Use Of Calorimetric Assay For Operational And Accountability Measurements Of Pure Plutonium Metal

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Use of Calorimetric Assay for Operational and Accountability Measurements of Pure Plutonium Metal

Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Download or read book Use of Calorimetric Assay for Operational and Accountability Measurements of Pure Plutonium Metal written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plutonium pure metal products (PMP) are high purity plutonium metal items produced by electrorefining. The plutonium metal is produced as an approximately 3-kg ring. Accountability measurements for the electro-refining runs are typically balance/weight factor (incoming impure metal), chemistry (pure metal rings), and calorimetric assay or neutron counting of the crucibles and other wastes. The PMP items are qualified for their end use by extensive chemical assay. After PMP materials are made they are often sent to the vault for storage before being sent to the casting process, the next step in the production chain. The chemical assay of PMP items often takes a few weeks; however, before the metal items are allowed into the vault they must be measured. Non-destructive assay personnel measure the metals either by multiplicity neutron counting or calorimetric assay, depending on which instrument is available, thus generating comparisons between non-destructive assay and chemical assay. The suite of measurements, calorimetric assay, chemical assay, and neutron mUltiplicity counting is compared for a large group of PMP items.

An Evaluation of the Use of Calorimetry for Shipper-receiver Measurements of Plutonium

Author : W. W. Rodenburg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Use of Calorimetry for Shipper-receiver Measurements of Plutonium by : W. W. Rodenburg

Download or read book An Evaluation of the Use of Calorimetry for Shipper-receiver Measurements of Plutonium written by W. W. Rodenburg and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Calibration of Plutonium NDA by Calorimetric Assay

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Calibration of Plutonium NDA by Calorimetric Assay by :

Download or read book Calibration of Plutonium NDA by Calorimetric Assay written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The calorimetric assay of plutonium is an established and documented technique used extensively in DOE facilities for accountability measurements. Multilaboratory studies have quantified an average bias of

Traceability of the Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium Using Calorimetry for Measurement Control

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Traceability of the Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium Using Calorimetry for Measurement Control by :

Download or read book Traceability of the Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium Using Calorimetry for Measurement Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calorimetry provides a method to establish the traceability of the nondestructive assay (NDA) of plutonium utilizing the traceability of calorimetric assay and its relative insensitivity to sample matrix. Efforts at Mound Laboratory to establish the traceability of the calorimetric assay of plutonium are described. Results from the Plutonium Metal Exchange Program and a calibration alternatives experiment are the basis for determining the bias between calorimetric assay and chemical assay. The probable cause of the bias is identified. Current uses of calorimetric assay for NDA measurement control and extension of calorimetry to dynamic calibration of NDA are discussed.

An Evaluation of the Use of Calorimetry for Shipper-receiver Measurements of Plutonium

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

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Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Use of Calorimetry for Shipper-receiver Measurements of Plutonium by :

Download or read book An Evaluation of the Use of Calorimetry for Shipper-receiver Measurements of Plutonium written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to evaluate the relative merit of using calorimetry for shipper-receiver (S-R) exchanges of Pu. In particular, this evaluation concentrates on the accountability and the diversion detection aspects of calorimetry. Three different modes of use were considered: (1) calorimetry alone, that is S-R exchanges based on power (wattage) measurements; (2) calorimetry plus chemical assay, similar to the present weight plus chemical assay system, and (3) calorimetry plus gamma-ray spectrometry, a totally nondestructive Pu assay method. The relative merit of ball three applications was judged using the present methods as a base case. Some of the factors considered were random and systematic errors, timeliness, costs (both operating and capital) and reliability.

Calorimetric Assay Of Plutonium

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Calorimetric Assay Of Plutonium by :

Download or read book Calorimetric Assay Of Plutonium written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes procedures for applying calorimetry for the control and accounting of plutonium. These procedures will be useful in establishing a measurement program to fulfill the regulatory requirements.

Performance Testing of a Large Volume Calorimeter

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance Testing of a Large Volume Calorimeter by :

Download or read book Performance Testing of a Large Volume Calorimeter written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calorimetry is used as a nondestructive assay technique for determining the power output of heat-producing nuclear materials. Calorimetric assay of plutonium-bearing and tritium items routinely obtains the highest precision and accuracy of all nondestructive assay (NDA) techniques, and the power calibration can be traceable to National Institute of Standards and Technology through certified electrical standards. Because the heat-measurement result is completely independent of material and matrix type, it can be reliably used on any material form or item matrix. The calorimetry measurement is combined with isotopic composition information to determine the correct plutonium content of an item. When an item is unsuitable for neutron or gamma-ray NDA, calorimetric assay is used. Currently, the largest calorimeter capable of measuring plutonium-bearing or tritium items is 36 cm in diameter and 61 cm long. Fabrication of a high-sensitivity large volume calorimeter (LVC) capable of measuring tritium and plutonium-bearing items in 208-1 (55-gal) shipping or storage containers has provided a reliable NDA method to measure many difficult to measure forms of plutonium and tritium more accurately. This large calo rimeter can also be used to make secondary working standards from process material for the calibration of faster NDA assay techniques. The footprint of the calorimeter is 104 cm wide by 157 cm deep and 196 cm high in the closed position. The space for a standard electronics rack is also necessary for the operation of the calo rimeter. The maximum item size that can be measured in the LVC is 62 cm in diameter and 100 cm long. The extensive use of heat-flow calorimeters for safeguards-related measurements at DOE facilities makes it important to extend the capability of calorimetric assay of plutonium and tritium items to larger container sizes. Measurement times, precision, measurement threshold, and position sensitivity of the instrument will be discussed.

Calorimetric Systems Designed for In-field Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium-bearing Materials

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Calorimetric Systems Designed for In-field Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium-bearing Materials by :

Download or read book Calorimetric Systems Designed for In-field Nondestructive Assay of Plutonium-bearing Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional calorimetric design measures the temperature rise of a plutonium-containing sample chamber in contact with a large water-bath heat sink. This design lacks the mobility needed by inspection personnel. The Argonne National Laboratory air-chamber isothermal calorimeters are low-thermal capacitance devices which eliminate the need for large, constant-temperature heat sinks. A bulk calorimeter designed to measure sealed containers holding up to 3 kg Pu, and a small-sample calorimeter designed to measure mixed-oxide fuel pellets and powders are discussed. The operational characteristics of these instruments are described, and the results of sample assays are presented. (2 figs., 2 tables).

Importance of 241 Am Determination in the Characterization of PuO2 Standards for Calorimetric Assay

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Importance of 241 Am Determination in the Characterization of PuO2 Standards for Calorimetric Assay by :

Download or read book Importance of 241 Am Determination in the Characterization of PuO2 Standards for Calorimetric Assay written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plutonium dioxide (PuO2) standards are often used both as heat standards and isotopic standards for calorimetric assay. Calorimetric assay is the combination of the power in watts measured in a calorimeter with the effective specific power (P{sub eff}) in watts/g Pu, determined either by nondestructive gamma-ray assay or by destructive mass spectrometry, to yield the total elemental plutonium mass in the sample. To use a PuO2 sample as a heat standard for calorimetry, one must determine both the plutonium mass and P{sub eff} with very small uncertainties and then calculate the sample watts from the known plutonium mass, specific powers, and isotopic composition. Well-characterized PuO2 standards have plutonium mass values determined by analytical chemistry with a precision and accuracy on the order of 0.1%-0.2% relative to the total mass of the sample. Mass spectrometry, typically used to determine the isotopic fractions of plutonium standards, is very accurate and precise for the major isotopes but is somewhat less precise for low-abundance isotopes. The characterization of the 241Am/Pu ratio in the standard is also of great importance because 241Am can contribute significantly to P{sub eff} and to the heat output of the standard. The determination of the 241Am/Pu ratio in a plutonium-bearing sample is a process that is less standardized than mass spectrometry. There are no certified reference materials (CRMs) traceable to the national measurement system for 241Am in plutonium, and routine analytical 241Am/Pu ratio measurements often exhibit uncertainties of several percent relative to the total plutonium or greater.

The Assay of Plutonium Metal by Gamma Spectrometry and Calorimetry

Author : David F. Bowersox
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (382 download)

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Book Synopsis The Assay of Plutonium Metal by Gamma Spectrometry and Calorimetry by : David F. Bowersox

Download or read book The Assay of Plutonium Metal by Gamma Spectrometry and Calorimetry written by David F. Bowersox and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Calorimetry Measurements in Less Than 20 Minutes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Download or read book Calorimetry Measurements in Less Than 20 Minutes written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argonne National Laboratory has developed a new series of 10 watt Bulk Plutonium Assay Calorimeters (BPAC10). The calorimeter measures bulk samples of plutonium bearing material in containers up to 5in. in diameter and 7in. high. The average measurement time is 19.7 minutes compared to 2--9 hours for the same sample measured in a water bath calorimeter. Measurement precision in the range of 1--10 watts is 1% to 0.1% and it is 0.010 watt for sample power less than 1 watt. BPAC10 series calorimeters are in use in two plutonium facilities at the EG G Rocky Flats Plant and at the Los Alamos National Laboratory TA55 Plutonium Facility. The paper presents a description of the calorimeter, discusses operating experience at Los Alamos, and presents a comparison of data on typical samples measured with both types of calorimeters. 5 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Energy Research Abstracts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 806 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Research Abstracts by :

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

OVERVIEW OF CALORIMETRIC ASSAY OF PLUTONIUM IN THE UNITED STATES.

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis OVERVIEW OF CALORIMETRIC ASSAY OF PLUTONIUM IN THE UNITED STATES. by :

Download or read book OVERVIEW OF CALORIMETRIC ASSAY OF PLUTONIUM IN THE UNITED STATES. written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calorimetry is a primary measurement technique for assay of quantities of plutonium in the United States. It is the most accurate NDA technique for many forms of plutonium-bearing materials. This paper provides an overview of the use of calorimetry in combination with high-resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy for accurate plutonium mass determinations.

Comparison of Calorimetry and Destructive Analytical Measurement Techniques for Excess Plutonium Powders

Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparison of Calorimetry and Destructive Analytical Measurement Techniques for Excess Plutonium Powders by :

Download or read book Comparison of Calorimetry and Destructive Analytical Measurement Techniques for Excess Plutonium Powders written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Dec. 1994, IAEA safeguards were initiated on inventory of Pu- bearing materials, originating from the US nuclear weapons complex, at vault 3 of DOE's Plutonium Finishing Plant at Hanford. Because of the diversity and heterogeneity of the Pu, plant operators have increasingly used calorimetry for accountability measurements. During the recent commencement of IAEA safeguards at vault 3, destructive (electrochemical titration) methods were used to determine Pu concentrations in subsamples of inventory items with widely ranging chemical purities. The Pu concentrations in the subsamples were determined and contribution of heterogeneity to total variability was identified. Measurement results, gathered by PFP and IAEA laboratories, showed total measurement variability for calorimetry to be comparable with or lower than those of sampling and chemical analyses.

Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials

Author : Doug Reilly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780160327247
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials by : Doug Reilly

Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis

Author : Michael F. L'Annunziata
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123848741
Total Pages : 1419 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis by : Michael F. L'Annunziata

Download or read book Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis written by Michael F. L'Annunziata and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-09-01 with total page 1419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated and much expanded 3e of the Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis is an authoritative reference providing the principles, practical techniques, and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity from the very low levels encountered in the environment to higher levels measured in radioisotope research, clinical laboratories, biological sciences, radionuclide standardization, nuclear medicine, nuclear power, and fuel cycle facilities and in the implementation of nuclear forensic analysis and nuclear safeguards. The book describes the basic principles of radiation detection and measurement and the preparation of samples from a wide variety of matrices, assists the investigator or technician in the selection and use of appropriate radiation detectors, and presents state-of-the-art methods of analysis. Fundamentals of radiation properties, radionuclide decay, the calculations involved, and methods of detection provide the basis for a thorough understanding of the analytical procedures. The Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis, 3e, is suitable as a teaching text for university and professional training courses. - The only comprehensive reference that describes the principles of detection and practical applications of every type of radioactivity detector currently used. The new 3e is broader in scope, with revised and expanded chapters, new authors, and seven new chapters on Alpha Spectrometry, Radionuclide Standardization, Radioactive Aerosol Measurements, Environmental Radioactivity Monitoring, Marine Radioactivity Analysis, Nuclear Forensic Analysis and Analytical Techniques in Nuclear Safeguards - Discusses in detail the principles, theory and practice applied to all types of radiation detection and measurement, making it useful for both teaching and research

Nuclear Safeguards, Security and Nonproliferation

Author : James Doyle
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080888119
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Safeguards, Security and Nonproliferation by : James Doyle

Download or read book Nuclear Safeguards, Security and Nonproliferation written by James Doyle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-08 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an increase of global security concerns over potential terrorist acts, the threat of WMDs, and increasing political issues with nations seeking nuclear capability, the need to track, detect, and safeguard nuclear material globally has never been greater. Nuclear Safeguards, Security and Nonproliferation is a comprehensive reference that covers cutting-edge technologies used to trace, track, and safeguard nuclear material. It is a contributed volume with sections contributed by scientists from leading institutions such as Los Alamos National Labs, Sandia National Labs, Pacific Northwest Nuclear Labs, and Texas A&M University, and the Monterey Institute of International Studies. The book is divided into 3 sections and includes 30 chapters on such topics as - the security of nuclear facilities and material, the illicit trafficking of nuclear materials, improvised nuclear devices, how to prevent nuclear terrorism. International case studies of security at nuclear facilities and illegal nuclear trade activities provide specific examples of the complex issues surrounding the technology and policy for nuclear material protection, control and accountability. Specific cases include analysis of the timely issues in the nuclear programs of countries such as North Korea, Iran, and Kazakstan among others. Nuclear Security is a must-have volume for the dozens of private and public organizations involved in driving Homeland Security, domestic, and international policy issues relating to nuclear material security, non-proliferation, and nuclear transparency. - Written by some of the world's top scientists including members of the Nuclear Division of Los Alamos National Labs (U.S.) - A timely discussion of current international nuclear security issues includes case studies on Iraq, Iran and North Korea - Book takes a global perspective on nuclear security and non-proliferation detailing the little-known real-world technologies used to secure, detect and track nuclear material