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Variations In Grain Boundary Segregation For Nanocrystalline Stability And Strength
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Book Synopsis Variations in Grain Boundary Segregation for Nanocrystalline Stability and Strength by : Oscar Figueroa (III.)
Download or read book Variations in Grain Boundary Segregation for Nanocrystalline Stability and Strength written by Oscar Figueroa (III.) and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few decades, nanocrystalline metals have been of increasing interest. Their ability to show increased yield strength and uniform structure show them to be potentially useful in many applications. Additionally, nanocrystalline metals have become more easily manufactured in recent years, allowing for more testing and more use within industrial settings. However, nanocrystalline metals are still highly unstable, mainly due to temperature related growth. Grain boundary segregation is one way in which materials can keep nano length-scale grains. This process involves metal alloys that preferentially segregate the alloying material to the grain boundaries, potentially leading to Grain Boundary Embrittlement (GBE). Using an ideal work of fracture equation, [gamma] = 2[sigma]s - [sigma]g, the energy required to fracture nanocrystalline metal alloys was obtained, and predicted grain stability. Fracture toughness data is also calculated and compared. A contrast between bulk and nanocrystalline alloys is then made, showing benefits to the use of either set of materials for specific alloy functions.
Book Synopsis Grain Boundary Segregation as a Route to Stabilize Nanocrystalline Alloys by :
Download or read book Grain Boundary Segregation as a Route to Stabilize Nanocrystalline Alloys written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design of a Stable Nanocrystalline Alloy by : Heather Ann Murdoch
Download or read book Design of a Stable Nanocrystalline Alloy written by Heather Ann Murdoch and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocrystalline materials are inherently unstable due to their high material fraction of grain boundaries, preventing their improved properties from being used in application. To stabilize the nanoscale grain size against rampant growth, past literature has proposed lowering the grain boundary energy through solute segregation to the boundaries. This approach has seen varied experimental success, using a metric of segregation strength to select an alloying element. In those alloys were some measure of stabilization is gained through alloying, precipitation of a second phase disrupts the necessary segregation state and triggers grain growth. This work considers the total stability of a nanocrystalline alloy -- both stability against grain growth and stability against second phase precipitation -- by examining the changes in free energy associated with segregation and nanostructuring. It is discovered that the relationship of segregation and mixing enthalpies for a particular system dictates the nanocrystalline stability of the alloy. Nanocrystalline stability maps are constructed for several conditions that can be used to predict an alloy's ability to support a nanostructure. Also revealed by the generation of stability maps are new types of stable nanocrystalline phases - in addition to the expected nano-phase stabilized by solute decoration of the grain boundary, a solute-rich nanocrystalline phase is expected to be stable under some conditions, as is an amorphous phase. To connect material systems to the results predicted by this work, a new model for the enthalpy of segregation was derived.
Book Synopsis Grain Boundary Segregation in Metals by : Pavel Lejcek
Download or read book Grain Boundary Segregation in Metals written by Pavel Lejcek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-20 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain boundaries are important structural components of polycrystalline materials used in the vast majority of technical applications. Because grain boundaries form a continuous network throughout such materials, their properties may limit their practical use. One of the serious phenomena which evoke these limitations is the grain boundary segregation of impurities. It results in the loss of grain boundary cohesion and consequently, in brittle fracture of the materials. The current book deals with fundamentals of grain boundary segregation in metallic materials and its relationship to the grain boundary structure, classification and other materials properties.
Book Synopsis Atomic-Scale Analysis of Solute Segregation Energy Into Grain Boundaries and Polycrystals by : Tara Nenninger
Download or read book Atomic-Scale Analysis of Solute Segregation Energy Into Grain Boundaries and Polycrystals written by Tara Nenninger and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solute segregation in grain boundaries (GBs) is used in design to stabilize nanocrystalline alloys. While analyzing GB segregation energy as a spectrum allows for a more in-depth analysis of the effects of GB atomic structure on solute segregation, this method inherently ignores solute-solute interaction by nature of considering one solute at a time. Here we develop an efficient molecular statics (MS) algorithm for determining the local effect of solute-solute interaction on GB segregation. We apply this algorithm to a [Sigma]9 (221) symmetric tilt grain boundary in a bicrystal as well as a randomly oriented polycrystal for Ni and Cu solutes in Ag. The findings suggest that small changes in average segregation energy between one and two solutes correlate directly to the effect of a fixed solute on its local environment through solute-solute interactions. This work shows that this methodology succeeds to accelerate the study of complex segregation behavior such as heterogeneous and homogeneous tendencies.
Book Synopsis Influences of Solute Segregation on Grain Boundary Motion by : Hao Sun
Download or read book Influences of Solute Segregation on Grain Boundary Motion written by Hao Sun and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocrystalline materials are polycrystalline solids with grain size in the nanometer range (
Book Synopsis A Resolution of Grain Boundary Strengthening Mechanisms by Nanoindentation Induced Local Mechanical Response by :
Download or read book A Resolution of Grain Boundary Strengthening Mechanisms by Nanoindentation Induced Local Mechanical Response written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Grain boundary segregation is well known to cause significant embrittlement of alloys. But in certain cases, it has also been observed to increase mechanical strength. This project attempts to assess local mechanical behavior of specific grain boundaries with and without segregation in order to understand association between grain boundary chemistry and deformation mechanism utilizing instrumented nanoindentation technique. It is hypothesized that solute segregation strongly affects the grain boundary energy which in turn affects the deformation mechanism processes. This project also utilizes a unique ability provided by the instrumented indentation technique to interrogate local grain boundary strengthening mechanisms proposed by Hall-Petch and Taylor-Ashby using two different indentation geometries. Grain boundary mechanical properties have typically been interpolated from macroscopic mechanical testing on polycrystalline materials, or alternatively, mechanical test procedures carried out on bulk bicrystals. The disadvantages to these types of studies relate to the difficulty in extracting the local response of a particular grain boundary (in the case of polycrystalline materials) or the grain boundary region (in the case of a bicrystal material) from the overall response of the complex interaction between the presence of the grain boundary and the deformation behavior far from the grain boundary. That is, the grain boundary causes a non-local response to the mechanical behavior. This non-local response is particularly evident in bicrystal deformation, where the macroscopic plastic displacement is inconsistent with that observed for single crystal deformation. Moreover, local hardness testing of grain boundary regions in macroscopically deformed materials show that the deformation in the grain boundary region is leads to greater local dislocation density than found in the grain center. This project is designed to use nanoindentation to isolate the mechanical response of the grain boundary as the dependent variable, where indentation geometry, indentation rate, grain boundary misorientation and sample chemistry are the independent experimental variables. It is proposed that this approach can provide insight into long standing hypotheses regarding grain boundary strengthening mechanisms, including the Hall-Petch pile-up theory, grain boundary source theory, grain boundary layer theory and the Ashby-Taylor strain incompatibility theory.
Book Synopsis Bulk Metallic Glasses by : C. Suryanarayana
Download or read book Bulk Metallic Glasses written by C. Suryanarayana and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the fast pace of research in the field, the Second Edition of Bulk Metallic Glasses has been thoroughly updated and remains essential reading on the subject. It incorporates major advances in glass forming ability, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties. Several of the newly proposed criteria to predict the glass-forming ability of alloys have been discussed. All other areas covered in this book have been updated, with special emphasis on topics where significant advances have occurred. These include processing of hierarchical surface structures and synthesis of nanophase composites using the chemical behavior of bulk metallic glasses and the development of novel bulk metallic glasses with high-strength and high-ductility and superelastic behavior. New topics such as high-entropy bulk metallic glasses, nanoporous alloys, novel nanocrystalline alloys, and soft magnetic glassy alloys with high saturation magnetization have also been discussed. Novel applications, such as metallic glassy screw bolts, surface coatings, hyperthermia glasses, ultra-thin mirrors and pressure sensors, mobile phone casing, and degradable biomedical materials, are described. Authored by the world’s foremost experts on bulk metallic glasses, this new edition endures as an indispensable reference and continues to be a one-stop resource on all aspects of bulk metallic glasses.
Book Synopsis Effect of Carbon and Sulfer Segregation on the Grain Boundary Strength of Iron by : Bang-hung Tsao
Download or read book Effect of Carbon and Sulfer Segregation on the Grain Boundary Strength of Iron written by Bang-hung Tsao and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermodynamic Modeling of Grain Boundaries Complexions and Developing Grain Boundary Complexion Diagrams for Multicomponent Metallic Systems by : Naixie Zhou
Download or read book Thermodynamic Modeling of Grain Boundaries Complexions and Developing Grain Boundary Complexion Diagrams for Multicomponent Metallic Systems written by Naixie Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain boundaries (GBs) in crystalline materials can be treated as interfacial phases which are called complexions. Like bulk phases, GB complexions can undergo first-order or continuous transitions with varying thermodynamic potential and such GB complexion transitions can cause abrupt changes in structure and chemistry of GBs, thereby critically influencing a broad range of interfacial controlled materials' properties such as sintering, grain growth, creep, embrittlement, electrical/thermal/ionic conductivity. Specifically, the presence of multiple dopants and impurities can significantly alter the GB complexion formation and transition. In the first part, a thermodynamic framework is developed to forecast the formation and stability of disordered premelting-like grain boundary complexions in multicomponent alloys to consider the interactions of multiple alloying elements. Subsequently, ternary and quaternary grain boundary diagrams have been computed and used to forecast the sintering behaviors of W-Ni-M (M = Fe, Co, Cr, Zr, Nb and Ti) and Mo-Si-B-M (M = Ni, Co and Fe) systems. In the second part, grain boundary adsorption transitions are studied using an Ising type lattice model. The GB complexion diagram is computed for the average general GBs in Bi-doped Ni. The predictions are calibrated with previously-reported density functional theory calculations and further validated by aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization results as well as prior Auger electron spectroscopy measurements. Subsequently, using the same model, a systematics of grain boundary adsorption transitions is derived. A normalized segregation strength is defined to represent the effects of mixing energy, solute strain and differential bonding energies as well as the misorientation for symmetrical twist boundaries, which is shown to be a dominant factor in controlling adsorption transition behaviors. This derived systematics of GBs exhibits phenomenological similarities to the cases of multilayer adsorption of inert gas molecules on the surfaces of attractive substrates, enriches the classical grain boundary segregation/adsorption theory. In the third part, bulk computational thermodynamics are extended to model binary poly/nanocrystalline alloys by incorporating grain boundary energies computed by a multilayer adsorption model. A new kind of stability diagram for equilibrium-grain-size poly/nanocrystalline alloys is developed. Computed results for Zr-doped Fe are validated by prior experiments and provide new physical insights regarding stabilization of nanoalloys and its relation to solid-state amorphization. In the final part, the effect of multicomponent alloying on the thermal stability of nanocrystalline alloys is studied. By introducing more alloying components, the grain boundary energy can be reduced more significantly via both bulk and grain-boundary high-entropy effects with increasing temperature at/within the solid solubility limit, thereby reducing the thermodynamic driving force for grain growth. Moreover, grain boundary migration can be hindered by sluggish kinetics. The theory is supported by numerical experiments and experiments in Ni systems.
Book Synopsis Uncovering the Influence of Common Nonmetallic Impurities on the Stability and Strength of a Σ5 (310) Grain Boundary in Cu by :
Download or read book Uncovering the Influence of Common Nonmetallic Impurities on the Stability and Strength of a Σ5 (310) Grain Boundary in Cu written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modelling of Grain Boundary Segregation, Precipitation and Precipitate-free Zones of High Strength Aluminium Alloys by : Hong Jiang
Download or read book Modelling of Grain Boundary Segregation, Precipitation and Precipitate-free Zones of High Strength Aluminium Alloys written by Hong Jiang and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transmission Electron Microscopy by : C. Barry Carter
Download or read book Transmission Electron Microscopy written by C. Barry Carter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is a companion volume to Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science by Williams and Carter. The aim is to extend the discussion of certain topics that are either rapidly changing at this time or that would benefit from more detailed discussion than space allowed in the primary text. World-renowned researchers have contributed chapters in their area of expertise, and the editors have carefully prepared these chapters to provide a uniform tone and treatment for this exciting material. The book features an unparalleled collection of color figures showcasing the quality and variety of chemical data that can be obtained from today’s instruments, as well as key pitfalls to avoid. As with the previous TEM text, each chapter contains two sets of questions, one for self assessment and a second more suitable for homework assignments. Throughout the book, the style follows that of Williams & Carter even when the subject matter becomes challenging—the aim is always to make the topic understandable by first-year graduate students and others who are working in the field of Materials Science Topics covered include sources, in-situ experiments, electron diffraction, Digital Micrograph, waves and holography, focal-series reconstruction and direct methods, STEM and tomography, energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) imaging, and spectrum imaging. The range and depth of material makes this companion volume essential reading for the budding microscopist and a key reference for practicing researchers using these and related techniques.
Book Synopsis Mechanical Alloying And Milling by : Cury Suryanarayana
Download or read book Mechanical Alloying And Milling written by Cury Suryanarayana and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-09-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book surveys the broad field of mechanical alloying from a scientific and technological perspective to form a timely and comprehensive resource valuable to both students and researchers. The treatment progresses from the historical background through a description of the process, the different metastable effects produced, and the mechanisms of
Book Synopsis Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology, Third Edition by : William A. Goddard III
Download or read book Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology, Third Edition written by William A. Goddard III and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-12 with total page 1097 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his 1959 address, "There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom," Richard P. Feynman speculated about manipulating materials atom by atom and challenged the technical community "to find ways of manipulating and controlling things on a small scale." This visionary challenge has now become a reality, with recent advances enabling atomistic-level tailoring and control of materials. Exemplifying Feynman’s vision, Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology, Third Edition continues to explore innovative nanoscience, engineering, and technology areas. Along with updating all chapters, this third edition extends the coverage of emerging nano areas even further. Two entirely new sections on energy and biology cover nanomaterials for energy storage devices, photovoltaics, DNA devices and assembly, digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip, and much more. This edition also includes new chapters on nanomagnet logic, quantum transport at the nanoscale, terahertz emission from Bloch oscillator systems, molecular logic, electronic optics in graphene, and electromagnetic metamaterials. With contributions from top scientists and researchers from around the globe, this color handbook presents a unified, up-to-date account of the most promising technologies and developments in the nano field. It sets the stage for the next revolution of nanoscale manufacturing—where scalable technologies are used to manufacture large numbers of devices with complex functionalities.
Book Synopsis Fatigue and Fracture of Nanostructured Materials by : Pasquale Cavaliere
Download or read book Fatigue and Fracture of Nanostructured Materials written by Pasquale Cavaliere and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the main approaches for production and synthesis of nanostructured metals and alloys, taking into account the fatigue behavior of materials in additive manufactured components. Depending on the material type, form, and application, a deep discussion of fatigue properties and crack behavior is also provided. Pure nanostructured metals, complex alloys and composites are further considered. Prof. Cavaliere’s examination is supported by the most up-to-date understanding from the scientific literature along with a thorough presentation of theory. Bringing together the widest range of perspective on its topic, the book is ideal for materials researchers, professional engineers in industry, and students interested in nanostructured materials, fracture/fatigue mechanics, and additive manufacturing. Describes in detail the relevance of nanostructures in additive manufacturing technologies; Includes sufficient breadth and depth on theoretical modelling of fatigue and crack behavior for use in the classroom; Identifies many open questions regarding different theories through experimental finding; Contextualizes the latest scientific results for readers in industry.
Book Synopsis Grain Boundary Migration in Metals by : Gunter Gottstein
Download or read book Grain Boundary Migration in Metals written by Gunter Gottstein and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-06-17 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The behavior of adjacent materials at the boundary where they meet is an essential aspect of creating new engineering materials. Grain Boundary Migration in Metals is an authoritative account of the physics of grain boundary motion, written by two highly respected researchers. They provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the migration process and how it affects microstructure evolution, focusing their treatment exclusively on the properties and behavior of grain boundaries with well defined geometry and crystallography. With their emphasis on applications-such as the characterization of microstructure and texture, recrystallization, and grain growth-the authors effectively fill the gap between the physics of grain boundary motion and its engineering practicality. The need for better microstructural design motivates permanent thrust for research in the field, and continued rapid progress appears inevitable. Grain Boundary Migration in Metals provides a solid foundation in the phenomena and serves as a valuable reference for professionals in materials science, solid state physics, and any industry engaged in metals production and the heat treatment of metals and alloys.
