approach in conditions that require them to shift their visual attention and relate these shifts in visual attention to their likely cause (e.g., expecting that the EFVS sensor is coming in range) and to their impact on how pilots control the aircraft. A fixed-based flight simulator of a general aviation aircraft with an EFVS system and eye-tracking glasses were used to measure a pilot's control activity and visual attention. During the data collection, the EFVS sensor range was varied. Three sets of data were collected: Aircraft Dynamic State, Pilot Control Inputs (elevator, aileron and rudder deflection, and throttle and flap settings); and Pilot's Visual Attention Allocation (time history of which instrument or flight information the pilot scanned). The sets of data were combined to create the final dataset comprising multivariate time series data. The dataset was divided into 3 phases (Before the EFVS is in range, After the EFVS is visually acquired, and Expectation of the EFVS coming into range). A machine learning algorithm known as Vector Auto Regression (VAR) was utilized to model this behavior. VAR is a common method used for multivariate time series analysis. It is important to this thesis because it can explain past and casual relationships among multiple variables over time. The model was of two parts: a visual attention model and a control input model. Results showed that, overall, the pilot showed a consistent pattern of attention: Before the EFVS was in range, the majority of his visual attention was directed towards the instrument panel. When the EFVS was expected to come into range, his attention was divided between the instrument panel and the HUD, and finally once the EFVS was acquired, his attention was directed mostly towards the HUD. When the pilot could transition from one pattern of attention to another thus depends on the range of the EFVS. In addition, this thesis demonstrated 1) No two flights are the same, and a different model can be made for every single flight; 2) It is possible to build one sufficient model for all flights by a pilot that is capable of describing that pilot and seeing how the EFVS changes the pilots behavior within the different phases. Future work could examine making a model that describes the flights of a wide range of pilots, for the broadest utility of the modeling to support engineering design and certification.
Book Synopsis Assessing Visual Attention of Pilots While Using Electronic Moving Maps for Taxiing by : David Andrew Graeber
Download or read book Assessing Visual Attention of Pilots While Using Electronic Moving Maps for Taxiing written by David Andrew Graeber and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Allocation of Visual Attention for Aircraft Traffic Monitoring and Avoidance by : Christopher D. Wickens
Download or read book The Allocation of Visual Attention for Aircraft Traffic Monitoring and Avoidance written by Christopher D. Wickens and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes two experiments in which 17 certified flight instructors flew a series of traffic avoidance maneuvers while their eye movements were recorded. Both experiments were carried out in a high fidelity flight simulator with full visual (outside scene) capabilities, simulating visual meteorological conditions. In a baseline experiment, pilots were instructed by ATC to fly certain lateral and vertical avoidance maneuvers around traffic. In a freeflight experiment, pilots encountered traffic problems with similar geometry and engaged in maneuvers of similar complexity to those in the baseline experiment, but they now self-selected their own avoidance maneuvers by relying upon a cockpit display of traffic information which was mounted within the cockpit. In both experiments the time required for pilots to make visual contact with all traffic was recorded.
Book Synopsis A Study of Pilots' Eye Movements During Visual Flight Conditions by : Thomas M. Edwards
Download or read book A Study of Pilots' Eye Movements During Visual Flight Conditions written by Thomas M. Edwards and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Growing interest in increased cockpit vision has been shown for some time by the aircraft industry. This interest has been brought about by the general belief of airline pilots that cockpit vision in most present-day transports is not entirely satisfactory. Due to the substantial increase in the number of aircraft now using our airports and airways, there is a definite need for increased cockpit vision. The operational characteristics of aircraft vary considerably from one type to another, yet all use the same airports. The pilot eye-movement study is one phase of a cockpit vision study that was commenced in 1948 by the Technical Development and Evaluation Center of the Civil Aeronautics Administration at Indianapolis. The specific aim of the study was to determine which areas of the windshield and what visual angles the pilots actually use in performing critical flight maneuvers defined as take-off, landing approach, and low altitude turns. These definitions were established by the airline pilots themselves and were taken from a previous study of cockpit visibility, which study was based on an airline pilot questionnaire."--Introduction.
Book Synopsis Aviation Visual Perception by : Randy Gibb
Download or read book Aviation Visual Perception written by Randy Gibb and published by Ashgate Publishing Company. This book was released on 2010 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first dedicated to visual perception in aviation. It includes the foundations of visual and vestibular sensation and perception; how visual perceptual abilities are assessed in pilots; the pilot's perspective of visual flying; a summary of relevant human factors research; examples of specific visual and vestibular illusions and misperceptions; mishap analyses; and, finally, how this knowledge is being used to better understand visual perception in aviation's next generation.
Book Synopsis A Tactual Display Aid for Primary Flight Training by :
Download or read book A Tactual Display Aid for Primary Flight Training written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Implications of Object Vs. Space Based Theories of Attention in the Design of the Aircraft Head-up Display by : Jeffry Long
Download or read book Implications of Object Vs. Space Based Theories of Attention in the Design of the Aircraft Head-up Display written by Jeffry Long and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty-two pilots flew instrument approaches in a high-fidelity simulator. Location of flight symbology was manipulated head-up vs. head-down while controlling for optical distance and symbology format. Pilots were assigned to one of two symbology sets, conformal or non-conformal. Each pilot flew half of the trials with the symbology presented in a head-up location and half with the symbology located head-down. An unexpected far domain event was presented on one trial per pilot. The results revealed that, for flight path control, there was generally a cost associated with head-down location. The magnitude of this cost was larger for conformal than for non-conformal symbology. Head-up presentation resulted in faster transition from instrument to visual flight reference, but slower response to the far domain unexpected event and greater error tracking digital airspeed. The results are interpreted with the theoretical framework of object-based and space-based theories of visual attention.
Book Synopsis Effects of Cockpit Display of Traffic Information on Visual Attention and Eye Movements in the General Aviation Cockpit by : Jacqueline A. Duley
Download or read book Effects of Cockpit Display of Traffic Information on Visual Attention and Eye Movements in the General Aviation Cockpit written by Jacqueline A. Duley and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Monitor the Monitoring by : Christophe Antony Lounis (doctorant en neuroergonomie.).)
Download or read book Monitor the Monitoring written by Christophe Antony Lounis (doctorant en neuroergonomie.).) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During a flight, pilots must rigorously monitor specific flight instruments (e.g., attitude indicator, airspeed, altimeter, engine parameters) as well as the external environment (e.g., locate terrain features on the ground, especially in clear weather conditions by low altitude) to update their situational awareness. This monitoring activity, which is critical during dynamic flight phases (e.g., takeoff, approach phase, and landing), consist in observing and interpreting the flight path, the selected automation modes, and the systems used onboard. This involves a real-time comparison between the data displayed on the instruments and the values expected during the flight phases. Appropriate monitoring of the cockpit enables to take corrective measures (e.g., adjust the aircraft's trajectory when a deviation is detected in the attitude zone) promptly when a parameter is deviated, thus guaranteeing an optimal level of safety. This monitoring activity is structured in a sequence of engagement and redirection of the operator's visual attention from one instrument to another. Moreover, accident reports have shown that piloting errors, such as incorrect trajectories or overspeed during landing, are often the result of inadequate monitoring of cockpit instruments. The purpose of this research work is to improve the flight safety thanks in particular to the integration of an eye-tracker. Eye movements are a window on the pilot's cognitive state and reveal the attentional paths taken by the operator through his visual path. In connection with cockpit monitoring issues, we have developed a Flight Eye Tracking Assistant (FETA) based on expert visual behaviors (e.g., 24 pilots with more than 1600 flight hours). This assistant warns the pilots, thanks to an audible alarm, when they no longer sufficiently consult a flight instrument in comparison with the expert eye movement database. A human factors evaluation of this assistant raised several issues with such an assistant and paved the way for further research including metrics that best reflect the eye paths in the cockpit and the need to find the right metric to quantify a pilot's visual attention onboard. Part of this research work is based on a comparison between novices and experts in order to quantify the mark of expertise. A method using the K coefficient applied to the AOIs allowed to qualify the visual attention of the pilots (focal vs ambient) during a flight simulator scenario with different loads of visuomotor activity. Machine learning methods based on transition matrices allowed to classify the expertise with an accuracy of 91%. Finally, two methods were used to qualify and quantify visual strategies in the cockpit. A method using Lempel-Ziv Complexity (LZC), a data compression algorithm, to highlight the complexity of the scanning sequences in the cockpit. Another called N-gram method, originally derived from DNA sequence research, which quantifies the patterns common to the expert group and the length of the patterns used. These contributions are discussed in the light of the improvement of a flying assistant based on eye tracking data for improving learning on the one hand and avoiding monitoring problems on the other. Finally, the evaluation of the FETA prototype raised perspectives on the choice of the most relevant modality (e.g. auditory, visual, haptic) for alerting.
Book Synopsis Pilot Expectancy and Attentional Effects for Hazard Awareness by : John Rex Helleberg
Download or read book Pilot Expectancy and Attentional Effects for Hazard Awareness written by John Rex Helleberg and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The effectiveness of three different data link interfaces, involving auditory, visual and redundant presentation of ATC information, was evaluated in a single pilot general aviation simulation. Eighteen pilots flew a Frasca flight simulator with full visual display of the outside world, through a series of ATC-instructed maneuvers, while scanning outside for traffic. ATC instructions, of various length, were delivered through a text based data link display, through synthesized voice (mimicking the demands of the current system), or through a redundant voicetext format. Pilots read back the instructions and then complied with whatever maneuver was instructed, while monitoring for traffic. Visual scanning was measured. The results revealed that the visual display provided greatest accuracy of communications read back, and was least disruptive of both traffic monitoring and flight path tracking (ATC instruction compliance). The auditory-only condition was most disruptive of these tasks, in part because the pilot's visual attention was drawn into the cockpit for longer periods while note taking, compared to the amount of such attention diversion with the visual text display. The redundant display condition provided many of the same benefits as the visual-only display, but never supported better performance than that display, and was sometimes inferior to it. This cost resulted, in part because the arrival of the discrete auditory communications appeared to disrupt performance of the ongoing visual flight task. Across all conditions, the pilots allocated approximately 60% of their visual attention to monitoring the instrument panel, and their communications accuracy was degraded by the longer ATC instructions. The results are interpreted in terms of mechanisms of attention and working memory in information processing, and in terms of the pilot's task priority hierarchy."--P. 1.
Book Synopsis Pilots' Visual Behaviors and Attention Distributions Between the Pursuit of a Moving Target and a Stationary Target by :
Download or read book Pilots' Visual Behaviors and Attention Distributions Between the Pursuit of a Moving Target and a Stationary Target written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A State Machine Representation of Pilot Eye Movements by : Artistee Shayna Harris
Download or read book A State Machine Representation of Pilot Eye Movements written by Artistee Shayna Harris and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the development of these new interfaces, such as Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), and the evolution of the United States National Air System (NAS) from a ground-based system of Air Traffic Control (ATC) to a satellite-based system of air traffic management (FAA, 2009), new evaluations for efficiency and safety are required. Therefore, these tasks require visual behaviors such as search, fixation, tracking, and grouping. Therefore, designing and implementing a virtual eye movement application that generates gaze and action visualizations could provide detailed data on the allocation of visual attention across interface entities. The goal is to develop state-machine representations of straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs and descents within the Pilot Eye Flight Deck Application to simulate pilots' eye movement.
Book Synopsis Oculometer measurement of air traffic controller visual attention by :
Download or read book Oculometer measurement of air traffic controller visual attention written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
