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Using Gps Travel Data To Assess The Real World Driving Energy Use Of Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Phevs
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Book Synopsis Using GPS Travel Data to Assess the Real World Driving Energy Use of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). by :
Download or read book Using GPS Travel Data to Assess the Real World Driving Energy Use of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlights opportunities using GPS travel survey techniques and systems simulation tools for plug-in hybrid vehicle design improvements, which maximize the benefits of energy efficiency technologies.
Book Synopsis Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) by : Joeri Van Mierlo
Download or read book Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) written by Joeri Van Mierlo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-27 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change, urban air quality, and dependency on crude oil are important societal challenges. In the transportation sector especially, clean and energy efficient technologies must be developed. Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have gained a growing interest in the vehicle industry. Nowadays, the commercialization of EVs and PHEVs has been possible in different applications (i.e., light duty, medium duty, and heavy duty vehicles) thanks to the advances in energy storage systems, power electronics converters (including DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, and battery charging systems), electric machines, and energy efficient power flow control strategies. This book is based on the Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences on “Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)”. This collection of research articles includes topics such as novel propulsion systems, emerging power electronics and their control algorithms, emerging electric machines and control techniques, energy storage systems, including BMS, and efficient energy management strategies for hybrid propulsion, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-to-home (V2H), grid-to-vehicle (G2V) technologies, and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems.
Book Synopsis Intelligent Control of Connected Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles by : Amir Taghavipour
Download or read book Intelligent Control of Connected Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Amir Taghavipour and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligent Control of Connected Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles presents the development of real-time intelligent control systems for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which involves control-oriented modelling, controller design, and performance evaluation. The controllers outlined in the book take advantage of advances in vehicle communications technologies, such as global positioning systems, intelligent transportation systems, geographic information systems, and other on-board sensors, in order to provide look-ahead trip data. The book contains simple and efficient models and fast optimization algorithms for the devised controllers to address the challenge of real-time implementation in the design of complex control systems. Using the look-ahead trip information, the authors of the book propose intelligent optimal model-based control systems to minimize the total energy cost, for both grid-derived electricity and fuel. The multilayer intelligent control system proposed consists of trip planning, an ecological cruise controller, and a route-based energy management system. An algorithm that is designed to take advantage of previewed trip information to optimize battery depletion profiles is presented in the book. Different control strategies are compared and ways in which connecting vehicles via vehicle-to-vehicle communication can improve system performance are detailed. Intelligent Control of Connected Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles is a useful source of information for postgraduate students and researchers in academic institutions participating in automotive research activities. Engineers and designers working in research and development for automotive companies will also find this book of interest. Advances in Industrial Control reports and encourages the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.
Book Synopsis Electric and Hybrid Vehicles by : Gianfranco Pistoia
Download or read book Electric and Hybrid Vehicles written by Gianfranco Pistoia and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-27 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Power Sources, Models, Sustainability, Infrastructure and the Market reviews the performance, cost, safety, and sustainability of battery systems for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs), including nickel-metal hydride batteries and Li-ion batteries. Throughout this book, especially in the first chapters, alternative vehicles with different power trains are compared in terms of lifetime cost, fuel consumption, and environmental impact. The emissions of greenhouse gases are particularly dealt with. The improvement of the battery, or fuel cell, performance and governmental incentives will play a fundamental role in determining how far and how substantial alternative vehicles will penetrate into the market. An adequate recharging infrastructure is of paramount importance for the diffusion of vehicles powered by batteries and fuel cells, as it may contribute to overcome the so-called range anxiety."" Thus, proposed battery charging techniques are summarized and hydrogen refueling stations are described. The final chapter reviews the state of the art of the current models of hybrid and electric vehicles along with the powertrain solutions adopted by the major automakers. Contributions from the worlds leading industry and research experts Executive summaries of specific case studies Information on basic research and application approaches
Book Synopsis Green Energy Economies by : John Byrne
Download or read book Green Energy Economies written by John Byrne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Energy Economies offers insight into the major drivers that are shaping a new future powered by clean energy sources. Assembling cutting-edge researchers as contributors, the book provides a comprehensive account of the shift underway, examining in detail the complexities and intricacies involved with such a transition. The book first details the promises and problems of a green energy transition. Next, it explores the economic benefits that a comprehensive strategy toward a green energy economy might create. Then it investigates how communities will be affected and explores the social, cultural, and other changes that are likely to result. Finally, it explores the shift toward new technologies in-depth. Green Energy Economies concludes with policy options that support a transition to a better energy, environmental, and economic future. The contributors argue that a green energy economy offers great promise, but its realization will require making hard choices, and soon. They argue for investments in renewable energy and economic systems that can deliver a sustainable and equitable future. This book makes a forceful case for a green future.
Book Synopsis Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2010 by : Gereon Meyer
Download or read book Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2010 written by Gereon Meyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-11 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automobile of the future has to meet two primary requirements: the super-efficient use of energy and power and the ultra-safe transportation of people and goods. Both features are increasingly enabled by smart, adaptive and context aware information and communication technologies (ICT), elect- cal or electronic components and systems rather than solely by the mecha- cal means of classic automotive engineering. The most advanced example of this trend is the electrified vehicle combining a full electric powertrain with completely electronic controls like smart power and energy managers, ste- by-wire technologies and intelligent networking capabilities allowing all p- viders and consumers of energy to work in efficient synergy. In the course of this year the first series production electric vehicles will finally come into the market. Automakers – unsure if electric vehicles would really sell – have long time been hesitant to make the necessary changes of their product portfolios. In the coincidence of economic crisis and growing concerns about global warming and energy security companies and public authorities jointly succeeded to overcome many obstacles on the path towards electrifi- tion.
Book Synopsis Industrial Applications of Batteries by : Michel Broussely
Download or read book Industrial Applications of Batteries written by Michel Broussely and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-02-13 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Applications of Batteries looks at both the applications and the batteries and covers the relevant scientific and technological features. Presenting large batteries for stationary applications, e.g. energy storage, and also batteries for hybrid vehicles or different tools. The important aerospace field is covered both in connection with satellites and space missions. Examples of applications include, telecommunications, uninterruptible power supplies, systems for safety/alarms, car accessories, toll collection, asset tracking systems, medical equipment, and oil drilling.The first chapter on applications deals with electric and hybrid vehicles. Four chapters are devoted to stationary applications, i.e. energy storage (from the electric grid or solar/wind energy), load levelling, telecommunications, uninterruptible power supplies, back-up for safety/alarms. Battery management by intelligent systems and prediction of battery life are dealt with in a dedicated chapter. The topic of used battery collection and recycling, with the description of specific treatments for the different systems, is also extensively treated in view of its environmental relevance. Finally, the world market of these batteries is presented, with detailed figures for the various applications. * Updated and full overview of the power sources for industries* Written by leading scientists in their fields * Well balanced in terms of scientific and technical information
Book Synopsis Sustainability, Energy, and Alternative Fuels 2007 by : National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Download or read book Sustainability, Energy, and Alternative Fuels 2007 written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRR no. 2017 includes 8 papers that explore policy making for sustainability in transport, indicators for comprehensive and sustainable transport planning, measuring sustainable accessibility, energy use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, attitudes of diesel and hybrid new car buyers, greenhouse gas emissions of the U.S. transportation sector, oil independence, and macroeconomic effects of climate policies on road transport.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles' Utility Factors Using GPS-based Longitudinal Travel Data by :
Download or read book Analysis of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles' Utility Factors Using GPS-based Longitudinal Travel Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The benefit of using a PHEV comes from its ability to substitute gasoline with electricity in operation. Defined as the proportion of distance traveled in the electric mode, the utility factor (UF) depends mostly on the battery capacity, but also on many other factors, such as travel pattern and recharging pattern. Conventionally, the UFs are calculated based on the daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT) by assuming motorists leave home in the morning with a full battery, and no charge occurs before returning home in the evening. Such an assumption, however, ignores the impact of the heterogeneity in both travel and charging behavior, such as going back home more than once in a day, the impact of available charging time, and the price of gasoline. In addition, the conventional UFs are based on the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data, which are one-day travel data of each sample vehicle. A motorist's daily distance variation is ignored. This paper employs the GPS-based longitudinal travel data (covering 3-18 months) collected from 403 vehicles in the Seattle metropolitan area to investigate how such travel and charging behavior affects UFs. To do this, for each vehicle, we organized trips to a series of home and work related tours. The UFs based on the DVMT are found close to those based on home-to-home tours. However, it is seen that the workplace charge opportunities significantly increase UFs if the CD range is no more than 40 miles.
Book Synopsis An Activity-based Assessment of the Potential Impacts of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) on Energy and Emissions Using One-day Travel Data by : Jee Eun Kang
Download or read book An Activity-based Assessment of the Potential Impacts of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) on Energy and Emissions Using One-day Travel Data written by Jee Eun Kang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuel Use Reporting Methods and Results by :
Download or read book Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuel Use Reporting Methods and Results written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Fuel Use Reporting Methods and Results report provides real world test results from PHEV operations and testing in 20 United States and Canada. Examples are given that demonstrate the significant variations operational parameters can have on PHEV petroleum use. In addition to other influences, PHEV mpg results are significantly impacted by driver aggressiveness, cold temperatures, and whether or not the vehicle operator has charged the PHEV battery pack. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA) has been testing plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) for several years. The AVTA http://avt.inl.gov/), which is part of DOE's Vehicle Technology Program, also tests other advanced technology vehicles, with 12 million miles of total test vehicle and data collection experience. The Idaho National Laboratory is responsible for conducting the light-duty vehicle testing of PHEVs. Electric Transportation Engineering Corporation also supports the AVTA by conducting PHEV and other types of testing. To date, 12 different PHEV models have been tested, with more than 600,000 miles of PHEV operations data collected.
Book Synopsis Well-to-wheels Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles by :
Download or read book Well-to-wheels Analysis of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are being developed for mass production by the automotive industry. PHEVs have been touted for their potential to reduce the US transportation sector's dependence on petroleum and cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by (1) using off-peak excess electric generation capacity and (2) increasing vehicles energy efficiency. A well-to-wheels (WTW) analysis - which examines energy use and emissions from primary energy source through vehicle operation - can help researchers better understand the impact of the upstream mix of electricity generation technologies for PHEV recharging, as well as the powertrain technology and fuel sources for PHEVs. For the WTW analysis, Argonne National Laboratory researchers used the Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model developed by Argonne to compare the WTW energy use and GHG emissions associated with various transportation technologies to those associated with PHEVs. Argonne researchers estimated the fuel economy and electricity use of PHEVs and alternative fuel/vehicle systems by using the Powertrain System Analysis Toolkit (PSAT) model. They examined two PHEV designs: the power-split configuration and the series configuration. The first is a parallel hybrid configuration in which the engine and the electric motor are connected to a single mechanical transmission that incorporates a power-split device that allows for parallel power paths - mechanical and electrical - from the engine to the wheels, allowing the engine and the electric motor to share the power during acceleration. In the second configuration, the engine powers a generator, which charges a battery that is used by the electric motor to propel the vehicle; thus, the engine never directly powers the vehicle's transmission. The power-split configuration was adopted for PHEVs with a 10- and 20-mile electric range because they require frequent use of the engine for acceleration and to provide energy when the battery is depleted, while the series configuration was adopted for PHEVs with a 30- and 40-mile electric range because they rely mostly on electrical power for propulsion. Argonne researchers calculated the equivalent on-road (real-world) fuel economy on the basis of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency miles per gallon (mpg)-based formulas. The reduction in fuel economy attributable to the on-road adjustment formula was capped at 30% for advanced vehicle systems (e.g., PHEVs, fuel cell vehicles [FCVs], hybrid electric vehicles [HEVs], and battery-powered electric vehicles [BEVs]). Simulations for calendar year 2020 with model year 2015 mid-size vehicles were chosen for this analysis to address the implications of PHEVs within a reasonable timeframe after their likely introduction over the next few years. For the WTW analysis, Argonne assumed a PHEV market penetration of 10% by 2020 in order to examine the impact of significant PHEV loading on the utility power sector. Technological improvement with medium uncertainty for each vehicle was also assumed for the analysis. Argonne employed detailed dispatch models to simulate the electric power systems in four major regions of the US: the New England Independent System Operator, the New York Independent System Operator, the State of Illinois, and the Western Electric Coordinating Council. Argonne also evaluated the US average generation mix and renewable generation of electricity for PHEV and BEV recharging scenarios to show the effects of these generation mixes on PHEV WTW results. Argonne's GREET model was designed to examine the WTW energy use and GHG emissions for PHEVs and BEVs, as well as FCVs, regular HEVs, and conventional gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). WTW results are reported for charge-depleting (CD) operation of PHEVs under different recharging scenarios. The combined WTW results of CD and charge-sustaining (CS) PHEV operations (using the utility factor method) were also examined and reported. According to the utility factor method, the share of vehicle miles traveled during CD operation is 25% for PHEV10 and 51% for PHEV40. Argonne's WTW analysis of PHEVs revealed that the following factors significantly impact the energy use and GHG emissions results for PHEVs and BEVs compared with baseline gasoline vehicle technologies: (1) the regional electricity generation mix for battery recharging and (2) the adjustment of fuel economy and electricity consumption to reflect real-world driving conditions. Although the analysis predicted the marginal electricity generation mixes for major regions in the United States, these mixes should be evaluated as possible scenarios for recharging PHEVs because significant uncertainties are associated with the assumed market penetration for these vehicles. Thus, the reported WTW results for PHEVs should be directly correlated with the underlying generation mix, rather than with the region linked to that mix.
Book Synopsis A Trip Planning-assisted Energy Management System for Connected PHEVs by : Sanaz Ekhtiari
Download or read book A Trip Planning-assisted Energy Management System for Connected PHEVs written by Sanaz Ekhtiari and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The built-in Energy Management System (EMS) of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) plays an important role in the fuel efficiency of these vehicles. Recently, it has been revealed that prior knowledge of the upcoming trip can assist EMS to enhance the distribution of power between the energy sources, i.e. the engine and the motor-generators used in PHEVs, resulting in lower fuel consumptions. This dissertation intends to further investigate on a Trip Planning-assisted EMS (TP-assisted EMS), by studying its feasibility for online implementation, and evaluating its performance and robustness with respect to the trip data uncertainties in various practical scenarios, to ultimately answer this question: Does the TP-assisted EMS function as a reliable system for PHEVs which can outperform conventional methods? This research starts with improving upon an existing Trip Planning module with an emphasis on its online integration with the EMS module. In particular, the power-balance model of PHEVs is introduced, which is computationally inexpensive and yet adequately accurate to be used for the optimizations involved in the Trip Planning module. To speed up the optimizations, the use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is suggested. These modifications result in the reduction of computational time, making TP-assisted EMS module suitable for online implementations. Once the TP-assisted EMS module has been integrated with a high-fidelity model of the baseline PHEV, namely, 2013 Toyota Prius PHEV, its performance and sensitivity/robustness have been extensively studied through Monte Carlo simulations, where numerous samples of standard as well as real-world drive cycles have been tested. However, in order to use these data for Model-in-the-Loop (MIL) and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) tests, a Micro-trip Generator block has been developed. This block automatically segments the drive cycles, similar to the way that trip information is obtained in practice, making the simulation samples compatible with the Trip Planning module. Statistical analyses of the simulation results show that the TP-assisted EMS is a superior controller compared to the conventional EMS strategies. Moreover, these simulations present one of the first sensitivity analyses that have been performed in the context of TP-assisted EMS for PHEVs, showing that this system is robust despite the existence of random disturbances and meanwhile has low sensitivity against variations of the design parameters.
Book Synopsis Charging Behavior, Driving Patterns, and EVMT for PHEV 20s Over Time by : Laura Christine Cackette
Download or read book Charging Behavior, Driving Patterns, and EVMT for PHEV 20s Over Time written by Laura Christine Cackette and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of real world data from plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in California was conducted with the objective of characterizing how owners charge and drive PHEVs with 20 miles of battery capacity (PHEV 20s). A large volume of in-use data, collected by a major vehicle manufacturer over a period of almost three years, was examined. Results and discussion focus on several key points of interest: how often PHEV 20 owners plug in and how that changes over time; how other variables such as fuel price may affect plug-in frequency; and how many electric miles are driven as a result of charging and travel behavior. On average, owners plug their vehicles in more than once per active day; although, some owners stop doing so and cause rates of not charging to increase over time. They also drive around 52 miles per active day, with 17 of those powered by electricity. Therefore, PHEV 20s in California achieve more than 30% eVMT (electric vehicle miles traveled) on average.
Book Synopsis ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND SAVINGS ANALYSIS OF A PHEV IN REAL WORLD DRIVING THROUGH VEHICLE CONNECTIVITY USING VEHICLE PLATOONING, BLENDED MODE OPERATION AND ENGINE START-STOP OPTIMIZERS by :
Download or read book ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND SAVINGS ANALYSIS OF A PHEV IN REAL WORLD DRIVING THROUGH VEHICLE CONNECTIVITY USING VEHICLE PLATOONING, BLENDED MODE OPERATION AND ENGINE START-STOP OPTIMIZERS written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : This report presents an analysis on energy consumption of a Gen II Chevrolet Volt PHEV and its energy savings potential in Real World Driving scenarios with the help of vehicle connectivity. The research on the energy consumption analysis and optimization using connectivity will focus on four main areas of contribution which includes 1.) vehicle testing on a pre-defined drive cycle and alternative routing near the Michigan Tech campus and APS research center that is a continuation of previous students' works, 2) the energy savings potential of vehicle platooning and various vehicle platoon configurations, 3) the updating of a PHEV implementation of a charge depleting-charge sustaining energy blending optimization algorithm and 4) the development of an IC Engine start-stop prediction algorithm for HEV and PHEV's using connectivity data. The first part of the report discusses the development of a Real World Drive Cycle called Reverse MTU Drive Cycle which is the successor of MTU Drive Cycle, a drive cycle previously developed local to the Michigan Technological University. The energy consumption of the PHEV on the R-MTUDC is analyzed and the baseline characteristics of the drive cycle is setup. A set of baseline drive cycle characteristics was developed and tests on the drive cycle proved that the energy consumption on the real-world drive route is consistent with variability less than 3%. The next part of the report investigates the energy savings potential of the cars when they are traveling in a platoon rather than independently. Various tests have been conducted to investigate energy savings under different platoon scenarios, like variable gap settings, variable speeds, inclusion of a vehicle with aero-modifier and effect of moving collinearly in a platoon. A platoon wide savings as high as 8.3% was achieved in the study. After that, the report discusses the on-road implementation of a Route Based Blended Mode Optimizer, in PHEVs, which comes up with an optimal control matrix using Dynamic Programming and Cost-To-Go matrix, to make use of the Hold mode capability of the Volts, to operate the cars in Charge Sustaining mode at sections of Drive Cycles where it is most efficient to be operated. Upto, 5% savings in energy was obtained using the optimizer. Some of the runs didn't provide the desired results and this is also investigated. Finally, the report presents the development of two kinds of Engine Start-Stop Optimizers, which utilizes vehicle connectivity and vehicle energy consumption model to come up with an optimal control map of regions on the predicted driving route where the engine should be turned On and Off for minimizing energy consumption in HEVs and PHEVs. The first optimizer uses vehicle and route characteristics to predict engine starts and stops and then optimizes these signals based on decisions made from energy calculations. The second optimizer uses Dynamic Programming to create a matrix of engine On and Off signals based on the route characteristics. These controllers are shown to provide energy savings as high as 8% on some routes.
Book Synopsis Empirical Fuel Consumption and Co Emissions of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles by : Patrick Plötz
Download or read book Empirical Fuel Consumption and Co Emissions of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Patrick Plötz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) combine electric and conventional propulsion. Official fuel consumption values of PHEVs are based on standardized driving cycles, which show a growing discrepancy with real-world fuel consumption. However, no comprehensive empirical results on PHEV fuel consumption are available, and the discrepancy between driving cycle and empirical fuel consumption has been conjectured to be large for PHEV. Here, we analyze real-world fuel consumption data from 2,005 individual PHEVs of five PHEV models and observe large variations in individual fuel consumption with deviation from test-cycle values in the range of 2% to 120% for PHEV model averages. Deviations are larger for short-ranged PHEVs. Among others, range and vehicle power are influencing factors for PHEV model fuel consumption with average direct carbon dioxide (CO) emissions decreasing by 2% to 3% per additional kilometer (km) of electric range. Additional simulations show that PHEVs recharged from renewable electricity can noteworthily reduce well-to-wheel CO emissions of passenger cars, but electric ranges should not exceed 200 to 300 km since battery production is CO-intense. Our findings indicate that regulations should (1) be based on real-world fuel consumption measurements for PHEV, (2) take into account charging behavior and annual mileages, and (3) incentivize long-ranged PHEV.
Book Synopsis Impact of Observed Travel and Charging Behavior, Simulated Workplace Charging Infrastructure, and Vehicle Design on PHEV Utility Factors (UF), Total Charge Depleting (CD) Driving and Time of Day (TOD) Grid Demand by : Jamie Davies-Shawhyde
Download or read book Impact of Observed Travel and Charging Behavior, Simulated Workplace Charging Infrastructure, and Vehicle Design on PHEV Utility Factors (UF), Total Charge Depleting (CD) Driving and Time of Day (TOD) Grid Demand written by Jamie Davies-Shawhyde and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can run on gasoline or grid electricity and have been widely touted as promising more future societal and environmental benefits than hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, since the charging of PHEVs will place new loads on the electrical grid, how much and the time of day (TOD) at which users plug in their vehicles will have implications for electricity providers who must meet the additional electrical load required to charge a fleet of PHEVs. PHEV charging could place new burdens on existing electrical infrastructure (substations and transformers) and generating capacity. Information about consumers' charging behavior can help utilities and interested parties better plan for PHEVS in the marketplace. To date, analysts have made assumptions as to the design of PHEVs that will be purchased, and the travel and charging behavior of the future users. Furthermore, since PHEVs can run in charge depleting (CD) and charge sustaining (CS) modes there is uncertainty as to how much travel will be completed in each mode due to the variety of possible vehicle designs, access to charging infrastructure, and travel and charging behavior of PHEV users. Accounting for the amount of travel in each mode is crucial in order to accurately assess the fuel economy (FE) benefits, green house gas (GHG) emissions and costs of PHEVs. In 2001, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) promulgated standard J2841 defining the utility factor (UF) as the percentage of travel that can be completed in CD mode for a PHEV fleet with a given CD range. As such, the SAE standard J2841 has a substantial influence on policies regarding PHEVs and their assumed benefits and costs, and has been used by analysts, industry, and policy makers to calculate PHEV corporate average fuel economy (CAFE), GHG emissions, operating costs and Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) credits. My analysis challenges J2841 by calculating the observed UF for a fleet of PHEVs driven by 25 Plausible Early Market (PEM) PHEV buyers in a demonstration and market research project. To estimate the potential effects on the UF of additional recharging infrastructure, I model a workplace charging scenario in which each of the 25 households recharges the PHEV at their workplace as well as at home. Lastly, hypothetical consumer designed PHEVs, solicited from each PEM household, are used to create and compare future market scenarios in which consumers are offered a wide variety of makes and body styles of PHEVs--thus simulating a plausible future market in which a variety of PHEVs are offered for sale. The results suggest that promoting "short range" PHEVs and focusing on popular vehicle-types, rather than upon achieving high CD ranges, could lead to greater total benefits from PHEVs in the early market, through more widespread adoption of PHEVs. Compared to SAE J2841, the observed UFs from the PEM demonstration data are 10 percentage points higher for PHEVs of up to 40 miles of CD range. At 40 miles CD range, J2841 stipulates a UF of 62%; I calculate a UF of 72% from the observed data. The increase in CD driving from adding simulated workplace charging varies by vehicle range, with the largest percentage point increases in CD driving occurring below 20 miles. Workplace charging changes the TOD distribution of power needed to charge a fleet of vehicles, producing a new maximum at 9:30am. The addition of workplace charging under the conditions modeled here does not change the evening peak power demand.
