Vibrant Botanicals

Download Vibrant Botanicals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ten Speed Press
ISBN 13 : 1984858963
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (848 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Vibrant Botanicals by : Jennifer McGruther

Download or read book Vibrant Botanicals written by Jennifer McGruther and published by Ten Speed Press. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 70+ nourishing recipes using adaptogens, herbs, and botanicals to heal, energize, and calm. “With unique and enticing recipes, Jennifer McGruther shows readers how easy it is to welcome healing herbs into their homes and food traditions.”—Rosalee de la Forêt, author of Alchemy of Herbs and Wild Remedies When used properly, plants provide a wealth of healing powers. Adaptogens (plant extracts that help the body adapt to stress) and herbs are some of the most potent sources of such energy and immunity—plus they have a host of additional health benefits. Cookbook author and blogger Jennifer McGruther of Nourished Kitchen expertly guides readers through the properties of herbal energetics and how to gain the most from these dynamic sources. Jennifer explains each function and application, and how to extract their benefits into tinctures, infused oils, teas and tisanes, vinegars, and more. And while store-bought adaptogenic powders and elixirs from popular retailers may be a hefty investment, Jennifer’s creations cost only a few dollars to make at home. Vibrant Botanicals provides more than 70 recipes for helping you feel your best when using herbal infusions. You’ll discover how cacao and licorice naturally awaken the body and can be incorporated into granolas, beverages, and breakfasts to jump-start your day. Garlic, astragalus, reishi, and more are showcased in homemade broth and fire cider to help build immunity; while passionflower, ashwagandha, and chamomile are mixed into creamy milk blends and teas to ensure peaceful sleep. Whether you are looking to fortify digestion, lift your spirits, or just enjoy a good night’s rest, Vibrant Botanicals provides the natural solution, through nourishing and herbal-rich recipes.

Vibrant Botanicals

Download Vibrant Botanicals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ten Speed Press
ISBN 13 : 1984858955
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (848 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Vibrant Botanicals by : Jennifer McGruther

Download or read book Vibrant Botanicals written by Jennifer McGruther and published by Ten Speed Press. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 70+ nourishing recipes using adaptogens, herbs, and botanicals to heal, energize, and calm. “With unique and enticing recipes, Jennifer McGruther shows readers how easy it is to welcome healing herbs into their homes and food traditions.”—Rosalee de la Forêt, author of Alchemy of Herbs and Wild Remedies When used properly, plants provide a wealth of healing powers. Adaptogens (plant extracts that help the body adapt to stress) and herbs are some of the most potent sources of such energy and immunity—plus they have a host of additional health benefits. Cookbook author and blogger Jennifer McGruther of Nourished Kitchen expertly guides readers through the properties of herbal energetics and how to gain the most from these dynamic sources. Jennifer explains each function and application, and how to extract their benefits into tinctures, infused oils, teas and tisanes, vinegars, and more. And while store-bought adaptogenic powders and elixirs from popular retailers may be a hefty investment, Jennifer’s creations cost only a few dollars to make at home. Vibrant Botanicals provides more than 70 recipes for helping you feel your best when using herbal infusions. You’ll discover how cacao and licorice naturally awaken the body and can be incorporated into granolas, beverages, and breakfasts to jump-start your day. Garlic, astragalus, reishi, and more are showcased in homemade broth and fire cider to help build immunity; while passionflower, ashwagandha, and chamomile are mixed into creamy milk blends and teas to ensure peaceful sleep. Whether you are looking to fortify digestion, lift your spirits, or just enjoy a good night’s rest, Vibrant Botanicals provides the natural solution, through nourishing and herbal-rich recipes.

Dr. Kidd's Guide to Herbal Dog Care

Download Dr. Kidd's Guide to Herbal Dog Care PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Storey Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1580171893
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (81 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dr. Kidd's Guide to Herbal Dog Care by : Randy Kidd

Download or read book Dr. Kidd's Guide to Herbal Dog Care written by Randy Kidd and published by Storey Publishing. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holistic veterinarian Dr. Randy Kidd explains how herbs can be used in the care of dogs. Includes chapters on common dog ailments and how to address them. Illustrations.

Natural Color

Download Natural Color PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Watson-Guptill
ISBN 13 : 1607749378
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Natural Color by : Sasha Duerr

Download or read book Natural Color written by Sasha Duerr and published by Watson-Guptill. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A beautiful book of seasonal projects for using the brilliant spectrum of colors derived from plants to naturally dye your clothing and home textiles. Organized by season, Natural Color is a beautifully photographed guide to the full range of plant dyes available, drawn from commonly found fruits, flowers, trees, and herbs, with accompanying projects. Using sustainable methods and artisinal techniques, designer, artist, and professor Sasha Duerr details achievable ways to apply these limitless color possibilities to your home and wardrobe. Whether you are new to dyeing or more practiced, Duerr's clear and simple ingredients lists, step-by-step instructions, and detailed breakouts on techniques such as shibori, dip-dye, and block printing will ensure beautiful results. With recipes to dye everything from dresses and sweaters to rugs and napkins, Natural Color will inspire fashion enthusiasts, home decorators, textile lovers, and everyone else who wants to bring more color into their life.

Botanical Sketchbook

Download Botanical Sketchbook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Batsford Books
ISBN 13 : 1849943028
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (499 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Botanical Sketchbook by : Mary Ann Scott

Download or read book Botanical Sketchbook written by Mary Ann Scott and published by Batsford Books. This book was released on 2015-03-05 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the story of one woman's journey from amateur painter to botanical artist, told through the sketchbooks and paintings she produced for the Distance Learning Diploma Course run by the Society of Botanical Artists. Packed with advice and tips, this book will serve as a guide and inspiration to anyone wanting to embark on life as a botanical artist. This book is both a showcase of Mary Ann Scott's work and a record of her achievements, including first-hand accounts of the joys and challenges she faced as she progressed. It contains work from every assignment she undertook, from her first attempts at drawing a tulip to the triumphant paintings she made for her diploma portfolio. Along the way are delicate floral compositions, juicy fruit and vegetables, botanical dissections, and her adventures out in the field. Margaret Stevens's comments on each assignments are also included, giving an insight into the assessment process and an all-round view of Mary Ann's successes and (very rare) failures. The book ends with a glorious selection of Mary Ann's ongoing work as a botanical artist.

Rosemary Gladstar's Herbal Recipes for Vibrant Health

Download Rosemary Gladstar's Herbal Recipes for Vibrant Health PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Storey Publishing, LLC
ISBN 13 : 160342640X
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Rosemary Gladstar's Herbal Recipes for Vibrant Health by : Rosemary Gladstar

Download or read book Rosemary Gladstar's Herbal Recipes for Vibrant Health written by Rosemary Gladstar and published by Storey Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promote vibrant health and radiant beauty, soothe everyday ailments, and ease persistent stress with these simple, natural cures for everything from dry skin and infant colic to cold symptoms and insomnia. Renowned herbalist Rosemary Gladstar provides 175 proven therapies and herbal remedies that are easy to prepare and safe enough for children. Offering a potent and effective alternative to commercial pharmaceuticals, Gladstar will inspire you to nurture yourself and those you love with nature’s healing herbs.

The Nourished Kitchen

Download The Nourished Kitchen PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Ten Speed Press
ISBN 13 : 1607744694
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Nourished Kitchen by : Jennifer McGruther

Download or read book The Nourished Kitchen written by Jennifer McGruther and published by Ten Speed Press. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cookbook from the author of the popular website Nourished Kitchen, featuring 175 recipes based on the "traditional foods" philosophy of eating, which emphasizes whole grains, dairy, red meat, organ meats, and fermented foods. The traditional foods movement is a fad-free approach to cooking and eating that emphasizes nutrient-dense, real food, and values quality, environment, and community over the convenience of processed, additive-laden products that are the norm on grocery store shelves. Based on the research of Weston A. Price, who studied the diets of indigenous peoples to understand the relationship between nutrition and health, a traditional foods diet avoids processed ingredients, but allows meat, animal fat, and grains. It embraces cultured dairy, such as kefir and yogurt, that contain beneficial bacteria; fermented foods, such as sauerkraut and kombucha, that are rich in probiotics; and organ meats that are packed with vitamins and minerals. It also celebrates locally grown foods. By choosing ingredients from nearby sources, you create a stronger connection to your food, and have a better understanding what you’re eating and how it was produced. In The Nourished Kitchen, Jennifer McGruther guides you through her traditional foods kitchen and offers more than 160 recipes inspired by the seasons, land, and waters around her. In the morning, fuel up with Eggs Poached in Fiery Tomato Sauce. On a hot summer day, Cucumber Salad with Dill and Kefir is a cooling side dish, and on a chilly fall evening, Barley in Broth with Bacon and Kale offers comfort and warmth. Old-Fashioned Meat Loaf with Gravy makes a hearty family meal, while Chicken in Riesling with Peas can be the centerpiece of an elegant supper. Satisfy your sweet tooth with Maple-Roasted Pears, and quench your thirst with naturally fermented Vanilla Mint Soda. With the benefit of Jennifer’s experience, you can craft a loaf of Whole Wheat and Spelt Sourdough Bread and stock your kitchen with Spiced Sour Pickles with Garlic. The Nourished Kitchen not only teaches how to prepare wholesome, nourishing foods, but also encourages a mindful approach cooking and a celebration of old-world culinary traditions that have sustained healthy people for millennia. Whether you’re already a practitioner of the traditional foods lifestyle or simply trying to incorporate more natural, highly nutritious foods into your routine, you will find plenty to savor in The Nourished Kitchen.

Aromatherapy

Download Aromatherapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 110166262X
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Aromatherapy by : Roberta Wilson

Download or read book Aromatherapy written by Roberta Wilson and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2002-06-03 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aromatherapy, the centuries-old practice of using botanical scents and oils for physical and psychic benefit, reached its peak of popularity in the early 2000s. Roberta Wilson's essential resource for aromatherapy offers hundreds of healing recipes for compresses, baths, inhalants, air fresheners, and skin-care products specifically designed to assuage common disorders and complaints. Organized in a handy A-to-Z format, Aromatherapy is the most trusted sourcebook for this gentle healing art. First published in 1995, Wilson’s guide is here revised and expanded to cover a wider selection of essential oils, more health conditions, and more ways of incorporating aromatherapy into your life.

Embroidered Botanicals

Download Embroidered Botanicals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Shambhala Publications
ISBN 13 : 1611807735
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (118 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Embroidered Botanicals by : Yumiko Higuchi

Download or read book Embroidered Botanicals written by Yumiko Higuchi and published by Shambhala Publications. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stitch simple and striking embroidery designs with wool, cotton, pearl cotton, and metallic threads. Japanese artist Yumiko Higuchi is celebrated for her embroidery designs with a Scandinavian flair. The motifs and patterns she offers here are true to her trademark zakka style: simple and graphic yet softened with organic shapes and imagery drawn from nature. The result is embroidery that feels modern and nostalgic all at once. In Embroidered Botanicals, Higuchi offers 39 embroidery projects highlighting the distinctive quality of different threads. With motifs created specifically for different types of thread-wool, cotton, pearl cotton, and metallic-makers will become better versed in the materials available to them. With beautiful photographs, clear step-by-step instructions, and detailed diagrams, this book will be an inspiring guide for those new to embroidery and a fresh and unique offering for those experienced with needle and thread.

Watercolor in Nature

Download Watercolor in Nature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Page Street Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1645674150
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (456 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Watercolor in Nature by : Rosalie Haizlett

Download or read book Watercolor in Nature written by Rosalie Haizlett and published by Page Street Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capture the Natural World with Vibrant Works of Art Nature illustrator Rosalie Haizlett has hiked through countless forests with her sketchbook and watercolors, documenting the plants, animals and landscapes that she encounters. She has also taught tens of thousands of students to paint and appreciate nature’s beauty through her popular online classes and in-person workshops. In this book, Rosalie provides step-by-step instruction on how to paint 20 realistic insects, fungi, birds, botanicals and mammals in her vibrant wet- on-dry watercolor style. Pick up the skills you need to become a better observer in the outdoors, take your own reference photos and paint a wide variety of subjects so that you can continue to draw inspiration from nature long after you finish the projects in this book. You’ll also learn some fun nature facts along the way! Whether you’re a total beginner or ready to take your skills to the next level, Rosalie is here to walk you through every step of the process.

The Joy of Botanical Drawing

Download The Joy of Botanical Drawing PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Watson-Guptill
ISBN 13 : 1984856723
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (848 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Joy of Botanical Drawing by : Wendy Hollender

Download or read book The Joy of Botanical Drawing written by Wendy Hollender and published by Watson-Guptill. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A gorgeous, easy-to-follow, and inspiring guide to stunningly realistic botanical drawing that covers everything you need to draw our natural world. Achieve amazingly realistic and vibrant botanical illustrations, from flowers so dazzling you feel as if you might be able to smell them, to tomatoes that look as if they've just been picked from the garden. Wendy Hollender is known for her vivid, detailed, and inspiring illustrations and in The Joy of Botanical Drawing, she helps you take your art to the next level by sharing her perfected techniques through short lessons that start simple, then build on the basics with easy-to-use and clear step-by-step illustrations. Using colored pencils and watercolor pencils, Hollender shows you how to accomplish scientifically accurate botanical portraits of a spiraling pine cone, a spiky chestnut, a fuchsia-tined radish, a graceful morning glory, and many more. From colorful leaves to delicate petals to textured bark and slender stems, The Joy of Botanical Drawing will give you the skills to complete lifelike drawings while also enjoying nature and the mindfulness of a regular drawing practice.

Beautiful Botanicals

Download Beautiful Botanicals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : C&T Publishing Inc
ISBN 13 : 1607051672
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Beautiful Botanicals by : Deborah Kemball

Download or read book Beautiful Botanicals written by Deborah Kemball and published by C&T Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2011-03-01 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A wonderful way to bring more beauty into your life . . . sophisticated floral appliqué projects, varying in size from pillows to quilts.” —The Professional Quilter Magazine Plant an indoor garden with a bounty of lyrical appliqué designs. All the project patterns are interchangeable, so you can create endless combinations of flowers and leaves. See how color-saturated cottons, vibrant silks, and tone-on-tone chintzes breathe new life into botanical appliqué. • 14 sophisticated floral appliqué projects include pillows, table runners, and small tapestry-style quilts and wall hangings • Full-size templates for 45 appliqué flowers, 2 butterflies, and 5 borders • Stitch up the projects as shown, or mix-and-match patterns to create your own masterpiece

Organic Body Care Recipes

Download Organic Body Care Recipes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Storey Publishing, LLC
ISBN 13 : 1603422137
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Organic Body Care Recipes by : Stephanie L. Tourles

Download or read book Organic Body Care Recipes written by Stephanie L. Tourles and published by Storey Publishing, LLC. This book was released on 2007-06-01 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the joys of all-natural body care. Stephanie Tourles shows you how to use fruit, flowers, herbs, and minerals to craft healthy products that promote radiant skin, strong nails, shiny hair, and an elevated mood. Pamper yourself from head to toe with products like Strawberry Cleanser, Pineapple Sunflower Scrub, and Almond Rose Body Lotion. Gentle on your skin and free of harsh chemicals found in commercial products, you’ll want to indulge yourself over and over with these luxuriously aromatic bath blends, face masks, and body scrubs.

Botanicals

Download Botanicals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Assouline Books & Gifts
ISBN 13 : 9782759402694
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (26 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Botanicals by : Leslie K. Overstreet

Download or read book Botanicals written by Leslie K. Overstreet and published by Assouline Books & Gifts. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes more than three centuries of drawings culled from the rare books library of the Smithsonian's Cooper-Hewitt National Museum of Design, each page in Botanicals explodes with rich colors and lifelike details. Exquisite flowers, delicate fruits, and exuberant butterflies are among the jewels of nature that come to life in this unique compendium. Featured are works by leading botanical artists, including Maria Sibylla Merian, a revolutionary female entomologist and natural historian of the seventeenth century; E.A. Seguy, whose art nouveau-era work serves as inspiration for many contemporary creative directors and designers; and Dr. Robert John Thornton, a British visionary renowned for his interest in botany.

The Art Of Herbal Healing: A Guide To Health And Wholeness

Download The Art Of Herbal Healing: A Guide To Health And Wholeness PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Green Turtle Botanical Sanctuary
ISBN 13 : 0692105751
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (921 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Art Of Herbal Healing: A Guide To Health And Wholeness by : Susan Clearwater, RN, BSN

Download or read book The Art Of Herbal Healing: A Guide To Health And Wholeness written by Susan Clearwater, RN, BSN and published by Green Turtle Botanical Sanctuary. This book was released on 2018-11-10 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Art of Herbal Healing is a comprehensive reference containing a wealth of information. The step-by-step instructions enable safe and responsible use of medicinal herbs to heal and promote vibrant health. Susan Clearwater presents a dynamic “hands-on” exploration into the amazing world of herbalism, empowering interaction with medicinal plants at whatever level you choose — from gardening, harvesting, and creating herbal teas and other preparations to learning which herbs are helpful for specific conditions. 700 PAGES ~ COLOR ILLUSTRATIONS

Sudsational

Download Sudsational PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Barrett Williams
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sudsational by : Barrett Williams

Download or read book Sudsational written by Barrett Williams and published by Barrett Williams. This book was released on 2024-06-29 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ### Sudsational The Ultimate Guide to Botanical Soap Making Unlock the secrets of natural soap making with **Sudsational**, an all-encompassing eBook designed to take your soap making skills to new heights. Whether you're a budding soaper or a seasoned artisan, this guide offers invaluable insights to create luscious, skin-loving soaps infused with the finest botanicals nature has to offer. Dive into the vibrant world of natural colorants in Chapter 1, where you'll explore the artistry behind extracting and preparing plant-based dyes. Learn how to achieve an array of stunning colors without the use of synthetic additives. In Chapter 2, discover the myriad benefits of incorporating botanicals into your soap. From nourishing your skin with natural ingredients to customizing your creations for specific skin types, this section reveals everything you need to know to make soap that's both beautiful and beneficial. Chapter 3 covers the intricacies of infusing soaps with botanicals. Understand the methods, safety techniques, and how to troubleshoot common issues to ensure each bar is perfect down to the last detail. Equip yourself with essential tools and materials in Chapter 4. Learn how to select and store top-quality ingredients while maintaining a clean and safe workspace. Master the fundamentals with Chapter 5's rundown of soap making techniques, from cold process to melt and pour methods. Detailed instructions and best practices will guide you through each step seamlessly. In Chapters 6 and 7, bring your knowledge to life with a variety of botanical soap recipes, ranging from simple creations like Lavender Infused Soap to more advanced blends such as Turmeric and Ginger Soap. Enhance every bar with the perfect scent using Chapter 8’s guide to essential oils. Discover popular combinations and the aromatherapy benefits they bring to your handmade soaps. Delve into artistic decorative techniques in Chapter 9, where you'll learn to embed dried flowers, layer colors, and add textures to create visually stunning soaps. Troubleshoot and refine your craft in Chapter 10, ensuring each bar meets the highest standards of quality and safety. Finally, Chapters 11 through 13 offer invaluable advice on packaging, scaling your production, and even transitioning from hobbyist to small business owner. Complete with a community-focused Chapter 14 and a motivational Chapter 15, **Sudsational** is your definitive guide to the enchanting world of botanical soap making.

Billy Showell's Botanical Painting in Watercolour

Download Billy Showell's Botanical Painting in Watercolour PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Search Press Limited
ISBN 13 : 1781265186
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (812 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Billy Showell's Botanical Painting in Watercolour by : Billy Showell

Download or read book Billy Showell's Botanical Painting in Watercolour written by Billy Showell and published by Search Press Limited. This book was released on 2016-03-18 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Billy Showell is a well-respected botanical watercolour artist, and her exceptional eye for detail and ability to re-create the form, texture, colour and patterning of a wide range of plants have earned her a formidable reputation worldwide. Her compositions are given a contemporary, sometimes playful twist, while retaining all the beauty and accuracy of traditional botanical paintings. In this inspiring and indispensable guide for botanical artists, she reveals the materials, methods and techniques she uses to attain her stunningly beautiful portraits of flowers, fruit and vegetables. There is expert guidance on tools and materials, working from life, observation, and drawing and painting techniques, as well as detailed sections on pattern, texture, and colour and colour mixing. With numerous step-by-step studies, close-up photographs and examples of Billy's exquisite paintings, this book is not only packed full of invaluable advice and information but also a visually stunning showcase for the work of this amazing artist.