Virus Variability Epidemiology And Control

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Virus Variability, Epidemiology and Control

Author : Edouard Kurstak
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475792719
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Virus Variability, Epidemiology and Control by : Edouard Kurstak

Download or read book Virus Variability, Epidemiology and Control written by Edouard Kurstak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virus Variability and Impact on Epidemiology and Control of Diseases E. Kurstak and A. Hossain I. INTRODUCTION An important number of virus infections and their epidemic developments demonstrate that ineffec tiveness of prevention measures is often due to the mutation rate and variability of viruses (Kurstak et al., 1984, 1987). The new human immunodeficiency retroviruses and old influenza viruses are only one among several examples of virus variation that prevent, or make very difficult. the production of reliable vaccines. It could be stated that the most important factor limiting the effectiveness of vaccines against virus infections is apparently virus variation. Not much is, how ever, known about the factors influencing and responsible for the dramatically diverse patterns of virus variability. II. MUTATION RATE AND VARIABILITY OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL VIRUSES Mutation is undoubtedly the primary source of variation, and several reports in the literature suggest that extreme variability of some viruses may be a consequence of an unusually high mutation rate (Holland et al., 1982; Domingo et al., 1985; Smith and Inglis, 1987). The mutation rate of a virus is defined as the probability that during a single replication of the virus genome a particular nucleotide position is altered through substitution, deletion, insertion. or recombination. Different techniques have been utilized to measure virus mutation rates, and these have been noted in the extent of application to different viruses.

Virus Variability, Epidemiology and Control

Author : Edouard Kurstak
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9780306433597
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (335 download)

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Book Synopsis Virus Variability, Epidemiology and Control by : Edouard Kurstak

Download or read book Virus Variability, Epidemiology and Control written by Edouard Kurstak and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-09-30 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virus Variability and Impact on Epidemiology and Control of Diseases E. Kurstak and A. Hossain I. INTRODUCTION An important number of virus infections and their epidemic developments demonstrate that ineffec tiveness of prevention measures is often due to the mutation rate and variability of viruses (Kurstak et al., 1984, 1987). The new human immunodeficiency retroviruses and old influenza viruses are only one among several examples of virus variation that prevent, or make very difficult. the production of reliable vaccines. It could be stated that the most important factor limiting the effectiveness of vaccines against virus infections is apparently virus variation. Not much is, how ever, known about the factors influencing and responsible for the dramatically diverse patterns of virus variability. II. MUTATION RATE AND VARIABILITY OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL VIRUSES Mutation is undoubtedly the primary source of variation, and several reports in the literature suggest that extreme variability of some viruses may be a consequence of an unusually high mutation rate (Holland et al., 1982; Domingo et al., 1985; Smith and Inglis, 1987). The mutation rate of a virus is defined as the probability that during a single replication of the virus genome a particular nucleotide position is altered through substitution, deletion, insertion. or recombination. Different techniques have been utilized to measure virus mutation rates, and these have been noted in the extent of application to different viruses.

Viral Infections of Humans

Author : Alfred S. Evans
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780306448553
Total Pages : 1128 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (485 download)

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Book Synopsis Viral Infections of Humans by : Alfred S. Evans

Download or read book Viral Infections of Humans written by Alfred S. Evans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-06-30 with total page 1128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exhaustive reference on epidemiological aspects of viral infections in humans, with section on concepts and methods, acute viral infections, viral infections and malignant diseases, and chronic diseases. Chapters on specific viruses offer a common framework of material on methods of epidemiologic

Human Herpesviruses

Author : Ann Arvin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139461648
Total Pages : 1325 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Herpesviruses by : Ann Arvin

Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.

Viral Infections of Humans

Author : Alfred S. Evans
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461307058
Total Pages : 845 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Viral Infections of Humans by : Alfred S. Evans

Concepts of Epidemiology

Author : Raj S. Bhopal
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198739680
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts of Epidemiology by : Raj S. Bhopal

Download or read book Concepts of Epidemiology written by Raj S. Bhopal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First edition published in 2002. Second edition published in 2008.

Molecular Tools and Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Author : Betsy Foxman
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080920845
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Tools and Infectious Disease Epidemiology by : Betsy Foxman

Download or read book Molecular Tools and Infectious Disease Epidemiology written by Betsy Foxman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-12-28 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Tools and Infectious Disease Epidemiology examines the opportunities and methodologic challenges in the application of modern molecular genetic and biologic techniques to infectious disease epidemiology. The application of these techniques dramatically improves the measurement of disease and putative risk factors, increasing our ability to detect and track outbreaks, identify risk factors and detect new infectious agents. However, integration of these techniques into epidemiologic studies also poses new challenges in the design, conduct, and analysis. This book presents the key points of consideration when integrating molecular biology and epidemiology; discusses how using molecular tools in epidemiologic research affects program design and conduct; considers the ethical concerns that arise in molecular epidemiologic studies; and provides a context for understanding and interpreting scientific literature as a foundation for subsequent practical experience in the laboratory and in the field. The book is recommended for graduate and advanced undergraduate students studying infectious disease epidemiology and molecular epidemiology; and for the epidemiologist wishing to integrate molecular techniques into his or her studies. - Presents the key points of consideration when integrating molecular biology and epidemiology - Discusses how using molecular tools in epidemiologic research affects program design and conduct - Considers the ethical concerns that arise in molecular epidemiologic studies - Provides a context for understanding and interpreting scientific literature as a foundation for subsequent practical experience in the laboratory and in the field

Plant Virus Epidemiology

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080466370
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Virus Epidemiology by :

Download or read book Plant Virus Epidemiology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-15 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published since 1953, Advances in Virus Research covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology. In 2004, the Institute for Scientific Information released figures showing that the series has an Impact Factor of 2.576, with a half-life of 7.1 years, placing it 11th in the highly competitive category of Virology.* Edited by an experienced plant pathologist who has over 50 years experience in plant virus epidemiology* Covers topics such as Evolutionary epidemiology of plant virus disease, The control of tropical plant virus diseases, and Control of plant virus diseases* A valuable resource for students and researchers alike

Fenner and White's Medical Virology

Author : Christopher J. Burrell
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123751578
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis Fenner and White's Medical Virology by : Christopher J. Burrell

Download or read book Fenner and White's Medical Virology written by Christopher J. Burrell and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fenner and White's Medical Virology, Fifth Edition provides an integrated view of related sciences, from cell biology, to medical epidemiology and human social behavior. The perspective represented by this book, that of medical virology as an infectious disease science, is meant to provide a starting point, an anchor, for those who must relate the subject to clinical practice, public health practice, scholarly research, and other endeavors. The book presents detailed exposition on the properties of viruses, how viruses replicate, and how viruses cause disease. These chapters are then followed by an overview of the principles of diagnosis, epidemiology, and how virus infections can be controlled. The first section concludes with a discussion on emergence and attempts to predict the next major public health challenges. These form a guide for delving into the specific diseases of interest to the reader as described in Part II. This lucid and concise, yet comprehensive, text is admirably suited to the needs of not only advanced students of science and medicine, but also postgraduate students, teachers, and research workers in all areas of virology. Features updated and expanded coverage of pathogenesis and immunity Contains the latest laboratory diagnostic methods Provides insights into clinical features of human viral disease, vaccines, chemotherapy, epidemiology, and control

Origin and Evolution of Viruses

Author : Esteban Domingo
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080564968
Total Pages : 573 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Origin and Evolution of Viruses by : Esteban Domingo

Download or read book Origin and Evolution of Viruses written by Esteban Domingo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-06-23 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New viral diseases are emerging continuously. Viruses adapt to new environments at astounding rates. Genetic variability of viruses jeopardizes vaccine efficacy. For many viruses mutants resistant to antiviral agents or host immune responses arise readily, for example, with HIV and influenza. These variations are all of utmost importance for human and animal health as they have prevented us from controlling these epidemic pathogens. This book focuses on the mechanisms that viruses use to evolve, survive and cause disease in their hosts. Covering human, animal, plant and bacterial viruses, it provides both the basic foundations for the evolutionary dynamics of viruses and specific examples of emerging diseases. - NEW - methods to establish relationships among viruses and the mechanisms that affect virus evolution - UNIQUE - combines theoretical concepts in evolution with detailed analyses of the evolution of important virus groups - SPECIFIC - Bacterial, plant, animal and human viruses are compared regarding their interation with their hosts

Viral Infections of Humans

Author : Alfred S. Evans
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468447270
Total Pages : 744 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Viral Infections of Humans by : Alfred S. Evans

Download or read book Viral Infections of Humans written by Alfred S. Evans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: also occurs. New outbreaks of yellow fever have occurred in Colombia and Trinidad and new outbreaks of rift valley fever have occurred in Egypt. Chapter 6, Arenaviruses: The biochemical and physical properties have now been clar ified, and they show a remarkable uniformity in the various viruses constituting the group. The possibility that prenatal infection with LCM may result in hydrocephalus and chorioretinitis has been raised. Serologic surveys have suggested the existence of Lassa virus infection in Guinea, Central African Empire, Mali, Senegal, Cameroon, and Benin, in addition to earlier identification in Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Chapter 7, Coronaviruses: New studies have confirmed the important role of these viruses in common respiratory illnesses of children and adults. The viruses are now known to contain a single positive strand of RNA. About 50% of corona virus infections result in clinical illness. About 5% of common colds are caused by strain DC 43 in winter. Chapter 8, Cytomegalovirus: Sections on pathogenesis of CMV in relation to organ transplantation and mononucleosis, as well as sections on the risk and features of con genital infection and disease, have been expanded. There are encouraging preliminary results with a live CMV vaccine, but the questions of viral persistence and oncogenicity require further evaluation.

The Epidemiology of Plant Diseases

Author : B. Michael Cooke
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402045816
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epidemiology of Plant Diseases by : B. Michael Cooke

Download or read book The Epidemiology of Plant Diseases written by B. Michael Cooke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-18 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant disease epidemiology is a dynamic science that forms an essential part of the study of plant pathology. This book brings together a team of 35 international experts. Each chapter deals with an essential component of the subject and allows the reader to fully understand how each exerts its influence on the progress of pathogen populations in plant populations over a defined time scale. This edition has new, revised and updated chapters.

Infectious Diseases of Humans

Author : Roy M. Anderson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198540403
Total Pages : 772 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Infectious Diseases of Humans by : Roy M. Anderson

Download or read book Infectious Diseases of Humans written by Roy M. Anderson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with infectious diseases -- viral, bacterial, protozoan and helminth -- in terms of the dynamics of their interaction with host populations. The book combines mathematical models with extensive use of epidemiological and other data. This analytic framework is highly useful for the evaluation of public health strategies aimed at controlling or eradicating particular infections. Such a framework is increasingly important in light of the widespread concern for primary health care programs aimed at such diseases as measles, malaria, river blindness, sleeping sickness, and schistosomiasis, and the advent of AIDS/HIV and other emerging viruses. Throughout the book, the mathematics is used as a tool for thinking clearly about fundamental and applied problems having to do with infectious diseases. The book is divided into two parts, one dealing with microparasites (viruses, bacteria and protozoans) and the other with macroparasites (helminths and parasitic arthropods). Each part begins with simple models, developed in a biologically intuitive way, and then goes on to develop more complicated and realistic models as tools for public health planning. The book synthesizes previous work in this rapidly growing field (much of which is scattered between the ecological and the medical literature) with a good deal of new material.

Molecular Epidemiology

Author : Paul A. Schulte
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323138578
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Epidemiology by : Paul A. Schulte

Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology written by Paul A. Schulte and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will serve as a primer for both laboratory and field scientists who are shaping the emerging field of molecular epidemiology. Molecular epidemiology utilizes the same paradigm as traditional epidemiology but uses biological markers to identify exposure, disease or susceptibility. Schulte and Perera present the epidemiologic methods pertinent to biological markers. The book is also designed to enumerate the considerations necessary for valid field research and provide a resource on the salient and subtle features of biological indicators.

Emerging Viral Diseases

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309314003
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Viral Diseases by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Emerging Viral Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past half century, deadly disease outbreaks caused by novel viruses of animal origin - Nipah virus in Malaysia, Hendra virus in Australia, Hantavirus in the United States, Ebola virus in Africa, along with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), several influenza subtypes, and the SARS (sudden acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses - have underscored the urgency of understanding factors influencing viral disease emergence and spread. Emerging Viral Diseases is the summary of a public workshop hosted in March 2014 to examine factors driving the appearance, establishment, and spread of emerging, re-emerging and novel viral diseases; the global health and economic impacts of recently emerging and novel viral diseases in humans; and the scientific and policy approaches to improving domestic and international capacity to detect and respond to global outbreaks of infectious disease. This report is a record of the presentations and discussion of the event.

Fields Virology: Emerging Viruses

Author : Peter M. Howley
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1975112555
Total Pages : 2597 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (751 download)

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Book Synopsis Fields Virology: Emerging Viruses by : Peter M. Howley

Download or read book Fields Virology: Emerging Viruses written by Peter M. Howley and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 2597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in four convenient volumes, Field’s Virology remains the most authoritative reference in this fast-changing field, providing definitive coverage of virology, including virus biology as well as replication and medical aspects of specific virus families. This volume of Field’s Virology: Emerging Viruses, 7th Edition covers recent changes in emerging viruses, providing new or extensively revised chapters that reflect these advances in this dynamic field.

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030904894X
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment by : National Research Council

Download or read book Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.