Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003821049
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric and Hybrid Vehicles by : Tom Denton

Download or read book Electric and Hybrid Vehicles written by Tom Denton and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric and hybrid vehicles are now the present, not the future. This straightforward and highly illustrated full-colour textbook is endorsed by the Institute of the Motor Industry (IMI) and introduces the subject for further education and undergraduate students as well as technicians and workshop owners, with sections for drivers who are interested to know more. This new edition contains extensively updated content, especially on batteries, charging and the high-voltage pathway and includes all new case studies and new images, photos and flow charts throughout. It covers the different types of electric vehicle, costs and emissions and the charging infrastructure before moving on to explain how hybrid and electric vehicles work. A chapter on electrical technology introduces learners to subjects such as batteries, control systems and charging, which are then covered in more detail within their own chapters. The book also covers the maintenance and repair procedures of these vehicles, including diagnostics, servicing, repair and first-responder information. The book is particularly suitable for students studying towards IMI Level 1 Award in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Awareness, IMI Level 2 Award in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Operation and Maintenance, IMI Level 3 Award in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Repair and Replacement, IMI Level 4 Award in the Diagnosis, Testing and Repair of Electric/Hybrid Vehicles and Components, IMI accreditation, City & Guilds (C&G) and all other EV/hybrid courses.

Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444535667
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric and Hybrid Vehicles by : Gianfranco Pistoia

Download or read book Electric and Hybrid Vehicles written by Gianfranco Pistoia and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-07-27 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Power Sources, Models, Sustainability, Infrastructure and the Market reviews the performance, cost, safety, and sustainability of battery systems for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs), including nickel-metal hydride batteries and Li-ion batteries. Throughout this book, especially in the first chapters, alternative vehicles with different power trains are compared in terms of lifetime cost, fuel consumption, and environmental impact. The emissions of greenhouse gases are particularly dealt with. The improvement of the battery, or fuel cell, performance and governmental incentives will play a fundamental role in determining how far and how substantial alternative vehicles will penetrate into the market. An adequate recharging infrastructure is of paramount importance for the diffusion of vehicles powered by batteries and fuel cells, as it may contribute to overcome the so-called range anxiety."" Thus, proposed battery charging techniques are summarized and hydrogen refueling stations are described. The final chapter reviews the state of the art of the current models of hybrid and electric vehicles along with the powertrain solutions adopted by the major automakers. Contributions from the worlds leading industry and research experts Executive summaries of specific case studies Information on basic research and application approaches

Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429956355
Total Pages : 702 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric and Hybrid Vehicles by : Iqbal Husain

Download or read book Electric and Hybrid Vehicles written by Iqbal Husain and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-02-22 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thoroughly revised third edition of this widely praised, bestselling textbook presents a comprehensive systems-level perspective of electric and hybrid vehicles with emphasis on technical aspects, mathematical relationships and basic design guidelines. The emerging technologies of electric vehicles require the dedication of current and future engineers, so the target audience for the book is the young professionals and students in engineering eager to learn about the area. The book is concise and clear, its mathematics are kept to a necessary minimum and it contains a well-balanced set of contents of the complex technology. Engineers of multiple disciplines can either get a broader overview or explore in depth a particular aspect of electric or hybrid vehicles. Additions in the third edition include simulation-based design analysis of electric and hybrid vehicles and their powertrain components, particularly that of traction inverters, electric machines and motor drives. The technology trends to incorporate wide bandgap power electronics and reduced rare-earth permanent magnet electric machines in the powertrain components have been highlighted. Charging stations are a critical component for the electric vehicle infrastructure, and hence, a chapter on vehicle interactions with the power grid has been added. Autonomous driving is another emerging technology, and a chapter is included describing the autonomous driving system architecture and the hardware and software needs for such systems. The platform has been set in this book for system-level simulations to develop models using various softwares used in academia and industry, such as MATLAB®/Simulink, PLECS, PSIM, Motor-CAD and Altair Flux. Examples and simulation results are provided in this edition using these software tools. The third edition is a timely revision and contribution to the field of electric vehicles that has reached recently notable markets in a more and more environmentally sensitive world.

Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111897056X
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Hybrid Electric Vehicles by : Chris Mi

Download or read book Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Chris Mi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest developments in the field of hybrid electric vehicles Hybrid Electric Vehicles provides an introduction to hybrid vehicles, which include purely electric, hybrid electric, hybrid hydraulic, fuel cell vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric, and off-road hybrid vehicular systems. It focuses on the power and propulsion systems for these vehicles, including issues related to power and energy management. Other topics covered include hybrid vs. pure electric, HEV system architecture (including plug-in & charging control and hydraulic), off-road and other industrial utility vehicles, safety and EMC, storage technologies, vehicular power and energy management, diagnostics and prognostics, and electromechanical vibration issues. Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Second Edition is a comprehensively updated new edition with four new chapters covering recent advances in hybrid vehicle technology. New areas covered include battery modelling, charger design, and wireless charging. Substantial details have also been included on the architecture of hybrid excavators in the chapter related to special hybrid vehicles. Also included is a chapter providing an overview of hybrid vehicle technology, which offers a perspective on the current debate on sustainability and the environmental impact of hybrid and electric vehicle technology. Completely updated with new chapters Covers recent developments, breakthroughs, and technologies, including new drive topologies Explains HEV fundamentals and applications Offers a holistic perspective on vehicle electrification Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Principles and Applications with Practical Perspectives, Second Edition is a great resource for researchers and practitioners in the automotive industry, as well as for graduate students in automotive engineering.

Electric and Hybrid Cars

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Author :
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 0786457422
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric and Hybrid Cars by : Curtis D. Anderson

Download or read book Electric and Hybrid Cars written by Curtis D. Anderson and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2010-03-30 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This illustrated history chronicles electric and hybrid cars from the late 19th century to today’s fuel cell and plug-in automobiles. It describes the politics, technology, marketing strategies, and environmental issues that have impacted electric and hybrid cars’ research and development. The important marketing shift from a “woman’s car” to “going green” is discussed. Milestone projects and technologies such as early batteries, hydrogen and bio-mass fuel cells, the upsurge of hybrid vehicles, and the various regulations and market forces that have shaped the industry are also covered.

Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429998244
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles by : Mehrdad Ehsani

Download or read book Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles written by Mehrdad Ehsani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is an introduction to automotive technology, with specic reference to battery electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell electric vehicles. It could serve electrical engineers who need to know more about automobiles or automotive engineers who need to know about electrical propulsion systems. For example, this reviewer, who is a specialist in electric machinery, could use this book to better understand the automobiles for which the reviewer is designing electric drive motors. An automotive engineer, on the other hand, might use it to better understand the nature of motors and electric storage systems for application in automobiles, trucks or motorcycles. The early chapters of the book are accessible to technically literate people who need to know something about cars. While the rst chapter is historical in nature, the second chapter is a good introduction to automobiles, including dynamics of propulsion and braking. The third chapter discusses, in some detail, spark ignition and compression ignition (Diesel) engines. The fourth chapter discusses the nature of transmission systems.” —James Kirtley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA “The third edition covers extensive topics in modern electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicles, in which the profound knowledge, mathematical modeling, simulations, and control are clearly presented. Featured with design of various vehicle drivetrains, as well as a multi-objective optimization software, it is an estimable work to meet the needs of automotive industry.” —Haiyan Henry Zhang, Purdue University, USA “The extensive combined experience of the authors have produced an extensive volume covering a broad range but detailed topics on the principles, design and architectures of Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles in a well-structured, clear and concise manner. The volume offers a complete overview of technologies, their selection, integration & control, as well as an interesting Technical Overview of the Toyota Prius. The technical chapters are complemented with example problems and user guides to assist the reader in practical calculations through the use of common scientic computing packages. It will be of interest mainly to research postgraduates working in this eld as well as established academic researchers, industrial R&D engineers and allied professionals.” —Christopher Donaghy-Sparg, Durham University, United Kingdom The book deals with the fundamentals, theoretical bases, and design methodologies of conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). The design methodology is described in mathematical terms, step-by-step, and the topics are approached from the overall drive train system, not just individual components. Furthermore, in explaining the design methodology of each drive train, design examples are presented with simulation results. All the chapters have been updated, and two new chapters on Mild Hybrids and Optimal Sizing and Dimensioning and Control are also included • Chapters updated throughout the text. • New homework problems, solutions, and examples. • Includes two new chapters. • Features accompanying MATLABTM software.

Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119970113
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Hybrid Electric Vehicles by : Chris Mi

Download or read book Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Chris Mi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-23 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Hybrid Electric Vehicles provides vital guidance to help a new generation of engineers master the principles of and further advance hybrid vehicle technology. The authors address purely electric, hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, hybrid hydraulic, fuel cell, and off-road hybrid vehicle systems. They focus on the power and propulsion systems for these vehicles, including issues related to power and energy management. They concentrate on material that is not readily available in other hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) books such as design examples for hybrid vehicles, and cover new developments in the field including electronic CVT, plug-in hybrid, and new power converters and controls. Covers hybrid vs. pure electric, HEV system architecture (including plug-in and hydraulic), off-road and other industrial utility vehicles, non-ground-vehicle applications like ships, locomotives, aircrafts, system reliability, EMC, storage technologies, vehicular power and energy management, diagnostics and prognostics, and electromechanical vibration issues. Contains core fundamentals and principles of modern hybrid vehicles at component level and system level. Provides graduate students and field engineers with a text suitable for classroom teaching or self-study.

Electric & Hybrid Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : KHANNA PUBLISHING HOUSE
ISBN 13 : 9386173719
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (861 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric & Hybrid Vehicles by : A.K. Babu

Download or read book Electric & Hybrid Vehicles written by A.K. Babu and published by KHANNA PUBLISHING HOUSE. This book was released on with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise book has been designed for easy reading and to meet the critical skill requirements of students in the branches of Automobile Engineering and Mechanical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering. The contents are presented in 22 lucid chapters. The book deals with the fundamentals, electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). It comprehensively presents vehicle performance, configuration, and control strategy for different electric and hybrid electric vehicles. This course book is intended for use as a Textbook and as a primary Reference book by colleges and technical universities offering core and elective subjects like Electric and Hybrid Vehicles and New Generation Vehicles.

Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111840310X
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric and Hybrid Vehicles by : Amir Khajepour

Download or read book Electric and Hybrid Vehicles written by Amir Khajepour and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced level introductory book covering fundamental aspects, design and dynamics of electric and hybrid electric vehicles There is significant demand for an understanding of the fundamentals, technologies, and design of electric and hybrid electric vehicles and their components from researchers, engineers, and graduate students. Although there is a good body of work in the literature, there is still a great need for electric and hybrid vehicle teaching materials. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Technologies, Modeling and Control – A Mechatronic Approach is based on the authors’ current research in vehicle systems and will include chapters on vehicle propulsion systems, the fundamentals of vehicle dynamics, EV and HEV technologies, chassis systems, steering control systems, and state, parameter and force estimations. The book is highly illustrated, and examples will be given throughout the book based on real applications and challenges in the automotive industry. Designed to help a new generation of engineers needing to master the principles of and further advances in hybrid vehicle technology Includes examples of real applications and challenges in the automotive industry with problems and solutions Takes a mechatronics approach to the study of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, appealing to mechanical and electrical engineering interests Responds to the increase in demand of universities offering courses in newer electric vehicle technologies

History of the Electric Automobile

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Author :
Publisher : SAE International
ISBN 13 : 0768037492
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis History of the Electric Automobile by : Ernest Henry Wakefield

Download or read book History of the Electric Automobile written by Ernest Henry Wakefield and published by SAE International. This book was released on 1998-10-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a century, people have attempted to harness electricity, the clean and versatile fuel, for personal transportation. With impressive technical clarity and historical insight, author Ernest Wakefield reviews these attempts in History of the Electric Automobile: Hybrid Electric Vehicles. He focuses exclusively on electric vehicles that harness the potential of electricity when combined with another energy source - hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The book details the historical development of capacitors, engines, flywheels, fuel cells, inductive charging, and solar cells - and the application of each to hybrid electric vehicles.

Noise, Vibration and Harshness of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : SAE International
ISBN 13 : 0768099668
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Noise, Vibration and Harshness of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles by : Lijun Zhang

Download or read book Noise, Vibration and Harshness of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles written by Lijun Zhang and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), also known as noise and vibration (N&V), is a critical feature for customers to assess the performance and quality of vehicles. NVH characteristics are higher among factors that customers use to judge the vehicle's quality.This book sets out to introduce the basic concepts, principles, and applications of the NVH development and refi nement of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles. Each type comes with its own set of challenges.

Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle Networks

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498745008
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle Networks by : Emanuele Crisostomi

Download or read book Electric and Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle Networks written by Emanuele Crisostomi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the behavior of networks of electric and hybrid vehicles. The topics that are covered include: energy management issues for aggregates of plug-in vehicles; the design of sharing systems to support electro-mobility; context awareness in the operation of electric and hybrid vehicles, and the role that this plays in a Smart City context; and tools to test and design massively large-scale networks of such vehicles. The book also introduces new and interesting control problems that are becoming prevalent in the EV-PHEV's context, as well as identifying some open questions. A particular focus of the book is on the opportunities afforded by networked actuation possibilities in electric and hybrid vehicles, and the role that such actuation may play in air-quality and emissions management.

The Electric Car

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Author :
Publisher : IET
ISBN 13 : 9780852960134
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis The Electric Car by : Michael Hereward Westbrook

Download or read book The Electric Car written by Michael Hereward Westbrook and published by IET. This book was released on 2001 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable work has gone into electric car and battery development in the last ten years, with the prospect of substantial improvements in range and performance in battery cars as well as in hybrids and those using fuel cells. This book covers the development of electric cars, from their early days, to new hybrid models in production. Most of the coverage is focused on the very latest technological issues faced by automotive engineers working on electric cars, as well as the key business factors vital for the successful transfer of electric cars into the mass market.

Artificial Intelligent Techniques for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119681901
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligent Techniques for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles by : Chitra A.

Download or read book Artificial Intelligent Techniques for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles written by Chitra A. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric vehicles are changing transportation dramatically and this unique book merges the many disciplines that contribute research to make EV possible, so the reader is informed about all the underlying science and technologies driving the change. An emission-free mobility system is the only way to save the world from the greenhouse effect and other ecological issues. This belief has led to a tremendous growth in the demand for electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), which are predicted to have a promising future based on the goals fixed by the European Commission's Horizon 2020 program. This book brings together the research that has been carried out in the EV/HEV sector and the leading role of advanced optimization techniques with artificial intelligence (AI). This is achieved by compiling the findings of various studies in the electrical, electronics, computer, and mechanical domains for the EV/HEV system. In addition to acting as a hub for information on these research findings, the book also addresses the challenges in the EV/HEV sector and provides proven solutions that involve the most promising AI techniques. Since the commercialization of EVs/HEVs still remains a challenge in industries in terms of performance and cost, these are the two tradeoffs which need to be researched in order to arrive at an optimal solution. Therefore, this book focuses on the convergence of various technologies involved in EVs/HEVs. Since all countries will gradually shift from conventional internal combustion (IC) engine-based vehicles to EVs/HEVs in the near future, it also serves as a useful reliable resource for multidisciplinary researchers and industry teams.

Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technology

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780826900661
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technology by : Automotive Research

Download or read book Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technology written by Automotive Research and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technology provides foundational information about vehicles that use more than one propulsion technology to power a drive system. This textbook is filled with technical illustrations and concise descriptions of the different configurations and vehicle platforms, the operation of various systems and the technologies involved, and the maintenance of hybrid electric vehicles. Safety precautions required used when working around high-voltage vehicle systems, especially in emergencies, are highlighted.

Energy Systems for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : IET
ISBN 13 : 1785610082
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (856 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Systems for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles by : K.T. Chau

Download or read book Energy Systems for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles written by K.T. Chau and published by IET. This book was released on 2016-08-15 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides thorough coverage of energy systems for electric and hybrid vehicles with a focus on the three main energy system technologies - energy sources, battery charging and vehicle-to-grid systems. Energy sources includes electrochemical energy sources, electromechanical energy storage, hybrid energy sources, on-board solar energy harvesting, on-board thermoelectric energy recovery, and battery management. Battery charging technology ranges from the existing charging strategies to the latest wireless charging techniques for park-and-charge and move-and-charge. Vehicle-to-grid technology covers interdisciplinary topics which link electric vehicles, information technology and power systems for management of energy systems, power interfaces and service scheduling. Researchers and advanced students developing electric/hybrid vehicles and intelligent transport systems in industry and academia will find this book invaluable. As will researchers and advanced students working on automotive engineering and battery/power engineering.

Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781071614914
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (149 download)

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Book Synopsis Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles by : Amgad Elgowainy

Download or read book Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles written by Amgad Elgowainy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of "Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Second Edition," covers the electrification of vehicles, which is key to a sustainable future of transportation in both light-duty and heavy-duty vehicle sectors to address global concerns of climate change, air pollutant emissions, energy efficiency and energy security. Vehicle electrification includes several existing and emerging technologies and powertrain architectures such as conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrids with various electric driving range, short- and long-range battery electric vehicles, as well as hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Electrification will be key to connected autonomous vehicles, which are perceived to improve mobility, increase safety, reduce energy consumption and infrastructure costs, improve productivity, decrease traffic congestion and increase customer satisfaction. While electrification of vehicle technologies is relatively mature, technology improvement and economies of scale are needed to compete against incumbent technologies and to realize their benefits in the marketplace. Significant infrastructure development is needed in the case of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and to a lesser extent for plug-in electric vehicles. Vehicle efficiency improvement is sought through a combination of several approaches, including weight reduction, engine downsizing, increased engine compression ratio with high octane fuels, and the use of compression ignition engines with low octane fuels. Liquid hydrocarbon fuels are needed in applications where high storage energy density is required such as long-haul class-8 combination heavy-duty trucks. Shared mobility is another emerging concept that enables access to transportation services on an as-needed basis. This approach can enhance accessibility to transportation, decrease number of vehicles on the road, reduce energy use and impact on the environment, reduce cost of transportation and the need for parking, and reduce transportation time between origin and destination. In all, the reader will receive a comprehensive introduction to electric vehicles and technology trends, including energy storage, in light-, medium-, and heavy-duty sectors, as well as the infrastructure development that will be required to realize these benefits for society.