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Us Government Funding For Science And Technology Cooperation With Russia
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Book Synopsis U.S. Government Funding for Science and Technology Cooperation with Russia by : Caroline S. Wagner
Download or read book U.S. Government Funding for Science and Technology Cooperation with Russia written by Caroline S. Wagner and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2002 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. government spent, on average, $300 million a year during the 1990s to support science and technology (S&T) cooperation with Russia. This document details U.S. government spending on cooperative S&T activities with Russian partners. RAND collected and analyzed data at the project level and surveyed agency officials about specific projects and programs. These data were aggregated by spending into categories created by RAND. The report thus provides an analytic, cross-agency overview, presenting a broad picture of the U.S.-Russia S&T relationship between 1994 and 2000. The U.S. government_s projects with Russia have a slightly different pattern than can be observed with other scientifically advanced countries: They are more binational in character, less collaborative, more technology-based, less of a shared effort, and dominated more by spending in aerospace applications. Reports from scientists working with Russian counterparts indicate that the United States is gaining significant scientific benefit from this joint collaboration. Although funding for the U.S.-Russia S&T relationship seems to have dropped in 2001, there has been a revived interest within the U.S. scientific community in working with Russia and an increase in the number of projects being considered.
Book Synopsis U.S. Government Funding for Science and Technology Cooperation with Russia by :
Download or read book U.S. Government Funding for Science and Technology Cooperation with Russia written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States government spent, on average, $350 million a year in the 1990s to support science and technology (S & T) cooperation with Russia. The amount rose in the early 1990s, peaked in 1996, and then began dropping in the late 1990s. When aggregated by dollars spent, the areas most likely to be the subject of cooperation are aerospace and aeronautical projects, engineering research, energy, and earth sciences. When counted by the number of projects (rather than funds committed), earth sciences-including geology, ocean studies, and atmospheric sciences-account for the largest number. Earlier RAND studies suggested that, during the mid-1990s, cooperation with Russia claimed more government research and development (R & D) dollars than any other country. In order to examine the relationship in more detail, RAND collected and analyzed data at the project level and surveyed agency officials about specific projects and programs. These data were aggregated into categories created by RAND. This report provides an analytic, cross-agency overview, presenting a broad picture of the U.S.-Russia S & T relationship between 1994 and 1999.
Book Synopsis Experiments in Cooperation by : Glenn E. Schweitzer
Download or read book Experiments in Cooperation written by Glenn E. Schweitzer and published by Twentieth Century Foundation. This book was released on 1997 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Experiments in Cooperation, the third book in the Twentieth Century Fund's Russia in Transition series, Glenn E. Schweitzer examines the recent history of U.S.-Russian scientific and technological collaboration.
Author :National Research Council and Russian Academy of Sciences Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309061946 Total Pages :149 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Technology Commercialization by : National Research Council and Russian Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Technology Commercialization written by National Research Council and Russian Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-01-09 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papersâ€"by American and Russian specialistsâ€"addresses a variety of legal, regulatory, institutional, and financial issues that can promote or hinder technology commercialization. The book is the result of a series of workshops organized by the National Research Council with the Russian Academy of Sciences on commercialization of technologies, particularly those developed at research and educational institutions. Technology Commercialization concludes with a list of actions, programs, and policies which warrant further consideration as Russia tries to improve the success of technology commercialization. This book will be of interest to those concerned with small-business development in post-communist states, university technology management, and comparative technology commercialization.
Book Synopsis S&T Strategies of Six Countries by : National Research Council
Download or read book S&T Strategies of Six Countries written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-04 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increase in global access to goods and knowledge is transforming world-class science and technology (S&T) by bringing it within the capability of an unprecedented number of global parties who must compete for resources, markets, and talent. In particular, globalization has facilitated the success of formal S&T plans in many developing countries, where traditional limitations can now be overcome through the accumulation and global trade of a wide variety of goods, skills, and knowledge. As a result, centers for technological research and development (R&D) are now globally dispersed, setting the stage for greater uncertainty in the political, economic, and security arenas. These changes will have a potentially enormous impact for the U.S. national security policy, which for the past half century was premised on U.S. economic and technological dominance. As the U.S. monopoly on talent and innovation wanes, arms export regulations and restrictions on visas for foreign S&T workers are becoming less useful as security strategies. The acute level of S&T competition among leading countries in the world today suggests that countries that fail to exploit new technologies or that lose the capability for proprietary use of their own new technologies will find their existing industries uncompetitive or obsolete. The increased access to information has transformed the 1950s' paradigm of "control and isolation" of information for innovation control into the current one of "engagement and partnerships" between innovators for innovation creation. Current and future strategies for S&T development need to be considered in light of these new realities. This book analyzes the S&T strategies of Japan, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Singapore (JBRICS), six countries that have either undergone or are undergoing remarkable growth in their S&T capabilities for the purpose of identifying unique national features and how they are utilized in the evolving global S&T environment.
Book Synopsis Scientists, Engineers, and Track-Two Diplomacy by : National Research Council
Download or read book Scientists, Engineers, and Track-Two Diplomacy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-03-02 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is intended to provide a brief historical perspective of the evolution of the interacademy program during the past half-century, recognizing that many legacies of the Soviet era continue to influence government approaches in Moscow and Washington and to shape the attitudes of researchers toward bilateral cooperation in both countries (of special interest is the changing character of the program during the age of perestroika (restructuring) in the late 1980s in the Soviet Union); to describe in some detail the significant interacademy activities from late 1991, when the Soviet Union fragmented, to mid-2003; and to set forth lessons learned about the benefits and limitations of interacademy cooperation and to highlight approaches that have been successful in overcoming difficulties of implementation.
Book Synopsis U. S.-Russian : cooperation in space by :
Download or read book U. S.-Russian : cooperation in space written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent broad political rapprochement between the United States and the nations of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) has transformed the environment for cooperation on space projects, and led to cooperative programs in space with Russia and other FSU states that would have been unimaginable just a few years ago. Chief among these are the high-profile human spaceflight cooperative activities involving the Space Shuttle-Space Station Mir dockings and the International Space Station. This report surveys the potential benefits and drawbacks of expanded cooperation with Russia and other nations of the FSU in space activities, and examines the impacts of closer cooperation on U.S. industry and U.S. national security concerns. Such cooperation has begun to yield scientific, technological, political, and economic benefits to the United States. However, the political and economic risks of cooperating with the Russians are higher than with the United States' traditional partners in space. Cooperation in robotic space science and earth remote sensing is proceeding well, within the stringent limits of current Russian (and U.S.) space budgets. Including Russia in the International Space Station program provides technical and political benefits to the space station partners, but placing the Russian contribution in the critical path to completion also poses programmatic and political risks.
Book Synopsis The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology by : Russian Academy of Sciences
Download or read book The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology written by Russian Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-14 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fall of 2010, the U.S. National Academies (consisting of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (in cooperation with the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences and the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences) initiated a joint study of U.S.-Russian bilateral engagement in the biological sciences and biotechnology (hereinafter collectively referred to as bioengagement). The U.S. Department of State and the Russian Academy of Sciences provided support for the study. The academies established a joint committee of 12 leading scientists from the two countries to assess bioengagement activities since 1996 and to provide recommendations as to collaborative efforts in the near future. The Unique U.S.-Russian Relationship in Biological Science and Biotechnology: Recent Experience and Future Directions summarizes the principal conclusions and recommendations of the study.
Book Synopsis Diplomacy for the 21st Century by : National Research Council
Download or read book Diplomacy for the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-08 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diplomacy for the 21st Century recommends steps that the Department of State should embrace to take full advantage of the leading science and technology (S&T) capabilities of the United States. These capabilities provide the department with many opportunities to promote a variety of the interests of the United States and its allies in a rapidly changing world wherein S&T are important drivers of economic development at home and abroad and help ensure international security. This report assesses and makes recommendations concerning the changing environment for the conduct of diplomacy in the years ahead, with a focus on the role of S&T in the development and implementation of U.S. policies and programs. According to this report, prompt steps by the department's leadership are essential to ensure adequate comprehension of the importance of S&T-related developments throughout the world and to incorporate this understanding within the nation's foreign policy for the 21st century. This report also urges the adoption by the department of a broader whole-of-society approach in carrying out its responsibilities at home and abroad - extending beyond traditional interagency coordination and the narrow band of current external partners to include foundations, universities, research centers, and other groups who are extending their international reach.
Book Synopsis Biological Science and Biotechnology in Russia by : Russian Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Biological Science and Biotechnology in Russia written by Russian Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-27 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In July 2005, the National Academies released the report Biological Science and Biotechnology in Russia: Controlling Diseases and Enhancing Security. The report offered a number of recommendations that could help restore Russia's ability to join with the United States and the broader international community in leading an expanded global effort to control infectious diseases. A proposed bilateral intergovernmental commission could play a pivotal role toward that end as cooperation moves from assistance to partnership. The report proposed the establishment of two model State Sanitary Epidemiological Surveillance Centers in Russia, more focused support of competitively selected Russian research groups as centers of excellence, the promotion of investments in biotechnology niches that are well suited for Russian companies, and expanded opportunities for young scientists to achieve scientific leadership positions in Russia. Also, the report highlighted the importance of U.S. programs that support the integration of former Soviet defense scientists with civilian researchers who had not been involved in military-related activities.
Book Synopsis Science, the Endless Frontier by : Vannevar Bush
Download or read book Science, the Endless Frontier written by Vannevar Bush and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic case for why government must support science—with a new essay by physicist and former congressman Rush Holt on what democracy needs from science today Science, the Endless Frontier is recognized as the landmark argument for the essential role of science in society and government’s responsibility to support scientific endeavors. First issued when Vannevar Bush was the director of the US Office of Scientific Research and Development during the Second World War, this classic remains vital in making the case that scientific progress is necessary to a nation’s health, security, and prosperity. Bush’s vision set the course for US science policy for more than half a century, building the world’s most productive scientific enterprise. Today, amid a changing funding landscape and challenges to science’s very credibility, Science, the Endless Frontier resonates as a powerful reminder that scientific progress and public well-being alike depend on the successful symbiosis between science and government. This timely new edition presents this iconic text alongside a new companion essay from scientist and former congressman Rush Holt, who offers a brief introduction and consideration of what society needs most from science now. Reflecting on the report’s legacy and relevance along with its limitations, Holt contends that the public’s ability to cope with today’s issues—such as public health, the changing climate and environment, and challenging technologies in modern society—requires a more capacious understanding of what science can contribute. Holt considers how scientists should think of their obligation to society and what the public should demand from science, and he calls for a renewed understanding of science’s value for democracy and society at large. A touchstone for concerned citizens, scientists, and policymakers, Science, the Endless Frontier endures as a passionate articulation of the power and potential of science.
Download or read book UNESCO Science Report written by UNESCO and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-18 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Maintaining Arctic Cooperation with Russia by : Stephanie Pezard
Download or read book Maintaining Arctic Cooperation with Russia written by Stephanie Pezard and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2017-03-07 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines potential transformations that could alter Russia’s current cooperative stance in the Arctic. It analyzes current security challenges related to climate and geography, economy, territorial claims, and military power, suggests some ways in which these could undermine Arctic cooperation, and offers recommendations for the U.S. government to manage the risks to cooperation.
Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Book Synopsis The Digitalisation of Science, Technology and Innovation Key Developments and Policies by : OECD
Download or read book The Digitalisation of Science, Technology and Innovation Key Developments and Policies written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines digitalisation’s effects on science, technology and innovation and the associated consequences for policy. In varied and far-reaching ways, digital technologies are changing how scientists work, collaborate and publish.
Book Synopsis Science and American Foreign Relations since World War II by : Greg Whitesides
Download or read book Science and American Foreign Relations since World War II written by Greg Whitesides and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sciences played a critical role in American foreign policy after World War II. From atomic energy and satellites to the green revolution, scientific advances were central to American diplomacy in the early Cold War, as the United States leveraged its scientific and technical pre-eminence to secure alliances and markets. The growth of applied research in the 1970s, exemplified by the biotech industry, led the United States to promote global intellectual property rights. Priorities shifted with the collapse of the Soviet Union, as attention turned to information technology and environmental sciences. Today, international relations take place within a scientific and technical framework, whether in the headlines on global warming and the war on terror or in the fine print of intellectual property rights. Science and American Foreign Relations since World War II provides the historical background necessary to understand the contemporary geopolitics of science.
Book Synopsis Putin and the Oligarch by : Richard Sakwa
Download or read book Putin and the Oligarch written by Richard Sakwa and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The arrest of Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the head of the Yukos oil company, on 25 October 2003, was a key turning point in modern Russian history. At that time Khodorkovsky was one of the world's richest and most powerful men, while Yukos had been transformed into a vast and lucrative oil company that was set to go global. On all counts, this looked like a success story, but it was precisely at this moment that the Russian authorities struck. After two controversial trials, attracting widespread international condemnation, Khodorkovsky was sentenced to fourteen years in jail. In this book, Richard Sakwa examines the rise and fall of Yukos, and the development of the Russian oil industry more generally. Sakwa analyses Russia's emergence as an energy superpower, and considers the question of the 'natural resource curse' and the use of energy rents to bolster Russia as a great power and to maintain the autonomy of the regime. Crucially this book also examines the relationship between Putin's state and big business during Russia's traumatic shift from the Soviet planned economy to the market system.It is a detailed analysis of one of the most dramatic confrontations between economic and political power in our era, full of human drama and moral dilemmas. It is also a study of political economy, with the market and state coming into confrontation. Above all, the 'Yukos affair' continues to shape contemporary Russian politics, with a weakened judiciary and insecure property rights. It traces the struggles of the Putin era as two visions of society came into conflict. The attack on Khodorkovsky had - and continues to have - far-reaching political and economic consequences but it also raises fundamental questions about the quality of freedom in Putin's Russia as well as in the world at large.
