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Utilization Of Aerial Sensor Platforms For Characterization Of Land Based Distributed Radiological Sources For Radiological Event Response
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Book Synopsis Utilization of Aerial Sensor Platforms for Characterization of Land-based, Distributed Radiological Sources for Radiological Event Response by : Nathanael Simerl
Download or read book Utilization of Aerial Sensor Platforms for Characterization of Land-based, Distributed Radiological Sources for Radiological Event Response written by Nathanael Simerl and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method to characterize distributed radiological sources and the environment using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and commercial-of-the-shelf hardware and software was developed and implemented. High-altitude aerial surveys typically used for widespread distributed sources lack the spatial resolution needed to accurately describe the activity and exposure distributions at or near the ground. At this time, ground-truth measurements are necessary to normalize data collected at high altitudes, an operation that may not be feasible in certain scenarios. Furthermore, available prediction and modeling algorithms require multiple inputs which are unlikely to be available at the time of radiological release, resulting in an inadequate prediction of the spread of contamination. Low-level surveys circumvent these problems by directly measuring the exposure rate at the human level (1 m above the ground), eliminating the need for ground-truth normalization and the reliance on modeling and prediction algorithms. This research has shown that, when equipped with sufficient radiation detection systems, automated, low-level aerial surveys produce exposure rate maps that generally agree with ground-truth results and maintain a spatial resolution on the order of a few meters. The use of remote survey equipment reduces the radiological risk for response personnel, allowing for characterization of a site without direct exposure during the measurement process. UAVs may be used for measurements over distributed sources of various sizes, from a small radiological release via a radiological dispersal device, to a large-scale disaster (e.g., Fukushima Daiichi); the latter through the use of UAV swarms. These systems would also prove useful for localization of point sources. The research described herein includes the successful development and characterization of a ground-truth radiation detection system that uses a vehicle-mobile, collimated scintillator for activity distribution determination following three detonations of activated potassium bromide. A UAV-mounted scintillator system was characterized and implemented for aerial spectroscopic measurements over the same distribution to compare with the data from ground-truth measurements. UAV photogrammetry surveys were executed to form overhead maps and three-dimensional (3D) models of the test site. These maps and models were used to display radiological data from a standard overhead perspective, as a stand-alone 3D model, and in an explorable virtual environment. These methods comprise a complete radiological survey package that can mostly be implemented with easily-replaceable materials and at a relatively low cost, improving package flexibility and availability over specialized systems that rely heavily on custom hardware and software. This aspect is important as environmental conditions may increase the risk of losing the platform and payload due to a crash.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Earth Resources by : NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Earth Resources written by NASA Scientific and Technical Information Facility and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook for Aerial Radiological Monitors by : United States. Office of Civil Defense
Download or read book Handbook for Aerial Radiological Monitors written by United States. Office of Civil Defense and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides technical and operational guidance for aerial radiological surveys. It should be reviewed periodically and used as a reference in emergency exercises.
Book Synopsis N42.63-2023 - IEEE Standard for Unmanned Aerial Radiation Measurement Systems (UARaMS). by :
Download or read book N42.63-2023 - IEEE Standard for Unmanned Aerial Radiation Measurement Systems (UARaMS). written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earth Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aerial Radiological Measurement Compatibility in Emergency Incident Response by :
Download or read book Aerial Radiological Measurement Compatibility in Emergency Incident Response written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Direction-Sensitive Radiation Detector for Low-Altitude, UAV-based Radiological Source Search by : Eric Matthew Becker
Download or read book A Direction-Sensitive Radiation Detector for Low-Altitude, UAV-based Radiological Source Search written by Eric Matthew Becker and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many devices and methods for radiological searches are currently being developed, including scanning using simple detectors, mapping using large-volume detectors, and Compton imaging using 3-D position sensitive detectors. However, these devices are typically expensive and the methods used require long periods of time to generate a direction or location. The Radiation Compass, currently being developed at Oregon State University, is a low-cost detector designed for dynamic use on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and will generate a most probable source direction that will be used to guide the motion of the UAV. The prototype detection system is composed of sixteen detection elements based on a BGO crystal coupled to a SiPM and arranged in a circular array. A specific detector response pattern of radiation count rates is generated based on the passive masking of detection elements on opposite sides of the array, and each of the detector panels is able to rotate to optimize its efficiency with respect to the Radiation Compass altitude. Three direction estimation methods were investigated and used to study the performance of the Radiation Compass. The Radiation Compass is able to detect the presence of a 10 μCi 137Cs source in under 8 seconds with 95% confidence at a background rate of 25.5 counts per second at ground level at a distance of 100 cm from the center of the Radiation Compass. The device also achieved an an accuracy of 1.8° and a 95% confidence width of 8.6° for a 12.3 μCi 137Cs source in 60 seconds at ground level, at a background rate of 13.12 counts per second, and a distance of 100 cm from the center of the detector.
Book Synopsis Aerial Measuring System Sensor Modeling by :
Download or read book Aerial Measuring System Sensor Modeling written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project deals with the modeling the Aerial Measuring System (AMS) fixed-wing and rotary-wing sensor systems, which are critical U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) Consequence Management assets. The fixed-wing system is critical in detecting lost or stolen radiography or medical sources, or mixed fission products as from a commercial power plant release at high flying altitudes. The helicopter is typically used at lower altitudes to determine ground contamination, such as in measuring americium from a plutonium ground dispersal during a cleanup. Since the sensitivity of these instruments as a function of altitude is crucial in estimating detection limits of various ground contaminations and necessary count times, a characterization of their sensitivity as a function of altitude and energy is needed. Experimental data at altitude as well as laboratory benchmarks is important to insure that the strong effects of air attenuation are modeled correctly. The modeling presented here is the first attempt at such a characterization of the equipment for flying altitudes. The sodium iodide (NaI) sensors utilized with these systems were characterized using the Monte Carlo N-Particle code (MCNP) developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. For the fixed wing system, calculations modeled the spectral response for the 3-element NaI detector pod and High-Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector, in the relevant energy range of 50 keV to 3 MeV. NaI detector responses were simulated for both point and distributed surface sources as a function of gamma energy and flying altitude. For point sources, photopeak efficiencies were calculated for a zero radial distance and an offset equal to the altitude. For distributed sources approximating an infinite plane, gross count efficiencies were calculated and normalized to a uniform surface deposition of 1 [mu]Ci/m2. The helicopter calculations modeled the transport of americium-241 (241Am) as this is the ''marker'' isotope utilized by the system for Pu detection. The helicopter sensor array consists of 2 six-element NaI detector pods, and the NaI pod detector response was simulated for a distributed surface source of 241Am as a function of altitude.
Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radioactive Particles in the Environment by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Radioactive Particles in the Environment written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports on the outcome of an IAEA coordinated research project in the area of measurement and characterization of radioactive particles in the environment. This publication summarizes the achievements and findings of the project participants and gives guidance for application of the techniques for evaluation of contaminated areas.
Download or read book Earth Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in Scientific and technical aerospace reports (STAR) and International Aerospace Abstracts (IAA).
Book Synopsis Aerial Radiological Monitoring System. I. Theoretical Analysis, Design, and Operation of a Revised System by :
Download or read book Aerial Radiological Monitoring System. I. Theoretical Analysis, Design, and Operation of a Revised System written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Division of Biology and Medicine (DBM), Atomic Energy Commission, requested that Edgerton, Germeshausen & Grier, Inc., perform a system analysis of the Aerial Radiological Monitoring Survey (ARMS) program. The objective of the analysis was to determine the feasibility of reducing the volume and the weight of the radiation-detection instrumentation and of making other possible improvements, including navigation and data reduction to yield ground- radiation-contour maps at a reduced operating cost. The present Division of Biology and Medicine-U.S. Geological Survey cooperative ARMS program is reviewed, and a philosophy of an optimum approach covering only the area of DBM interest is developed. The existing aerial radiometric measurement system is unsuitable in the light of present DBM requirements. The electronic design of a revised ARMS system is outlined in detail. Necessary modifications and accessories required with the aircraft are described. The envisioned integrated installation in a Beech Model 5OE aircraft is given. Operating procedures are developed for both normal survey conditions and disaster situations. Systems error is discussed on the basis of the accuracy required with the integrated system for radiation measurements and space positioning of the aircraft.
Book Synopsis Investigation of an MLE Algorithm for Quantification of Aerial Radiological Measurements by :
Download or read book Investigation of an MLE Algorithm for Quantification of Aerial Radiological Measurements written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Download or read book Backpacker written by and published by . This book was released on 2007-09 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Backpacker brings the outdoors straight to the reader's doorstep, inspiring and enabling them to go more places and enjoy nature more often. The authority on active adventure, Backpacker is the world's first GPS-enabled magazine, and the only magazine whose editors personally test the hiking trails, camping gear, and survival tips they publish. Backpacker's Editors' Choice Awards, an industry honor recognizing design, feature and product innovation, has become the gold standard against which all other outdoor-industry awards are measured.
