Victimhood Discourse In Contemporary Israel

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Victimhood Discourse in Contemporary Israel

Author : Ilan Peleg
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498553516
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Victimhood Discourse in Contemporary Israel by : Ilan Peleg

Download or read book Victimhood Discourse in Contemporary Israel written by Ilan Peleg and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals comprehensively with different aspects of collective victimhood in contemporary Israel, but also with the wider implications of this important concept for many other societies, including the Palestinian one. The eight highly-diverse, scholarly chapters included in this volume offer analysis of the politics of victimhood (viewing it as increasingly dominant within contemporary Israel), assess victimhood as a focal point of the Jewish historical legacy, trace the evolution and changes of Zionist thought as it relates to a sense of national victimhood, study the possibility of the political transformation of victimhood through changing perceptions and policies by top Israeli leaders, focus on important events that have contributed to the evolvement of the victimhood discourse in Israel and beyond (e.g. the 1967 Six-Day and 1973 Yom Kippur wars in the Middle East), examine the politics and ideology of victimhood within the Palestinian national movement, and offer new ways of progressing beyond national victimhood and toward a better future for people in the Middle East and beyond. The insights of the eight authors and their conceptualization of Israeli victimhood are of immediate relevance for numerous other national groups, as well as for a variety of disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences. This volume has been inspired by the universality of victimhood among humans, reflected in King Lear’s words (“I am a man more sinned against than sinning”), as well as by the words of the late Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin, telling the Knesset in Jerusalem: “No longer is it true that the whole world is against us”. While the book sums up the state of the field in regard to collective victimhood, it invites the readers to engage in contemplating the far-reaching implications of this important concept for our lives.

The Social Psychology of Collective Victimhood

Author : Johanna Ray Vollhardt
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190875216
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Psychology of Collective Victimhood by : Johanna Ray Vollhardt

Download or read book The Social Psychology of Collective Victimhood written by Johanna Ray Vollhardt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-23 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the world, many continue to experience collective violence and its long-lasting consequences. This book examines the social psychological processes involved in experiences of collective victimization and oppression, as well as the consequences of these experiences for individuals and for relations within and between groups. In twenty chapters, authors explore questions such as: How are experiences of collective victimization passed down and understood? How do people cope with and make sense of these experiences? Who is included and excluded from the category of "victims," and what are the psychological consequences of such denial versus acknowledgment of collective victimization? And finally, what are the ethics of researching collective victimization, especially when these experiences are recent or politically contested? The authors examine these questions and others across a range of different contexts of collective violence in different parts of the world, including ethnic and religious conflicts, the aftermath of genocides, post-Apartheid, consequences of settler colonialism, racism, the caste system, and national histories of victimization.

The Israel-Palestine Conflict

Author : Neil Caplan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119524032
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis The Israel-Palestine Conflict by : Neil Caplan

Download or read book The Israel-Palestine Conflict written by Neil Caplan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the "10 Must-Read Histories of the Palestine-Israel Conflict" —Ian Black, Literary Hub, on the 100th anniversary of the Balfour Declaration The new edition of the acclaimed text that explores the issues continuing to define the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Numerous instances of competing, sometimes incompatible narratives of controversial events are found throughout history. Perhaps the starkest example of such contradictory representations is the decades-long conflict between Israel and Palestine. For over 140 years, Israelis, Palestinians, and scores of peacemakers have failed to establish a sustainable, mutually-acceptable solution. The Israel-Palestine Conflict introduces the historical basis of the dispute and explores both the tangible issues and intangible factors that have blocked a peaceful resolution. Author Neil Caplan helps readers understand the complexities and contradictions of the conflict and why the histories of Palestine and Israel are so fiercely contested. Now in its second edition, this book has been thoroughly updated to reflect the events that have transpired since its original publication. Fresh insights consider the impact of current global and regional instability and violence on the prospects of peace and reconciliation. New discussions address recent debates over two-state versus one-state solutions, growing polarization in public discourse outside of the Middle East, the role of public intellectuals, and the growing trend of merging scholarship with advocacy. Part of the Wiley-Blackwell Contested Histories series, this clear and accessible volume: Offers a balanced, non-polemic approach to current academic discussions and political debates on the Israel-Palestine conflict Highlights eleven core arguments viewed by the author as unwinnable Encourages readers to go beyond simply assigning blame in the conflict Explores the major historiographical debates arising from the dispute Includes updated references and additional maps Already a standard text for courses on the history and politics of the Middle East, The Israel-Palestine Conflict is an indispensable resource for students, scholars, and interested general readers.

A Tale of Two Narratives

Author : Grace Wermenbol
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108890210
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis A Tale of Two Narratives by : Grace Wermenbol

Download or read book A Tale of Two Narratives written by Grace Wermenbol and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Holocaust and the Nakba are foundational traumas in Israeli-Jewish and Palestinian societies and form key parts of each respective collective identity. This book offers a parallel analysis of the transmission of these foundational pasts in Israeli-Jewish and Palestinian societies by exploring how the Holocaust and the Nakba have been narrated since the signing of the 1993 Oslo Accords. The work exposes the existence and perpetuation of ethnocentric victimhood narratives that serve as the theoretical foundations for an ensuing minimization – or even denial – of the other's past. Three established realms of societal memory transmission provide the analytical framework for this study: official state education, commemorative acts, and mass mediation. Through this analysis, the work demonstrates the interrelated nature of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the contextualization of the primary historical events, while also highlighting the universal malleability of mnemonic practices.

Continuity and Change in Political Culture

Author : Yael S. Aronoff
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1793605718
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis Continuity and Change in Political Culture by : Yael S. Aronoff

Download or read book Continuity and Change in Political Culture written by Yael S. Aronoff and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten leading scholars and practitioners of politics, political science, anthropology, Israel studies, and Middle East affairs address the theme of continuity and change in political culture as a tribute to Professor Myron (Mike) J. Aronoff whose work on political culture has built conceptual and methodological bridges between political science and anthropology. Topics include the legitimacy of the two-state solution, identity and memory, denationalization, the role of trust in peace negotiations, democracy, majority-minority relations, inclusion and exclusion, Biblical and national narratives, art in public space, and avant-garde theater. Countries covered include Israel, Palestine, the United States, the Basque Autonomous Region of Spain, and Poland. The first four chapters by Yael S. Aronoff, Saliba Sarsar, Yossi Beilin, and Nadav Shelef examine aspects of the conflict and peace negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians, including alternative solutions. The contributions by Naomi Chazan, Ilan Peleg, and Joel Migdal tackle challenges to democracy in Israel, in other divided societies, and in the creation of the American public. Yael Zerubavel, Roland Vazquez, and Jan Kubik focus their analyses on aspects of national memory, memorialization, and dramatization. Mike Aronoff relates his work on various aspects of political culture to each chapter in an integrative essay in the Epilogue.

Media and Democracy in the Middle East

Author : Nael Jebril
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000963624
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Media and Democracy in the Middle East by : Nael Jebril

Download or read book Media and Democracy in the Middle East written by Nael Jebril and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-09-20 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume examines the current challenges to media freedom and democratisation in the Middle East. The book revisits the relationship between media consumption and activism in the region, providing thorough analyses on the appropriation of social media for political engagement. Since the outburst and spread of what was known as the ‘Arab Uprisings’ in 2010, the political and media landscapes in the Middle East region have dramatically changed. The initial hope for democratic change and governance quality improvements has faded, as several regimes in the Middle East have strengthened their repressive tactics toward voices deemed critical of governments’ practices, including journalists, bloggers, and activists. The crumbling Arab media scene has also reached an abysmal low, with little to no independence, and public perception of basic freedoms in the region has significantly dropped, as has trust in media and government institutions. This book examines current challenges to media freedom, political participation, and democratisation in the region while reassessing the dynamic relationship between media use and political engagement, amidst a complex political environment accompanied by a rapidly changing digital media landscape. This book’s relevance will appeal to varied audiences, such as scholars and students of journalism, communication, political science, and Middle Eastern studies. It will also prove to be an invaluable resource for organisations dedicated to the research of political communication, media freedom, and use patterns of nontraditional, or new, media.

Handbook on the Politics of Memory

Author : Maria Mälksoo
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1800372531
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook on the Politics of Memory by : Maria Mälksoo

Download or read book Handbook on the Politics of Memory written by Maria Mälksoo and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-20 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a novel multi-disciplinary theorization of memory politics, this insightful Handbook brings varied literatures into a focused dialogue on the ways in which the past is remembered and how these influence transnational, interstate, and global politics in the present.

Good Jew, Bad Jew

Author : Steven Friedman
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1776148495
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (761 download)

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Book Synopsis Good Jew, Bad Jew by : Steven Friedman

Download or read book Good Jew, Bad Jew written by Steven Friedman and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2023-11 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political theorist Steven Friedman addresses how and why the current language around anti-Semitism in Israel has been distorted and weaponised to serve the political objectives of the Israeli state. Friedman's critique examines what this implies for the fight against racism in South Africa and India, and in other parts of the world.

Uncertainty and Its Discontents

Author : Peter J. Katzenstein
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009080288
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Uncertainty and Its Discontents by : Peter J. Katzenstein

Download or read book Uncertainty and Its Discontents written by Peter J. Katzenstein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-07 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldviews are the unexamined, pre-theoretical foundations of the approaches with which we understand and navigate the world, and this volume provides the first major study of worldviews in international relations. Advances in twentieth century physics and cosmology questioning anthropocentrism have fostered the articulation of alternative worldviews, rivalling conventional Newtonian humanism and its assumption that the world is constituted by controllable risks. This matters for accepting uncertainties that are an indelible part of many spheres of life including public health, the environment, finance, security and politics – uncertainties that are concealed by the conventional presumption that the world is governed only by risk. The confluence of risk and uncertainty requires an awareness of alternative worldviews, alerts us to possible intersections between humanist Newtonianism and hyper-humanist Post-Newtonianism, and reminds us of the relevance of science, religion and moral values in world politics. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Shifting Protracted Conflict Systems Through Local Interactions

Author : Tamra Pearson Pearson d’Estrée
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003838022
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Shifting Protracted Conflict Systems Through Local Interactions by : Tamra Pearson Pearson d’Estrée

Download or read book Shifting Protracted Conflict Systems Through Local Interactions written by Tamra Pearson Pearson d’Estrée and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-01-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the evolution of theoretical and practical approaches to intervening in protracted conflicts, following the work of Herb Kelman. Interactive problem solving, as developed by Kelman and others, sought to increase understanding about the microprocesses of international relations. Kelman early on emphasised the centrality of an interactive approach for constructing new identities, new narratives, and new ways forward. Transforming conflict systems requires strategic attention to the interactions between agents of change that provide stability or induce shift. This volume on interactive conflict approaches includes both critical reflections and new ideas from scholar-practitioners who have developed, revised, and expanded these approaches. Contributors take up important issues, from the shape and likelihood of solutions in intractable conflicts to how individuals can exist in realities with seemingly irresolvable inner and outer conflicts. The volume represents the best of current thinking about how the mechanisms, theoretical framework, and application of interactive problem solving should be moved into the twenty-first century context of increasing complexity, increasing uncertainty, and increasing polarisation. This book will be of interest to students of peace studies, conflict resolution, and international relations.

The Emotional Life of Populism

Author : Eva Illouz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1509558209
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis The Emotional Life of Populism by : Eva Illouz

Download or read book The Emotional Life of Populism written by Eva Illouz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-06-15 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the world, democracy is under assault from various populist movements and ideologies. And, throughout the world, the same enigma: why is it that political figures or governments, who have no qualms about aggravating social inequalities, enjoy the support of those whom their ideas and policies affect and hurt the most? To make sense of this enigma, the sociologist Eva Illouz argues that we must understand the crucial role that emotions play in our political life. Taking the case of Israel as her prime example, she shows that populist politics rest on four key emotions: fear, disgust, resentment, and love for one’s country. It is the combination of these four emotions and their relentless presence in the political arena that nourishes and underpins the rise and persistence of populism both in Israel and in many other countries around the world. This highly original perspective on the rise of populism will be of interest to anyone who wishes to understand the key political developments of our time.

Defiant Discourse

Author : Tamar Katriel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351716123
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis Defiant Discourse by : Tamar Katriel

Download or read book Defiant Discourse written by Tamar Katriel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this timely and innovative book, Tamar Katriel takes a language and discourse-centred approach to the subject of peace activism in Israel-Palestine, one of the most significant political issues of our time, while also posing more general questions about the role played by language in activist movements – how activists themselves conceptualize their speech and its relationship to action. Viewing activism as a globalized cultural formation that gives shape and meaning to grassroots organizations' struggles for political change, this book explores the relations between the cultural categories of speech and action as constructed and evaluated in activist contexts. It focuses on the specific empirical field of defiant discourse associated with the soldierly role in Israeli culture, using it to offer an in-depth exploration of the cultural underpinnings of defiant speech. Katriel interrogates discourse-centered activism as part of social movements' action repertoires on the one hand, and of the local cultural construction of speech cultures on the other. This is critical reading for all students and scholars studying activism and social movements within linguistics, Middle Eastern studies, peace studies, and communication studies.

Post-Conflict Hauntings

Author : Kim Wale
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030390772
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-Conflict Hauntings by : Kim Wale

Download or read book Post-Conflict Hauntings written by Kim Wale and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-02 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book engages the globally pressing question of how to live and work with the haunting power of the past in the aftermath of mass violence. It brings together a collection of interdisciplinary contributions to reflect on the haunting of post-conflict memory from the perspective of diverse country case studies including South Africa, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Northern Ireland, North and South Korea, Palestine and Israel, America and Australia. Contributions offer theoretical, empirical and practical insights on the nature of historical trauma and practices of collective healing and repair that include embodied, artistic and culturally relevant forms of wisdom for dealing with the past. While this question has traditionally been explored through the lens of trauma studies in relation to the post-Holocaust experience, this book provides new understandings from a variety of different historical contexts and disciplinary perspectives. Its chapters draw on, challenge and expand the trauma concept to propose more contextually relevant frameworks for transforming haunted memory in the aftermath of historical trauma.

The Politics of Jewishness in Contemporary World Literature

Author : Isabelle Hesse
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1474269354
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Jewishness in Contemporary World Literature by : Isabelle Hesse

Download or read book The Politics of Jewishness in Contemporary World Literature written by Isabelle Hesse and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reading a wide range of novels from post-war Germany to Israeli, Palestinian and postcolonial writers, The Politics of Jewishness in Contemporary World Literature is a comprehensive exploration of changing cultural perceptions of Jewishness in contemporary writing. Examining how representations of Jewishness in contemporary fiction have wrestled with such topics as the Holocaust, Israeli-Palestinian relations and Jewish diaspora experiences, Isabelle Hesse demonstrates the 'colonial' turn taken by these representations since the founding of the Jewish state. Following the dynamics of this turn, the book demonstrates new ways of questioning received ideas about victimhood and power in contemporary discussions of postcolonialism and world literature.

Identity, Place, and Subversion in Contemporary Mizrahi Cinema in Israel

Author : Yaron Shemer
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 0472029258
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis Identity, Place, and Subversion in Contemporary Mizrahi Cinema in Israel by : Yaron Shemer

Download or read book Identity, Place, and Subversion in Contemporary Mizrahi Cinema in Israel written by Yaron Shemer and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2013-07-29 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Identity, Place, and Subversion in Contemporary Mizrahi Cinema in Israel, Yaron Shemer presents the most comprehensive and systematic study to date of Mizrahi (Oriental-Jewish or Arab-Jewish) films produced in Israel in the last several decades. Through an analysis of dozens of films the book illustrates how narratives, characters, and space have been employed to give expression to Mizrahi ethnic identity and to situate the Mizrahi within the broader context of the Israeli societal fabric. The struggle over identity and the effort to redraw ethnic boundaries have taken place against the backdrop of a long-standing Zionist view of the Mizrahi as an inferior other whose “Levantine” culture posed a threat to the Western-oriented Zionist enterprise. In its examination of the nature and dynamics of Mizrahi cinema (defined by subject-matter), the book engages the sensitive topic of Mizrahi ethnicity head-on, confronting the conventional notion of Israeli society as a melting pot and the widespread dismissal of ethnic divisions in the country. Shemer explores the continuous marginalization of the Mizrahi in contemporary Israeli cinema and the challenge some Mizrahi films offer to the subjugation of this ethnic group. He also studies the role cultural policies and institutional power in Israel have played in shaping Mizrahi cinema and the creation of a Mizrahi niche in cinema. In a broader sense, this pioneering work is a probing exploration of Israeli culture and society through the prism of film and cinematic expression. It sheds light on the play of ethnicity, class, gender, and religion in contemporary Israel, and on the heated debates surrounding Zionist ideology and identity politics. By charting a new territory of academic inquiry grounded in an interdisciplinary theoretical framework, the study contributes to the formation of “Mizrahi Cinema” as a recognized and vibrant scholarly field.

The Representation of Perpetrators in Global Documentary Film

Author : Fernando Canet
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000966879
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Representation of Perpetrators in Global Documentary Film by : Fernando Canet

Download or read book The Representation of Perpetrators in Global Documentary Film written by Fernando Canet and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-10 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book aims to explore how the perpetrator of crimes against humanity is represented in recent documentary films in different sociocultural contexts around the world. In recent years the number of diverse forms of cultural productions focused on the figure of perpetrator has increased significantly, thus eliciting a turn toward this problematic figure. The originality of these narratives lies in the shift in point of view they propose: their protagonists, rather than being the victims of the atrocities, are instead their perpetrators. A significant number of documentary films examining crimes against humanity from the perpetrators’ perspective have been released in the first two decades of this century. This current tendency together with the growing scholarly interest in the explorations of the perpetrator underscore the timeliness of the present book. It aims to explore how the perpetrator is represented in recent documentary films in different sociocultural contexts around the world. The perpetrator documentary films’ objects of study in this book are contextualized in the following contexts: Indonesian, Cambodian and Rwandan genocides, Chilean and Argentine dictatorship, Spanish Civil War and its aftermaths, Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Nazi legacy, South Africa Apartheid and USA ́s state perpetrations. Among others, the documentary films analysed are as follows: The Act of Killing, The Look of Silence, S-21: The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine, National Bird, Fahrenheit 11/9, Waltz with Bashir, Z32, El Pacto de Adriana, El Color del Camaleón, 70 y Pico, and El hijo del cazador. The Representation of Perpetrators in Global Documentary Film will be a key resource for academics, researchers, and advanced students of Filmmaking, Communication Studies, Media Studies, Visual Studies, Cultural Studies, and Sociology. The chapters included in this book were originally published as a special issue of Continuum.

The Politics of Loss and Trauma in Contemporary Israeli Cinema

Author : Raz Yosef
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136789251
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (367 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Loss and Trauma in Contemporary Israeli Cinema by : Raz Yosef

Download or read book The Politics of Loss and Trauma in Contemporary Israeli Cinema written by Raz Yosef and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last decade has marked the growing visibility and worldwide interest in Israeli cinema. Films such as Walk on Water, Or, My Treasure, Beaufort and Waltz with Bashir have been commercially and critically successful both in Europe and the United States and have won a number of prestigious international awards. This book examines for the first time the new ideological and aesthetic trends in contemporary Israeli cinema. More specifically, it critically explores the complex and crucial role of Israeli cinema in remembering and restaging traumas and losses that were denied entry into the shared national past. One of the most striking phenomena in contemporary Israeli cinema is the number and scope of films dealing with past traumatic events – events that were repressed or insufficiently mourned, such as the memory of the Holocaust, traumas from wars and terrorist attacks, and the losses entailed by the experience of immigration. Current Israeli cinema exposes and highlights a radical discontinuity between history and memory. Traumatic events from Israeli society’s past are represented as the private memory of distinct social groups – soldiers, immigrants, women, queers – and not as collective memory, as a lived and practiced tradition that conditions Israeli society. This detachment from national collective memory pulls the films into a world marked by a persistent blurring of the historical context and by private and subjective impressions – a timeless world of dreams, hallucinations and myths. These groups feel duty-bound to remember the past, recasting repressed memories through the cinema in order to return and to give meaning to their identity.